(!LANG:Short haircut light blond hair color. Shades of blond hair color and subtleties of coloring.

Now you rarely see girls with light brown hair. This is because many consider it the color of a gray mouse and, trying to look brighter, repaint their curls in other brighter colors. The same cannot be said about girls who have light blond hair color from birth. They, on the contrary, are proud of their unusual color, which is not so often seen.


Very often under bright blondes hide fair-haired girls who can no longer imagine their life without staining. Modern psychologists believe that they become blondes not only externally, but also internally. Therefore, if a girl has already chosen light paint, then she takes on all the features inherent in her.

In general, the light brown color has a lot different shades: light blond, medium blond, ash blond (cold blond), copper blond, dark blond. Shades differ from each other, but at the same time they have common features.

What shade of light brown is best to choose?

light blond

Light blond is more suitable for representatives of fair skin and light eyes. It can be blue, gray, green eyes. Paint of this shade will give the girl even more tenderness and softness than she had before painting. The owners of this color are also called, as in the work of the famous French composer: a girl with flaxen hair.


ash blonde

very unusual and beautiful colour- ash-blond. It belongs to the cold shades of light brown and is not suitable for all beauties. Gray curls are more beautiful for girls with fair skin and pink cheeks. And the fact that they also have freckles add a special charm. Ash color gives the owner such qualities as: elegance, rigor and inaccessibility. If it still has a slightly pearlescent sheen, then it generally looks amazing.

copper blond

Copper-blond hair color looks unusual and intriguing. It is also called a dark red shade. This color is perfect for owners of dark green eyes with snow-white skin and pink cheeks. It looks rich, chic and intriguing, so it will also suit middle-aged women.

medium blond

Medium blond color - very interesting option gray. Unlike others, it is considered the most real light brown color, it is based on both dark and light tones. Most of all, it is suitable for women with dark eyes and slightly swarthy skin. To give this color a shine and a pearly hue, you can make a lamination or a mask with gelatin.

Dark blond

Dark blond color is more like chocolate. He harbors warmth and passion. More suitable for women with brown and black eyes.


Cold blonde

Cold blond is similar to ashy, only it is darker and has a pearlescent effect. This paint looks beautiful on women with a cold skin tone. If a girl with dark skin is painted in such a color, it will look a little ridiculous.

Brown hair care


Light brown hair, especially light shades, needs proper care and washing. This color is exposed to stronger chemical components, so the curls after staining become thinner and weaker than dark ones.

In order for the color to remain the same for quite a long time, you need to use cosmetics with a high content of moisturizing and nourishing substances. Some of them contain components that neutralize calcium and manganese, which are present in tap water. If you use them regularly, then the curls will be shiny and beautiful.

During the summer, blonde hair is exposed to more UV radiation than dark curls. This is explained by the fact that they contain less melanin. Therefore, when going out, it is imperative to apply a special product to your hair that protects from sunlight or wear a headdress that completely covers the entire hair.

For nutrition and beauty of the hair, you can occasionally wash them with infusion of chamomile or lavender. This method will not only be useful, but also help get rid of the yellowish tint.


Light brown color looks very natural and harmonious. Therefore, it is of interest to many girls who want to change with the help of painting. There are a lot of shades of light brown, everyone can choose interesting color and transform into better side. However, to paint desired color and getting what you want is quite difficult.

Light brown tones are not intense, so it is difficult to paint over dark colors with them. If a girl with black hair decided to dye her hair ashen, then first she needs to discolor by 2-3 tones. Having completely got rid of yellowness and a reddish tint, you need to let your hair rest for a couple of days. And only then paint in ashy.

As with any other coloring, you need to correctly calculate the amount of paint. One tube of store-bought paint is designed for shoulder-length hair. If they are longer, then you need to stock up on 2-3 tubes. Paint must be applied dense layer rather than smearing it like a balm.

In order not to get a yellowish or greenish tint when stained, you can add a blue pigment to the paint. This is commonly practiced in beauty salons. After staining in a light brown color, the head should be washed with special tinting shampoos. Otherwise, the color may change very quickly.

With subsequent staining, the paint does not need to be applied to the entire head. First you need to lighten the regrown hair and only then apply the desired paint to them. Thus, ash and light shades of light brown are tinted.

Light brown hair color, namely its light tone, is typical for girls of the Slavic type of appearance. Curls of this shade are common in our country and in Eastern Europe. Light brown today has taken a strong position among the most commonly used and popular colors for dyeing. It looks fresh and natural, and, as you know, naturalness is now in fashion. This color is quite capricious, but thanks to its huge palette of tones, every woman will be able to choose the perfect shade for herself and “try on” it to her hair.

Many ladies, before dyeing, doubt whether light brown hair is suitable for them. Surprisingly, this tone is in perfect harmony with almost any appearance, but you need to choose the right shade for it.

The determining factors in this matter are the color of the eye iris, the tone of the face and the original hair color:

  • for young ladies with dark eyes and swarthy, beige or peach skin, copper-blond hair is suitable;
  • blue-eyed and green-eyed ladies with light tone face is better to give preference fair hair cold light brown shade;
  • brown-eyed and green-eyed ladies with an olive face are recommended to opt for deeper light brown tones, you can also dilute this color with bright highlights;
  • the natural color of the hair should not differ from the desired one by more than 2 tones of coloring.

Perhaps the only exception to the acquisition of a light brown color is the appearance of a burning brunette with dark eyes and the same skin tone.

Not so long ago, the light brown color was not a favorite among fashionistas, it was considered boring, faceless and mousey, but now it is experiencing a real "boom" in popularity. Celebrities such as Charlize Theron, Jennifer Lopez, Natalia Vodianova are seen among fans of a natural shade, they appreciated its naturalness and charm. Under the spotlight and camera flashes, the hair of these beauties acquires incredible charm and shine.

A wide range of light brown shades

In the entire palette, light brown hair color occupies an intermediate position between blond and brown hair. It is difficult to list all the coloristic nuances, nature itself “took care” of the rich range of colors. AT general view The palette is divided into seven main shades, consider the characteristics and features of each of them.

light blond

This shade is as close to blonde as possible, but a little darker. In the light of the sun, such hair acquires an ashy glow. It is considered ideal for fair-skinned girls with blue, light gray and light green eyes. Ladies with light blond hair look as bright as blondes, but their appearance is endowed with nobility and aristocracy.

golden blond


This light brown shade is considered universal, it harmoniously combines with any color type of appearance, the only exception is olive skin, which has a slightly greenish tint - such a warm hair color will make the face gray and painful in appearance. Distinctive feature golden brown curls is the presence of honey and caramel notes. Such hair has a natural radiance and looks unusual. By adding, for example, golden blond strands to dark hair, it will be possible to noticeably revive the hairstyle.

Cold ash blonde

Ash blond color refers to cold, it is devoid of bright shine, but it looks very impressive and stylish. However, extreme caution should be exercised with him, he is best suited for fair-faced ladies with a peach or pinkish tint on the face, freckles on the cheeks will become an original addition. Owners of golden-skinned and tanned skin should refuse it. Ash color needs regular correction and high-quality staining.

Mother-of-pearl blond

This is another option for a cold blonde hair palette. This shade is distinguished by a noble brilliant radiance, which gives mother-of-pearl sparkles to the hair. In nature, this color scheme is not found, but many modern dyes allow you to achieve such a mother-of-pearl effect on the hair.

copper blond

This shade of light brown is warm. By its properties, it is simply unique - it is quite difficult to meet it in nature. It is close to red. Perfectly set off a pale, even translucent face, on which freckles can be seen. Good for light-eyed young ladies. Makes the image aristocratic and mysterious. Swarthy girls are better off choosing more dark options copper brown. To achieve this hair color will help dyes, in the name of which there is the word "copper".

medium blond

Neither a blonde nor a brunette - that's exactly what you can say about the owners of medium blond hair. In nature, this hair color is quite common, it can be warm, with golden nuances, and cold with hints of mother-of-pearl. Today, such medium blond curls are very popular, many girls resort to blonding to get this color.

Dark blond

This is the most saturated option in the light brown palette. Almost all girls can safely choose it, this color is so versatile and many-sided. As a “contraindication”, only a too dark or tanned face can be noted. Dark blond strands will help update the image, make it brighter, but at the same time not lose naturalness and naturalness.

How to achieve light brown curls?


In order to become a fair-haired beauty, it is best to go to the salon and entrust your hair to the hands of a professional. Experts recommend using paint 2-3 tones lighter than the natural color of the hair, but if your hair is initially dark, then you may have to pre-bleach, and after it - coloring. Such procedures require certain knowledge and skills, and certainly should not be performed at home.

Today, stylists have several coloring methods at their disposal to make dark blond or medium blond hair noticeably lighter. Among them are:

  • highlighting - using this technique, several lighter strands are added to the light brown tone of the hair, while creating a noticeable contrast between the shades or creating the effect of burnt curls;
  • ombre - creates a smooth transition from dark hair to lighter horizontal line, does not injure the roots, and gives the hairstyle a spectacular volume and dynamism.

Self-coloring

If you still decide to experiment at home, use some useful recommendations:

  1. Cut off split ends before the procedure;
  2. Do not wash your hair for 3 days before dyeing;
  3. Start coloring from the roots, the dye is applied to the ends last;
  4. If you need to pre-lighten your hair, do it 3 days before coloring it;
  5. On chestnut and copper hair, light blond will not be noticeable, give preference to darker colors;
  6. After removing the dye from the hair, it would be good to apply a nourishing mask to them;
  7. Carefully select a new shade of curls, focusing on the palette of the paint manufacturer.

natural lightening

If you have naturally blond hair, then you may notice that in the summer it fades in the sun and becomes lighter in color. When the sun's rays are not enough, you can achieve the same effect with the help of natural gentle dyes. There are many ways of such clarification, we will consider the most common ones.

  1. Mix 2 cups of diluted vinegar with a cup of liquid honey, add 1 tbsp. l. olive oil and ground coriander (cinnamon powder can be used), we apply the composition to moistened hair, wrap our head with polyethylene or cover it with a hat, tie it with a scarf or scarf and leave everything overnight. Rinse the mixture from your hair in the morning.
  2. Grind 10 capsules of vitamin C, add to this powder not a large number of shampoo, wash my curls with this remedy, as usual.
  3. We dilute the soda powder with warm water to make a mass that looks like gruel, we process the strands along the entire length with this tool, hide them under cellophane and leave them overnight. Rinse your hair thoroughly in the morning. This method should not be used more than once a week.
  4. We brew a bag of dry chamomile inflorescences with a glass hot water and boil everything for 10 minutes. We cool the resulting broth and use it to rinse the hair, we devote at least 15 minutes to this procedure.

Of course, these methods will not give an instant effect, as a result of staining. It will take several weeks to get a new shade. However, after such lightening, your hair will not only not suffer, but will also become noticeably stronger and healthier.

Light brown hair is an excellent base for experiments, but such curls look spectacular on their own. Those who consider such shades inexpressive and unattractive are greatly mistaken. The widest color palette allows you to choose the right option for almost any lady, regardless of her eye and skin color. An example of this is the huge number of "stars" who have become owners of blond hair.

Even in times of the most eccentric colors and shades, the fashion for naturalness has always been and will be the most relevant. Our time is no exception. in fashion with new force includes light brown shades, and more specifically, dark blond hair color. This color is considered the most versatile and will suit almost any type of appearance. Yes, but do not underestimate yourself, it may not suit you.

Any changes in appearance should be treated with extreme caution, because any color can both decorate the face and emphasize its flaws. Therefore, the choice of color must be approached with all seriousness.

Who will suit dark blond hair color

This tone will suit both fair-skinned young ladies and those who have dark color faces, there are no special preferences. The main thing is to take into account specific flaws in the skin and the shape of the face. It will look most impressive on shoulder-length hair, this will add naturalness and add richness to your image. Do not apply this color on or it will look a little ridiculous.

This shade is able to shade all the bright and not very imperfections of the face, which means that before painting it is necessary to put the skin in order. We do not recommend painting in this shade if you have a triangular or square face, a dark shade will not favorably emphasize your angularity, and because of which you will appear older.

Not the last tip when choosing a dark tone, pay attention Special attention on the appearance and health of the hair. What is imperceptible on a blonde will catch your eye on a brunette, namely any imperfections: regrown roots, burnt hairs, split ends. When choosing this tone, you must always follow appearance and health status. Choose proven, gentle paints that will not harm, but improve the quality of your hair.

Dark brown color palette

Dark blond colors include both cold and warm tones. Cold ones are distinguished by their dullness, due to the complete lack of luster, which is why only in the sun you can see the real shade, indoors it will always look darker.

Always for dark blond not warm tones, the presence of gray or a shade is most acceptable. Warm tones are expressed in gold, bronze or copper sheen. In sunlight, they visually look much lighter, have a bright sheen.







Rating of the best paints of dark blond color

  1. The first place went to Garnier paint, namely the color with the name: "luxurious dark blond" 6.0. Resistant, and thanks to nutrients does not harm the hair;
  2. The next place was taken by L’Oreal, a very extensive palette, from which you will definitely be able to choose the right shade. Evenly color without damaging the hair structure;
  3. Third place belongs to Schwarzkoupf&Henkel. Will suit even the most sophisticated women in coloring. Includes both professional and home coloring paint. Carefully cares for hair;
  4. The fourth place was taken by Londa paint. It consists of substances that can add saturation and brightness to the selected tone;
  5. The fifth place is occupied by the manufacturer. This, perhaps, best paint for home coloring.

So, the choice is yours. But any of these paints can do harm if you do not follow the instructions and do not paint according to the scheme.

Coloring at home

To properly and evenly color your hair, you must follow the following rules:

  • dyeing is done not on clean, but on dirty hair, this will slightly protect the structure of the head from the harmful effects of the coloring agent;
  • paint components are mixed according to the instructions;
  • be sure to test for allergies, for this a small amount is applied to the wrist;
  • we start the staining process from the back of the head;
  • first, the roots are stained, and then evenly distributed over the entire length;
  • the amount of paint exposure time always varies, so it’s better to look at the instructions for sure;
  • after waiting right time, wash off with warm water.

As you can see, nothing complicated, and any girl will cope with this task.

Today, naturalness and naturalness are at the peak of popularity. This trend has not bypassed hairstyles. For this reason, many modern beauties choose dark brown tones and shades of hair.

But don't rush. Hastily made, not considered decisions are fraught with unpleasant and sometimes difficult to eliminate consequences. Before dyeing your hair in this color, you should carefully study the palette and, if possible, consult with a specialist. Only a qualified master will be able to say for sure who will go for such a color, and who should refrain from it.

You should also pay attention to the quality of the paint. It should be as natural as possible. Only after all the information has been studied, you can safely proceed to the magical process of reincarnation.

The most popular varieties of dark blond color

  • 1. With a golden hue

This feature of staining can simply not be noticed in the sun. It is too similar to the red tone. This shade belongs to warm and therefore it is recommended to choose it for women with the same “warm” appearance. Its signs are green or Brown eyes, swarthy skin.


  • 2. Silver-ash tint

This is a cold color. It is best suited for blue-eyed women, with perfect fair skin. The choice of such a shade is a rather serious decision. This tone is able to emphasize any flaw. In this case, even a slight defect will be very noticeable to others. In addition, care for this color is difficult. Gray pigment needs regular support. You will have to constantly use a tinted shampoo. And it can weaken the hair.


Who most often chooses dark blond hair color?

Understanding whether a dark blond color is right for you is quite simple. You don't have to be a professional hairdresser to do this. This tone suits everyone without exception. Therefore, this palette is almost at the peak of popularity today. It remains only to decide on the shade.

Light brown has several varieties at once. Among them: ashen, dark blond, gold and others. Most often, women opt for the ashy version.

Before you make a final decision in favor of a certain shade, you should carefully analyze your external data. It is important to take into account some conditions.

Dark blond color looks most impressive on long curls. If they also curl a little, the result will be truly chic. With every breath of wind, the hair, smoothly swaying, will play with beautiful golden rays. This tone is preferred by owners of both light and dark skin.

Girls who have dyed their hair dark blond don't have to worry too much about the hairstyle and haircut option. Dark blond in any case will look modern and original.






What makeup to choose?

Dark blond beauties are especially suitable for shadows selected according to their color type. Warm gamma implies the use of a palette autumn colors. Cold - lilac, pink and smoky undertones. Light colors harmonize with gentle (closer to natural) tones. The cold palette is characterized by bright and catchy combinations.

Shadows that intersect with shades of clothing should be avoided. This is especially true for women who choose a catchy, colorful wardrobe. Bright clothes, combined with dark blond hair, should be complemented with neutral shadows. The line of the eyes in this case is indicated with the help of eyeliner. In spring and summer, make-up should be slightly noticeable.

Light shades in makeup for girls with dark blond hair should be avoided. This combination can cause a discoloration effect.

Regarding powder and tonal foundations - these cosmetics should differ from skin color by about one tone. The blush of peach and pale pink colors harmonize most favorably with light brown hair. Glitter and lipstick are selected according to the woman's color type.








How to achieve dark blond hair tone?

This tone is achieved due to the chemical action of special paints, henna, or with the help of tinting shampoos. The coloring is best done by a specialist. Achieve the desired result on your own it won't be easy.

Before you dye your hair, you should treat it. Hair should be strong, healthy and shiny. On weakened hair, the light brown color looks dull and inconspicuous.

Henna is a natural remedy that will not only give desired color hair, but also significantly improve their condition. This product has back side- if the result for some reason does not suit you, it will not be easy (even impossible) to change the color. To avoid trouble, you can first experiment with a separate small strand.


How to use henna correctly?

Everything is pretty simple. You just need to take into account a few important points.

  1. For staining, you may need from one to four packets of henna. It all depends on the length and density of the hair.
  2. You can apply only henna to your hair (previously brewed with boiling water) or mix it with a few tablespoons of kefir and one or two yolks.
  3. Henna is able to give the hair a copper-chocolate shade. To do this, it must be brewed with strong coffee. To prepare it, you should take four tablespoons of natural ground coffee, brew henna with it and soak in a water bath for ten minutes. If you need to give hairstyle easy shade, the mixture is kept on the hair for no more than fifteen minutes. If you plan to get a bright and saturated color, henna is kept for a longer time. If necessary, the procedure can be repeated at any time.

Toning with chamomile and calendula - myth or reality?

Many people know about the medicinal properties of these plants. But not everyone has heard that with their help it is possible to give hair a light shade of gold.

Chamomile will help add a little yellowish color to your hair. From calendula hair will become dark blond.

Decoctions based on these plants can be used to treat hair on a regular basis. Procedures are carried out once a week.

To prepare a decoction, you need one handful of plant blanks for one glass of boiling water. You can simply rinse your hair without rinsing it with water afterwards. Or wrap your hair in a film. With such a mask, you will have to walk for at least an hour. Don't worry, you won't be able to overdo it with color. A decoction of herbs can only give a slight color sheen.


Toning based on onion peel

If the hair color is boring, and there is no time (or money) to visit the salon, there is no need to be upset. There is a solution. You can change the shade of your hair a little on your own and without any special material costs. All you need is a small amount of onion peel.

To prepare a miraculous decoction, you need only fifty grams of the source material. If the hair is sparse, the amount can be reduced.

The husk is poured with a glass of boiling water and boiled over low heat for about twenty minutes.

When the broth has cooled down a little, it is applied to the hair and the head is wrapped with polyethylene. From above put on a warm cap. Such a mask must be kept on the hair for at least an hour (or more long time). When the hair dries, the woman will definitely notice that her hair has acquired the desired shade. In addition, after such a procedure, the hair looks healthier and stronger.

For natural toning, husks from both white and red onions are suitable. White will give the hair a golden hue, red will make the curls darker (closer to cherry red).


Palette of light brown shades

Important rules and valuable recommendations that should be followed when staining in dark blond color

Dark blonde hair always looks natural, modern and attractive. Therefore, many women are interested in this range. Moreover, it includes a large number of shades. Real scope for experimentation with the image.

By itself, the light brown color can hardly be called intense. With it, it is almost impossible to paint over dark paint. If a black-haired woman decided to dye ashy, she would have to bleach several tones at once. There should be no yellowness and reddish tint. Next, the hair will have to rest for several days. And only after that you can start coloring.

It is important to correctly calculate the amount of paint. It should be borne in mind that manufacturers recommend proceeding from the following calculation: one tube of paint for shoulder length. If the curls are longer, you will need at least two packs. The paint should be applied in a dense, even layer. It shouldn't smear like a balm.

So that as a result of dyeing the hair does not acquire a yellow or green tint, a blue pigment should be added to the source material. This rule is well known to employees of beauty salons.

After dyeing, the hair should be washed with a specialized tinting shampoo. Otherwise, the resulting effect will not be able to be fixed for a long time.












Secrets of proper care for dark blond hair

In order for the hair to look beautiful, well-groomed, healthy and, moreover, to retain color for a long time, it is necessary to provide them with the right care.

The process of dyeing negatively affects the condition of the hair. They become weaker and thinner. To remedy the situation, it is necessary to include products with a large number of nourishing and moisturizing ingredients in the home care. With their regular use, their former strength and attractiveness will very soon return to the hair.

In the summer, dark blond hair is most susceptible to the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays. This is due to the fact that they contain a minimum amount of melanin. Therefore, before each exit to the street, women must apply special protective equipment to their hair. The scarf will also help protect against harmful rays.

Lavender and chamomile tinctures will help enhance the beauty of the hair and provide them with additional nutrition. In addition, these funds are able to rid the curls of yellowness.

It can be said with a high degree of certainty that the screens of a wide variety of gadgets and monitors will gather on these pages a kind of fair-haired club. If such a community actually existed, then it would be very numerous and, most surprisingly, very diverse in terms of shades, midtones, and tint of blond hair. Among them, it is extremely difficult to find an absolutely similar color.

In 2017, the trend of "naturalness" in appearance and style is not only maintained, but also strengthened. Fashion trends following in all naturalness makes hair coloring in light brown color popular and very common. Therefore, you should not expose your natural blond to revolutionary changes. Having correctly placed accents and nuances, you will achieve a real transformation of appearance.

Photos from the catwalks are full of fair-haired beauties and no less beautiful guests of fashion shows from among world famous stars:




Shades of light brown hair

Despite the fact that you call yourself fair-haired, you have probably heard from others the most varied definitions of the color of your light brown hair. The color type of the strands has varieties of warm and cold shades, and the arsenal of colors is rich in tones and halftones from dark blond to chocolate brown:

Light blond hair color

A beautiful color that belongs to the warm color type, in combination with the blue or gray eyes of the owner, creates an amazing effect. A common name - dark blood, most accurately conveys the essence of color.

Owners of darker shades of light brown, if desired, can achieve a lighter range. For information on how to do this correctly, read our article "". After light clarification on such hair, an amber-blond or honey-blond tone fits perfectly. It is not difficult at all to give light blond darker tones.

Wheat-blond color fully corresponds to the direction of fashion 2017 for naturalness. This color has a pronounced anti-aging effect, perfectly emphasizes the lines and features of any haircut. Designers women's hairstyles, skillfully using halftones of light blond hair, masterfully create unique images shown on a photo:










medium blond

Nature was obviously generous to blond hair giving them a variety of shades. Medium blond is a universal color that suits almost everyone. The owners of this unique color are lucky: stylists identify this natural color with the bronde, popular in 2017, which is achieved by dyeing in salons.

Medium-blond hair lends itself well to lightening, followed by color adjustments to copper-blond or with a sheen of caramel. Such a choice will favorably emphasize the dignity of green-eyed and blue-eyed.

However, it is this color that most often has grayish shades, which it is desirable to paint over with a more intense and saturated color. On medium blond, the paint of a darker color scheme with chestnut notes perfectly fits. Fashionable technologies of “color stretching” look stylish and harmonious, which is perfectly demonstrated by the presented photos:






Dark blond hair color

Of those who are blond hair color is the darkest colors, only women with naturally very dark skin can be excluded. In all other cases, dark blond, albeit a rather cold color scheme, looks pleasant and natural, suggests a lot of options for makeup, even the brightest.

The most fashionable shades of 2017 from the arsenal of colors for dark blond hair- chocolate brown, as well as light brown. Chocolate and brown notes of “frosty chestnut” and “bitter chocolate” colors transform and enhance the attractiveness of fair-haired people.
Dark blond is a great base color for technologies that use color stretching.

Photos of owners of dark blond refute the assertion of some about the dullness of such a color:







Ash blonde hair color

The ash-colored arsenal has truly unique characteristics: it is from the cold color palette from very light to dark tones, does not have bright tints, but has excellent style.

When deciding what color to paint, keep in mind that this option is very demanding and focuses on the face. Bronze, swarthy skin or rashes are a clear contraindication. The best option for hair with an ashy tint - absolutely clean fair skin with a subtle hint of pink. Cold ash color or platinum will emphasize blue and grey eyes. If you are interested, Last-Trend dedicated a separate article to this topic "