The plot composition of the fairy tale is built in the description of a society, from the life of whose members the pangs of conscience suddenly disappear, while the heroes of the work do not at all regret the loss of a worthless rag and an annoying accustomer in the form of conscience, since they began to feel freer, feeling permissiveness that gives rise to aggressive anger and social chaos.
The writer depicts a picture of the fall of a person, in which humanity, creation disappear, preventing a destructive collapse in the souls of people, substituting each other, showing flattery, groveling, lying, slandering their neighbor by slander and slander.
The narration of the fairy tale is permeated with the author's attitude to the problem of a conscientious person, since in this manifestation the writer sees the living and the present, which entails people feeling blessed feelings in the form of satisfaction with their own actions and, accordingly, peace of mind.
One of the heroes of the tale, depicted by the author as a bitter drunkard, an alcoholic, is the first to acquire a conscience and, freed from a drunken frenzy, realizes his useless, worthless existence, recalling in horror his own shameful deeds. Another of the heroes who felt pangs of conscience is the liquor dealer Prokhor, who, having experienced this feeling for the first time, feels his own relief, having performed the act of a responsible person for the first time.
The writer conveys his own view of the sense of conscience, which, in his opinion, is combined with the moral principles of public self-consciousness, capable of understanding the positive and negative side of life, emphasizing the true essence of each person. This ability develops from childhood, because the soul of a baby is pure and immaculate, absorbing all the good things that are put into a small selfless heart.
The finale of the work clearly demonstrates the need from infancy to educate children in positive human qualities, consisting in kindness, love, compassion, and mercy. Conscience, as the main character of the fairy tale, wants to find itself in the soul of a baby who is able to take it into his heart and dissolve in it, feeling conscience in the form of a guardian of true humanity.
Option 2
Before you is a fairy tale called "The Conscience Lost", which was written by the famous writer Saltykov-Shchedrin. Here he talks not only about his own life, but also about the lives of other people.
Many people live for many years, but still do not know what conscience is. All the characters in this work belong to the same category of people. You can't see peasants or working people here.
Each of these heroes has no conscience for a long time and live very well without it. Now she does not interfere with their lives, and life without her is much better and easier. In this work, conscience is shown as a worthless rag that no one wants to pick up and smear hands on it.
The writer tries to convey to the audience that conscience is a completely different feeling. With the help of conscience, a person can become much better than before. He will understand what is good and what is bad. And try not to do bad things to another person. Even if you are a cynical person, you can also find positive qualities in him. The drunkard tries to persuade everyone who takes alcohol to give it up forever. The thief no longer wants to steal, but tries to return all the loot to its place.
Every person who has found a conscience and picked it up tries to pass it on almost immediately so that it does not linger with them, because they do not need it at all. No one wants to live conscientiously, because on the contrary, it is at their loss. It is best to steal, deceive and do evil to people.
But in order for people to have a conscience and settle down deep in their souls, you need to slightly change the world in which we now live. In addition, it is necessary to change the laws that say otherwise. And you need to educate people from childhood, so that they have it.
And all this should be done by young guys who live in the country. And you need to start first of all with yourself, and then ask something from other people. They must be literate, kind, sympathetic, merciful and fair people. Every young person should have a conscience that sits in the heart and occupies the main and honorable place there. Only after this, our life will begin to change a little and after a while it will change forever.
Idea, theme, meaning
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A clear conscience is the best pillow.
G. Ibsen
Among the vast heritage of Saltykov-Shchedrin, his fairy tales are the most popular. In them, fantasy is intertwined with reality, the comic is combined with the tragic. The tale “Conscience Lost” tells about how life has changed when conscience disappeared from it. Everything seemed to remain the same, but "some kind of pipe stopped playing in the orchestra of life." It has become easier to deceive, to cunning, to swindle, to grovel, it has become more dexterous to turn one's neighbor's foot, it is more convenient to flatter.
In the fairy tale, conscience turned into a “useless rag”, from which everyone tried to get rid of as soon as possible. And Shchedrin also called her "annoying hanger-on." "What happened to the people?" the author asks. And he himself answers his own question: people are "sharp-venely." Robberies and robberies began, general ruin began.
The “useless rag” was lying on the road, and everyone who was not too lazy tossed it away from him until some drunkard picked up this unnecessary thing in the hope of getting it on the scale. Raised - and his head cleared up, and his whole life began to seem "a continuous ugly crime." But, alas, this made him very sick. And he sold this burden to Prokhorych, who traded in a drinking establishment. “It’s bad to get poor people drunk,” his conscience began to whisper to him. The distraught tavern keeper began to prove to the visitors that wine is the source of all their misfortunes. Prokhorych was about to break all the dishes and pour the wine into the ditch, but then his wife intervened, who was not touched by such grace as conscience. Stealing her husband's conscience, she slipped the burdensome rag into the pocket of a district warden named Lovets. The catcher, in the words of the author, was "a small one, not that completely shameless, but he did not like to embarrass himself and launched his paw quite freely." And then he walked through the bazaar, took nothing, returned home empty-handed. And he kept repeating one phrase: “I testify before my conscience...” The catcher, having distributed all the money, asked for forgiveness, brought the beggars to his yard and ordered them to feed them.
After checking the pockets of her husband's coat, the wife found a dirty rag - conscience. Putting
her in an envelope, she sent her conscience to the "financier and railway inventor"
Brzhotsky. The family of the "financier" was sitting at dinner when the owner received the envelope.
He found a way out quickly: he decided to make a donation. Taking out the conscience with tweezers,
Brzhotsky transferred it to another envelope, added a hundred banknote and took it to
light, and no one wanted to shelter her, everyone only thought to get rid of conscience with
hands Conscience pleaded and asked the poorest man who traded
dust in the entrance yard, find a little child, maybe he will later become people with a conscience
out... That's how it all happened. A little child grows, and with him grows in him
conscience. Shchedrin ends the tale with encouraging words: “And they will disappear ... all
unrighteousness, deceit and violence, because the conscience will not be timid and will want to manage everything itself.
Such is the truth of life in Saltykov-Shchedrin's fairy tale "Conscience Lost". Unfortunately, everything that the author told about has a continuation in our life. There is almost no funny in the fairy tale, and tragic - in the title itself. And we all should think about this fairy tale and understand: the conscience is gone ... - this is a tragedy for both man and society!
“Conscience suddenly disappeared ... almost instantly! Just yesterday, this annoying hanger-on just flashed before my eyes, seemed like an excited imagination, and suddenly ... nothing! It became easier for people to live without conscience, they "hurried to take advantage of the fruits of this freedom." Looting and robbery began, people went berserk. Conscience was lying on the road and "everyone threw it like a worthless rag", wondering "how such a blatant disgrace can lie in a well-organized city and in the busiest place."
One "unfortunate bastard" picked up his conscience "in the hope of getting a shkalik for it." And immediately fear and remorse took possession of him: “out of the darkness of the shameful past” all the shameful deeds committed by him surfaced. However, this unfortunate and miserable person is not alone to blame for his sins, there is a monstrous force that “twisted and twirled them, as it twists and twirls a whirlwind in the steppe with an insignificant blade of grass”. Consciousness has woken up in a person, but "shows only one way out - the way out of fruitless self-accusation." The drunkard decided to get rid of his conscience and went to the drinking house, where a certain Prokhorych traded. It was to this merchant that the unfortunate conscience "in a rag" slipped.
Prokhorych immediately began to repent. It is a sin to solder the people! He even began to make speeches to the regulars of the tavern about the dangers of vodka. To some, the tavern keeper offered to take his conscience from him, but everyone shunned such a gift. Prokhorych was even going to pour the wine into the ditch. There was no trade that day, no pennies were made, but the tavern keeper slept peacefully, not like in the old days. The wife realized that it was impossible to trade with a conscience. At dawn, she stole her husband's conscience and rushed into the street with it. It was a market day, there were a lot of people on the streets. Arina Ivanovna shoved her irritating conscience into the pocket of a district warden named Lovets.
The quarter warden is always given bribes. In the market, he is accustomed to looking at someone else's good as his own. And suddenly - he sees the good, but understands that it is someone else's. The men began to laugh at him - they are used to being robbed! They began to call the Catcher Fofan Fofanych. So he left the market "without bags." The wife was offended, did not give dinner. As soon as the Trapper took off his coat, he immediately changed - "it again seemed that there was nothing alien in the world, but everything was his." Decided to go to the market, repair the damage. As soon as I put on my overcoat (and my conscience is in my pocket!), I again felt ashamed to rob people. By the time he reached the bazaar, even his own wallet had already become a burden to him. He began to distribute money, distributed everything. Moreover, along the way, he took with him “the poor, apparently, invisibly” in order to feed them. He came home, ordered his wife to dress "strange people", took off his coat himself ... And was surprised: why are people wandering around the yard? Cut them out, right? The beggars were kicked out in the neck, and the wife began to fumble through her husband's pockets - was there a penny lying around? And I found a conscience in my pocket! The savvy woman decided that the financier Samuil Davydovich Brzhotsky "would beat a small business, but endure!". And sent the conscience by mail.
Both Samuil Davydovich himself and his children are well versed in ways to extract money from anything. Even the younger sons figure out "how much the last one owes the first one for the lollipops taken on loan." There is no conscience in such a family at all. Brzhotsky found a way out. He had long promised a certain general to make a charitable donation. A conscience in an envelope was also attached to the hundredth banknote (actually a donation). All this was handed over to the general.
So they passed the conscience from hand to hand. Nobody needed her. And then the conscience asked the last one in whose hands it was: “Find me a little Russian child, dissolve his pure heart in front of me and bury me in it!”
“A little child grows, and conscience grows with it. And the little child will be a great man, and there will be a great conscience in him. And then all unrighteousness, deceit and violence will disappear, because the conscience will not be timid and will want to manage everything itself.
This article examines in detail the work of Saltykov-Shchedrin "Conscience Lost". A brief summary and analysis will touch upon those special moral strings of the soul of a person and society as a whole. The question that has been of interest to people for more than one century, which should be understood first of all: “What is it - conscience?” Censor, controller, inner voice? Why is she needed if without her it becomes so calm? This and many other things are described in the article devoted to such a difficult topic, touched upon in the work of the outstanding Russian writer M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin “Conscience Lost”.
About the writer
To begin with, I would like to say a few words about the writer himself, whose merits are significant and great, and the works written by him throughout his life put him on a par with the great minds of Russia: with Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Pushkin, Chekhov.
So, Saltykov-Shchedrin was born in 1826 on January 27 (15 according to the old style) into a noble family of an old family. Giftedness, intelligence, incredible diligence were faithful companions of the writer from childhood. At the age of 10 he was sent to the Moscow Noble Institute, two years later he was transferred to the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum for excellent studies. "For freethinking" was exiled to Vyatka for 8 years. In 1856, in connection with the death of Nicholas I, the young writer returned back and resumed writing. Participation in the peasant reform, the position of governor of the province and work in the Ministry of the Interior became an integral part of the writer's life.
After retiring, he becomes the editor-in-chief of the Sovremennik magazine. Agree, an impressive list of achievements! A talented writer, satirist, statesman, artist left an unforgettable mark on the history of his country, the works of Saltykov-Shchedrin are topical and have not lost their relevance to this day.
The problem of own imperfection
The writer often refers to the theme of fairy tales in his works. And here is an unusual situation before the reader - conscience disappears from the life of society. What happened to the people? They began to feel freer, but do not be mistaken and confuse the inspiring feeling of freedom with a sense of permissiveness that generates chaos, aggression and anger. The human disappears in man himself, precisely what should distinguish in him a thinking, creative being, alien to destruction and collapse.
What happened to conscience? Pay attention to how the author calls her: "annoying hooker", and this is not accidental. Thus, the author makes it clear to the reader that conscience is like something alive and real, in need of nourishment and care, which in turn will thank its “owner” with a blessed feeling of peace and self-satisfaction. And without a person, it turns into that unnecessary appendage and becomes that “annoying hanger”.
Further, in the work of Saltykov-Shchedrin, as an example, one can observe the peaceful dream of the owner of a drinking establishment, who, perhaps for the first time in his life, behaved like a responsible person for his actions. Or, say, the very first "owner" of conscience - a drunkard who freed himself from the yoke of wine intoxication and realized all his worthlessness of existence, which is why he feels fear. But the bitter drunkard destroys only himself, he is only responsible for his actions, unlike Prokhor, the owner of a drinking establishment, who destroys so many people with his potion. Conscience gives Prokhor a sense of relief, since for the first time in his life he acts according to his conscience. What does the author want to tell us?
The summary of “Conscience Lost” by Saltykov-Shchedrin, analyzed by us in this material, covers important aspects of the life of human society. If there was a conscience nearby, then there would be no drunkards in the world, and the owners of beer houses would bake bread and buns. Adults will definitely smile in this place, as each of them knows how difficult our world is. But that's why it's a fairy tale - you might think. The tale “Conscience Lost” is a kind of reminder for adults and a lesson for children.
Own choice, or the Power of one drop
The journey of conscience continues, but most likely it was a toll-house that brings suffering, wanderings. Conscience falls to the Trapper. The author does not give a name to his character, but is limited only by a nickname, thereby emphasizing the essence of this person. What is his fault? Unlike the first two characters, one of which destroyed himself, and the other - others, in this case the sin of the Catcher is great and heavy, he is a bribe taker.
The next owner of conscience is already a completely different person, the author paints a picture of a prosperous family of a banker, but extreme prudence is the vice of a hero who even conscience sells on the sly. The tale “Conscience Lost” by Saltykov-Shchedrin, the analysis of which makes one involuntarily think about the globality and depth of the question, about whether there is a place for conscience in our world at all? How easy and difficult it is to act according to conscience at the same time, but how easy it becomes on the soul when it is pure. How to breathe, how to live in a new way!
Understanding the concept of conscience
Turning to dictionaries, we find a definition of the concept of conscience. Conscience is a feeling and a concept at the same time, a sense of responsibility for one's actions is intertwined with the awareness of those moral principles on which the health of society should be based. This ability to distinguish between good and bad must be instilled from infancy. Parents are a kind of guides to the world who teach the child to love good and hate evil, and children, in turn, fearing to lose the love and favor of their parents, clearly and quickly absorb and assimilate precisely those concepts that are given by the father and mother.
Hopes placed
In the work, Saltykov-Shchedrin gives voice to his main character - conscience. What does she ask for, what does she want? She asks to find her a little Russian child so that she can dissolve in his heart. “Why exactly in the heart of a child?” - you ask. The author thus wants to make the reader understand how important it is to place hopes on the younger generation, and it should be remembered that children are innocent and pure, and it will depend only on adults what colors their future world, conscience, life will be filled with. The problem of “Conscience Lost” by Saltykov-Shchedrin concerns that side of the human soul, where there comes the realization of good and evil, truth and hope.
Conclusion
In conclusion, summing up what has been said, I would like to note that the author of the immortal work wanted to emphasize the importance of conscience in human life, to show the reader conscience as the guardian of all those human qualities on which the best part of civilization was built. The summary of “Conscience Lost” by Saltykov-Shchedrin, analyzed in our article, we hope will give food for thought and touch the strings of your soul, help you make the right choice, give you peace.
Purpose: understanding the concept of conscience as
responsibility for one's actions based on
literary text analysis
Equipment: demonstration material
(definitions of the concept of “conscience” from explanatory
dictionaries)
During the classes
Organizing time. Introduction to the text, topic
lesson.
M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin often offers us
fabulous situations: this is a desert island, on
which miraculously turned out to be two generals,
and a wild landowner, from whose estate miraculous
all the men disappeared in this way, and in this tale before
we are in a very unusual situation.
lost conscience. And what is conscience like you
think?
(Student answers)
In your own words, you made clear definitions,
that are in dictionaries (refer to
demo material):
Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N.Yu. Dictionary
Russian language: Conscience is a feeling
moral responsibility for one's behavior
in front of the people around you.
Dictionary of the Russian language / Edited by A.P.
Evgenieva: Conscience is a feeling and consciousness
moral responsibility for one's behavior
in front of yourself and those around you.
Which definition seems more complete to you?
Why?
(Student answers)
So the conscience is gone, gone, man and
consciences were divided - what became of them?
A man without a conscience - how have people changed? "Many
began to feel more free”.
How do you understand it? The human is gone
people have become like animals.
And conscience without a person? What has she become? Annoying
accuser, accuser, yoke, blatant
ugliness.
People freed themselves from conscience, and it became
rags, rags. Nobody needs her
no one calls, on the contrary, they throw her,
throw each other.
Commented text reading.
So the journey of conscience begins. Although I
I will call another word - ordeal. Which one
stronger? Ordeals, because It is not simple
journey is disaster, suffering, wandering.
Who will have a conscience? At the drunkard; at
Prokhorych, the owner of the tavern; at the catcher, quarterly
overseer; Brozhtssky, a wealthy banker.
reading a fragment with the words “And God knows how long
the poor exile would have lain thus,
if some unfortunate drunkard hadn't picked it up,
coveted from drunken eyes even to a worthless
rag, in the hope of getting a scale for it.” before
words ": before Prokhorych has time
to come to his senses, a terrible find is already in his
hand."
What is the vice of a drunkard? Is this a vice only of the 19th century?
What does conscience do to a drunkard? “permeated
electric jet”, “the head is freed from
wine vapors”, “consciousness returns
reality, fear, memory, shame”
Is this the most terrible vice? No, because
the drunkard is responsible only for himself and destroys only
myself.
Reading by roles of the fragment from the words “Some
for a while Prokhorych stood with bulging eyes;
then all of a sudden he was sweating.” to words “She is in
all the spirit ran after him, and barely had time
to catch up, as now, with the amazing
dexterity, slowly shoved her conscience into her pocket
his coat."
What discovery does Prokhorych make for himself? "Easily
to the person who has a conscience in his eyes.”
Why does a drunkard feel fear, and Prokhorych -
relief when their conscience falls into their hands? Vice
Prokhorych is harder: he destroys not only himself.
Reading a fragment from the words “The catcher was small, not that
to be completely shameless, but did not like to embarrass himself
and launched the paw quite freely.” to the words "-
Well, now you can, my friend, boldly go to the market, -
she said to her husband when she returned home.
What letter is the name of the hero written with capital or
with little one? What is it - a name or a nickname? Nickname,
reflecting the very essence of man.
What is he? "Shameless", "impetuous",
"decent liar".
It's without conscience. And with a conscience in your pocket? “Came
he goes to the market square, and it seems to him that everything
it was not instructed there, and on carts, and on lockers, and in
shops - all this is not his, but someone else's. Never before
it didn’t happen to him.”
What is his vice? bribery,
bribery, a sin even more serious.
Reading a fragment from the words “Samuil Davydych
Brzotsky sat at the dinner table, surrounded
with all my family.” to the words “On the same evening
he had completely forgotten about the
suffering and invented such an outlandish operation
to the general sting that the next day everything
they gasped when they found out.”
Who is Brzhotsky by the nature of his occupation? Banker.
Look: a prosperous, wealthy family,
smart man, wife, children - what is his vice? He
prudent, even conscience sells on the sly.
Reading a fragment with the words “And for a long time
the poor, exiled conscience staggered
white light, and she visited many thousands
of people." to end
Let's go back to the definitions we've been working with
at the beginning of the lesson. "Worthless rag" was
conscience for whom: for Saltykov-Shchedrin? For his
heroes?
(Student answers)
Read another definition from "Explanatory
Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” by V.I. Dalia:
“Conscience is the inner consciousness of good and evil,
the secret of the soul, the feeling that prompts the truth and
good."
Do you agree with this definition?
So where is the refuge of conscience? For the first time we
we hear her voice, her request. What is she asking for? “ Find
you tell me a little Russian child, dissolve you in front of
me his pure heart and bury me in it!”
Why is it in the heart of a child?
(Student answers)
Creative work on associations.
Try to materialize the image of conscience,
think of it as a specific
object or phenomenon.
(Student answers)
Lesson results.
So, Saltykov-Shchedrin lays on the conscience
hope, for she is the keeper for him
human in man, mistress of the future
state of the world.