Work:
Who lives well in Russia
Saveliy - “Holy Russian hero”, “With a huge gray mane, Tea not cut for twenty years, With a huge beard, Grandfather looked like a bear.” In strength, he was definitely similar to a bear, in his youth he hunted him with his bare hands.
S. spent almost his entire life in Siberia in hard labor for burying a cruel German manager alive in the ground. S.'s native village was in the wilderness. Therefore, the peasants lived in it relatively freely: "The Zemstvo police did not come to us for a year." But they meekly endured the atrocities of their landowner. It is in patience, according to the author, that the heroism of the Russian people lies, but this patience also has a limit. S. was sentenced to 20 years, and after an attempt to escape, another 20 were added. But all this did not break the Russian hero. He believed that "Branded, but not a slave!" Returning home and living in his son's family, S. behaved independently and independently: "He did not like families, He did not let him into his corner." But on the other hand, S. treated his grandson's wife, Matryona, and her son Demushka well. The accident made him the culprit in the death of his beloved great-grandson (through an oversight, S. Demushka was bitten by pigs). In inconsolable grief, S. goes to repentance in a monastery, where he remains to pray for the entire destitute Russian people. At the end of his life, he pronounces a terrible verdict on the Russian peasantry: "There are three paths for men: a tavern, prison and hard labor, And for women in Russia Three loops ... Get into any one."
One of the main characters of Nekrasov's poem “Who Lives Well in Russia” - Savely - the reader will recognize when he is already an old man who has lived a long and difficult life. The poet draws a colorful portrait of this amazing old man:
With a huge gray mane,
Tea, twenty years uncut,
With a big beard
Grandpa looked like a bear
Especially, as from the forest,
Bending down, he left.
Savely's life turned out to be very difficult, fate did not spoil him. In his old age, Savely lived in the family of his son, father-in-law Matryona Timofeevna. It is noteworthy that grandfather Saveliy does not like his family. Obviously, all household members do not have the best qualities, and an honest and sincere old man feels this very well. In his native family, Saveliy is called “branded, convict”. And he himself, not at all offended by this, says: “Branded, but not a slave.
It is interesting to observe how Saveliy is not averse to playing a trick on his family members:
And they will annoy him hard -
Jokes: “Look
Matchmakers to us!” Unmarried
Cinderella - to the window:
But instead of matchmakers - beggars!
From a tin button
Grandfather fashioned two kopecks,
Threw up on the floor -
Father-in-law got caught!
Not drunk from drinking -
The beaten one dragged on!
What does this relationship between the old man and his family indicate? First of all, it is striking that Saveliy is different both from his son and from all relatives. His son does not possess any exceptional qualities, does not shun drunkenness, is almost completely devoid of kindness and nobility. And Savely, on the contrary, is kind, smart, outstanding. He eschews his household, apparently, he is disgusted by pettiness, envy, malice, characteristic of his relatives. Old man Savely is the only one in her husband's family who was kind to Matryona. The old man does not hide all the hardships that have fallen to his lot:
“Oh, the share of Holy Russian
Homemade hero!
He's been bullied all his life.
Time will reflect
About death - hellish torments
In the other world they are waiting.”
Old man Savely is very freedom-loving. It combines qualities such as physical and mental strength. Savely is a real Russian hero who does not recognize any pressure on himself. In his youth, Savely had remarkable strength, no one could compete with him. In addition, life used to be different, the peasants were not burdened with the hardest duty to pay dues and work off corvée. Savely says:
We did not rule corvee,
We didn't pay dues
And so, when it comes to judgment,
We will send once in three years.
In such circumstances, the character of the young Savely was tempered. Nobody pressured her, nobody made her feel like a slave. In addition, nature itself was on the side of the peasants:
Dense forests all around,
Swamps all around,
Not a horse ride to us,
Not a foot pass!
Nature itself protected the peasants from the invasion of the master, the police and other troublemakers. Therefore, the peasants could live and work in peace, not feeling someone else's power over them.
When reading these lines, fairy tale motifs come to mind, because in fairy tales and legends people were absolutely free, they controlled their own lives.
The old man tells how the peasants dealt with the bears:
We were only concerned
Bears... yes with bears
We got along easily.
With a knife and with a horn
I myself am scarier than the elk,
Along the reserved paths
I go: “My forest!” - I scream.
Saveliy, like a real fairy tale hero, claims his rights to the forest surrounding him. It is the forest - with its untrodden paths, mighty trees - that is the real element of the hero Savely. In the forest, the hero is not afraid of anything, he is the real master of the silent kingdom around him. That is why in old age he leaves his family and goes into the forest.
The unity of the bogatyr Savely and the nature around him seems undeniable. Nature helps Savely to become stronger. Even in old age, when years and hardships have bent the old man's back, you still feel remarkable strength in him.
Savely tells how, in his youth, his fellow villagers managed to deceive the master, to hide the wealth from him. And although we had to endure a lot for this, no one could reproach people for cowardice and lack of will. The peasants were able to convince the landlords of their absolute poverty, so they managed to avoid complete ruin and enslavement.
Savely is a very proud person. This is felt in everything: in his attitude to life, in his steadfastness and courage with which he defends his own. When he talks about his youth, he recalls how only weak-minded people surrendered to the master. Of course, he himself was not one of those people:
Excellently fought Shalashnikov,
And not so hot great Incomes received:
Weak people gave up
And the strong for the patrimony
They stood well.
I also endured
He hesitated, thinking:
“Whatever you do, dog son,
And you won't knock out your whole soul,
Leave something!”
Old man Savely bitterly says that now there is practically no self-respect left in people. Now cowardice, animal fear for oneself and one's well-being and lack of desire to fight prevail:
Those were the proud people!
And now give a crack -
Corrector, landowner
Drag the last penny!
Savely's young years passed in an atmosphere of freedom. But peasant freedom did not last long. The master died, and his heir sent a German, who at first behaved quietly and imperceptibly. The German gradually became friends with the entire local population, little by little he observed peasant life.
Gradually, he got into the confidence of the peasants and ordered them to drain the swamp, then cut down the forest. In a word, the peasants came to their senses only when a magnificent road appeared, along which it was easy to get to their godforsaken place.
And then came the hardship
Korean peasant -
Threads ravaged
The free life was over, now the peasants fully felt all the hardships of a servile existence. Old man Saveliy speaks of people's long-suffering, explaining it by the courage and spiritual strength of people. Only truly strong and courageous people can be so patient as to endure such mockery of themselves, and so generous as not to forgive such an attitude towards themselves.
And so we endured
That we are rich.
In that Russian heroism.
Do you think, Matryonushka,
The man is not a hero?
And his life is not military,
And death is not written for him
In battle - a hero!
Nekrasov finds amazing comparisons, speaking of people's long-suffering and courage. He uses the folk epos, speaking of heroes:
Hands twisted with chains
Legs forged with iron
Back ... dense forests
Passed on it - broke.
And the chest? Elijah the prophet
On it rattles-rides
On a chariot of fire...
The hero suffers everything!
Old man Savely tells how for eighteen years the peasants endured the arbitrariness of the German manager. Their whole life was now in the power of this cruel man. People had to work tirelessly. And every time the manager was dissatisfied with the results of the work, he demanded more. Constant bullying by the Germans causes the strongest indignation in the soul of the peasants. And once another portion of bullying made people commit a crime. They kill the German manager. When reading these lines, the thought of higher justice comes to mind. The peasants have already managed to feel absolutely powerless and weak-willed. Everything they held dear was taken from them. But after all, a person cannot be mocked with complete impunity. Sooner or later you will have to pay for your actions.
But, of course, the murder of the manager did not go unpunished:
Buoy-city, There I learned to read and write,
Until they decided us.
The solution came out: hard labor
And weave in advance ...
The life of Savely, the Holy Russian hero, after hard labor was very difficult. He spent twenty years in captivity, only closer to old age he was free. Savely's whole life is very tragic, and in old age he turns out to be the unwitting culprit in the death of his little grandson. This case once again proves that, despite all his strength, Savely cannot withstand hostile circumstances. He is just a plaything in the hands of fate.
“There was also a lucky man” ... With such ironic words, the image of grandfather Savely is introduced into Nekrasov's poem. He lived a long, difficult life and is now living his life in the family of Matrena Timofeevna. The image of Savely, the Holy Russian hero in Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Russia” is very important, because he embodies the idea of Russian heroism. The theme of the strength, endurance and long-suffering of the people in the poem grows from chapter to chapter (recall the story of a strong man at the fair, which serves as a prerequisite to the story of Savely) and is finally resolved in the image of the hero Savely.
Saveliy comes from remote forest lands, where even "the devil has been looking for a way for three years." The very name of this region breathes with power: Korega, from “mangle”, i.e. bend, break. A bear can cripple anything, and Savely himself "looked like a bear." He is also compared with other animals, for example, with the elk, and it is emphasized that he is much more dangerous than a predator when he walks through the forest "with a knife and a horn." This strength comes from a deep knowledge of one's region, complete unity with nature. One can see Saveliy's love for his land, his words “My forest!
” sound much more convincing than the same statement from the lips of the landowner Obolt-Obolduev.
But in any, even the most impassable region, the master's hand will reach. Savely's free life ends with the arrival of a German manager in Korega. At first, he seemed harmless and did not even demand the due tribute, but he set a condition: to work off the money by logging. The simple-hearted peasants built a road out of the forest and then realized how much they had been deceived: the gentlemen came to Korezhina along this road, the German brought his wife and children, and began to draw all the juice out of the village.
"And then came hard labor
Korean peasant -
Ruined to the bone!”
For a long time, the peasants endure the bullying of the German - he beats them and makes them work without measure. A Russian peasant can endure a lot, that's why he is a hero, - Savely believes.
So he says to Matryona, to which the woman replies with irony: such a hero and mice can seize. In this episode, Nekrasov outlines an important problem for the Russian people: their lack of response, their unpreparedness for decisive action. It is not for nothing that Savely's characterization coincides with the image of the most motionless of the epic heroes - Svyatogor, who at the end of his life grew into the ground.
"Untolerate - the abyss, endure - the abyss." This is how the bogatyr Savely thinks, and this simple but wise folk philosophy leads him to rebellion. Under the word he invented, “Naddai!” the hated German manager is buried in the ground. And although Savely ends up in hard labor for this act, the beginning of his release has already been made. For the rest of his life, the grandfather will be proud that he, at least “branded, but not a slave!
But how does his life go on? He spent more than twenty years in hard labor, another twenty were taken away from the settlements. But even there, Savely did not give up, he worked, he was able to raise money, and, returning to his homeland, he built himself and his family a hut. And yet his life is not allowed to end peacefully: while his grandfather had money, he enjoyed the love of his family, and when they ended, he met with dislike and ridicule. The only consolation for him, as well as for Matryona, is Demushka. He sits on the old man's shoulder "like an apple in the top of an old apple tree." But a terrible thing happens: through his, Savely, the fault of the grandson dies. And it was this event that broke the man who went through the whips and hard labor. The grandfather will spend the rest of his life in a monastery and wandering, praying for the remission of sins. That is why Nekrasov calls him Holy Russian, showing another feature inherent in all the people: deep, sincere religiosity. "One hundred and seven years" lived grandfather Saveliy, but longevity did not bring him happiness, and strength, as he bitterly recalls, "left over trifles."
In the poem “To whom it is good to live in Russia”, Savely embodies precisely this, deeply hidden power of the Russian peasant and his enormous, although not yet realized, potential. It is worth waking up the people, convincing them to give up humility for a while, and then they will win happiness for themselves, that's what Nekrasov says with the help of the image of the hero Savely.
Artwork test
Essay on literature. Saveliy - Holy Russian hero
One of the main characters of Nekrasov's poem “Who Lives Well in Russia” - Savely - the reader will recognize when he is already an old man who has lived a long and difficult life. The poet draws a colorful portrait of this amazing old man:
With a huge gray mane,
Tea, twenty years uncut,
With a big beard
Grandpa looked like a bear
Especially, as from the forest,
Bending down, he left.
Savely's life turned out to be very difficult, fate did not spoil him. In his old age, Savely lived in the family of his son, father-in-law Matryona Timofeevna. It is noteworthy that grandfather Saveliy does not like his family. Obviously, all household members do not have the best qualities, and an honest and sincere old man feels this very well. In his native family, Saveliy is called “branded, convict”. And he himself, not at all offended by this, says: “Branded, but not a slave.
It is interesting to observe how Saveliy is not averse to playing a trick on his family members:
And they will annoy him hard -
Jokes: “Look
Matchmakers to us!” Unmarried
Cinderella - to the window:
but instead of matchmakers - beggars!
From a tin button
Grandfather fashioned two kopecks,
Threw up on the floor -
Father-in-law got caught!
Not drunk from drinking -
The beaten one dragged on!
What does this relationship between the old man and his family indicate? First of all, it is striking that Saveliy is different both from his son and from all relatives. His son does not possess any exceptional qualities, does not shun drunkenness, is almost completely devoid of kindness and nobility. And Savely, on the contrary, is kind, smart, outstanding. He eschews his household, apparently, he is disgusted by pettiness, envy, malice, characteristic of his relatives. Old man Savely is the only one in her husband's family who was kind to Matryona. The old man does not hide all the hardships that have fallen to his lot:
“Oh, the share of Holy Russian
Homemade hero!
He's been bullied all his life.
Time will reflect
About death - hellish torments
In the other world they are waiting.”
Old man Savely is very freedom-loving. It combines qualities such as physical and mental strength. Savely is a real Russian hero who does not recognize any pressure on himself. In his youth, Savely had remarkable strength, no one could compete with him. In addition, life used to be different, the peasants were not burdened with the hardest duty to pay dues and work off corvée. Savely says:
We did not rule corvee,
We didn't pay dues
And so, when it comes to judgment,
We will send once in three years.
In such circumstances, the character of the young Savely was tempered. Nobody pressured her, nobody made her feel like a slave. In addition, nature itself was on the side of the peasants:
Dense forests all around,
Swamps all around,
Not a horse ride to us,
Not a foot pass!
Nature itself protected the peasants from the invasion of the master, the police and other troublemakers. Therefore, the peasants could live and work in peace, not feeling someone else's power over them.
When reading these lines, fairy-tale motifs are recalled, because in fairy tales and legends people were absolutely free, they controlled their own lives.
The old man tells how the peasants dealt with the bears:
We were only concerned
Bears... yes with bears
We got along easily.
With a knife and with a horn
I myself am scarier than the elk,
Along the reserved paths
I go: “My forest!” - I scream.
Saveliy, like a real fairy tale hero, claims his rights to the forest surrounding him. It is the forest - with its untrodden paths, mighty trees - that is the real element of the hero Savely. In the forest, the hero is not afraid of anything, he is the real master of the silent kingdom around him. That is why in old age he leaves his family and goes into the forest.
The unity of the bogatyr Savely and the nature around him seems undeniable. Nature helps Savely to become stronger. Even in old age, when years and hardships have bent the old man's back, you still feel remarkable strength in him.
Savely tells how, in his youth, his fellow villagers managed to deceive the master, to hide the wealth from him. And although we had to endure a lot for this, no one could reproach people for cowardice and lack of will. The peasants were able to convince the landowners of their absolute poverty, so they managed to avoid complete ruin and enslavement.
Savely is a very proud person. This is felt in everything: in his attitude to life, in his steadfastness and courage with which he defends his own. When he talks about his youth, he recalls how only weak-minded people surrendered to the master. Of course, he himself was not one of those people:
Excellently fought Shalashnikov,
And not so hot great Incomes received:
Weak people gave up
And the strong for the patrimony
They stood well.
I also endured
He hesitated, thinking:
“Whatever you do, dog son,
And you won't knock out your whole soul,
Leave something!”
Old man Savely bitterly says that now there is practically no self-respect left in people. Now cowardice, animal fear for oneself and one's well-being and lack of desire to fight prevail:
Those were the proud people!
And now give a crack -
Corrector, landowner
Drag the last penny!
Savely's young years passed in an atmosphere of freedom. But peasant freedom did not last long. The master died, and his heir sent a German, who at first behaved quietly and imperceptibly. The German gradually became friends with the entire local population, little by little he observed peasant life.
Gradually, he got into the confidence of the peasants and ordered them to drain the swamp, then cut down the forest. In a word, the peasants came to their senses only when a magnificent road appeared along which it was easy to get to their godforsaken place.
And then came the hardship
Korean peasant -
thread ravaged
The free life was over, now the peasants fully felt all the hardships of a servile existence. Old man Saveliy speaks of people's long-suffering, explaining it by the courage and spiritual strength of people. Only truly strong and courageous people can be so patient as to endure such mockery of themselves, and so generous as not to forgive such an attitude towards themselves.
And so we endured
That we are rich.
In that Russian heroism.
Do you think, Matryonushka,
The man is not a hero?
And his life is not military,
And death is not written for him
In battle - a hero!
Nekrasov finds amazing comparisons, speaking of people's long-suffering and courage. He uses the folk epos, speaking of heroes:
Hands twisted with chains
Legs forged with iron
Back ... dense forests
Passed on it - broke.
And the chest? Elijah the prophet
On it rattles-rides
On a chariot of fire...
The hero suffers everything!
Old man Savely tells how for eighteen years the peasants endured the arbitrariness of the German manager. Their whole life was now in the power of this cruel man. People had to work tirelessly. And every time the manager was dissatisfied with the results of the work, he demanded more. Constant bullying by the Germans causes the strongest indignation in the soul of the peasants. And once another portion of bullying made people commit a crime. They kill the German manager. When reading these lines, the thought of higher justice comes to mind. The peasants have already managed to feel absolutely powerless and weak-willed. Everything they held dear was taken from them. But after all, a person cannot be mocked with complete impunity. Sooner or later you will have to pay for your actions.
But, of course, the murder of the manager did not go unpunished:
Buoy-city, There I learned to read and write,
Until they decided us.
The solution came out: hard labor
And weave in advance ...
The life of Savely, the Holy Russian hero, after hard labor was very difficult. He spent twenty years in captivity, only closer to old age he was free. Savely's whole life is very tragic, and in old age he turns out to be the unwitting culprit in the death of his little grandson. This case once again proves that, despite all his strength, Savely cannot withstand hostile circumstances. He is just a plaything in the hands of fate.
Savely, Holy Russian bogatyr in the poem "Who in Russia should live well"
Laid out material: Finished Essays
Nekrasov found an original way to show the struggle of the peasants against the feudal lords at a new stage. He settles the peasants in a remote village, separated from the cities and villages by "dense forests", impassable swamps. In Korezhin, the oppression of the landowners was not clearly felt. Then he expressed himself only in the extortion of quitrent by Shalashnikov. When the German Vogel managed to deceive the peasants and pave the way with their help, all forms of serfdom appeared immediately and in full measure. Thanks to such a plot find, the author manages, using the example of only two generations, to reveal in a concentrated form the attitude of the peasants and their best representatives to the horrors of serfdom. This technique was found by the writer in the process of studying reality. Nekrasov knew the Kostroma region well. The poet's contemporaries noted the hopeless wilderness of this region.
The transfer of the scene of action of the main characters of the third part (and perhaps the entire poem) - Savely and Matryona Timofeevna - to the remote village of Klin, Korezhinskaya volost, Kostroma province, had not only psychological, but also huge political meaning. When Matryona Timofeevna came to the city of Kostroma, she saw: “There is a forged copper, exactly like Savely grandfather, a peasant of the square. - Whose monument? - "Susanina". The comparison of Savely with Susanin is of particular importance.
As established by the researcher A.F. Tarasov, Ivan Susanin was born in the same places ... He died, according to legend, forty kilometers from Bui, in the swamps near the village of Yusupov, where he brought the Polish invaders.
The patriotic deed of Ivan Susanin was used ... to elevate the "house of the Romanovs", to prove the support of this "house" by the people... At the request of official circles, M. Glinka's wonderful opera "Ivan Susanin" was renamed "A Life for the Tsar". In 1351, a monument to Susanin was erected in Kostroma, on which he is shown kneeling in front of the bust of Mikhail Romanov, towering on a six-meter column.
Having settled his rebellious hero Savely in the Kostroma "korezhina", in the homeland of Susanin ... the original patrimony of the Romanovs, identifying ... Savely with Susanin, Nekrasov showed who the Kostroma "korezhina" Russia would actually give birth to, what Ivan Susanins really are, what it is like in general the Russian peasantry, ready for a decisive battle for liberation.
A.F. Tarasov draws attention to this fact. On the Kostroma monument, Susanin stands before the tsar in an uncomfortable position - kneeling. Nekrasov “straightened” his hero - “a man forged from copper stands in the square”, but he doesn’t even remember the figure of the king. This is how the political position of the writer manifested itself in the creation of the image of Savely.
Saveliy - Holy Russian hero. Nekrasov reveals the heroism of nature at three stages of character development. At first, grandfather is among the peasants - Korezians (Vetluzhins), whose heroism is expressed in overcoming the difficulties associated with wildlife. Then the grandfather steadfastly endures the monstrous flogging to which the landowner Shalashnikov subjected the peasants, demanding dues. Talking about spankings, grandfather was most proud of the stamina of the peasants. They beat me hard, they beat me for a long time. And although the peasants "tongues got in the way, their brains were already shaking, they were tearing up in their heads," they nevertheless took home quite a few, "not knocked out" money by the landowner. Heroism - in stamina, and endurance, in resistance. “The arms are twisted with chains, the legs are forged with iron ... the hero endures everything.”
Children of nature, workers hardened in battle with harsh nature and freedom-loving natures - this is the source of their heroism. Not blind obedience, but conscious stability, not slavish patience, but persistent defense of one's interests. It is understandable why he indignantly condemns those who "...give a slap to the police officer, the landowner is being dragged away with the last penny!"
Savely was the instigator of the murder of the German Vogel by the peasants. Deep in the recesses of the old man's freedom-loving nature lay hatred for the enslaver. He did not set himself up, did not inflate his consciousness with theoretical judgments, did not expect a “push” from anyone. Everything happened by itself, at the behest of the heart.
"Give it up!" - I dropped the word
Under the word Russian people
They work friendly.
“Give it! Give!”
They gave it so much
That the hole didn't exist.
As you can see, the peasants not only “have axes for the time being!”, but they had an unquenchable fire of hatred. Coherence of actions is acquired, leaders are distinguished, words are established with which they “work” more amicably.
The image of the Holy Russian hero has one more charm-Ebo trait. The noble goal of the struggle and the dream of the bright joy of human happiness removed the rudeness of this "savage", protected his heart from bitterness. The old man called the boy Demu a hero. This means that the childish spontaneity, tenderness, sincerity of a smile are introduced by him into the concept of "hero". The grandfather saw in the child a source of special love for life. He stopped shooting squirrels, began to love every flower, hurried home to laugh, to play with Demushka. That is why Matrena Timofeevna not only saw in the image of Savely a patriot, a fighter (Susanin), but also a hearty sage, able to understand much better than statesmen can. A clear, deep, truthful thought of the grandfather was clothed in "okay" speech. Matryona Timofeevna does not find an example for comparison with how Savely can speak (“If the merchants of Moscow, the nobles of the sovereign, happen, the tsar himself happens: it would not be necessary to speak more smoothly!”).
The conditions of life ruthlessly tested the heroic heart of the old man. Exhausted in the struggle, exhausted by suffering, the grandfather “overlooked” the boy: the pigs killed their favorite Demushka. The heart wound was aggravated by the cruel accusation of "unrighteous judges" of the grandfather's cohabitation with Matryona Timofeevna and of deliberate murder. Grandfather endured the irreparable grief painfully, then “he lay hopeless for six days, then he went into the forests, grandfather sang so much, grandfather cried so much that the forest groaned! And in the fall he went to repentance in the Sand Monastery.
Did the rebel find solace behind the walls of the monastery? No, after three years he again came to the sufferers, to the world. Dying, one hundred and seven years old, grandfather does not give up the fight. Nekrasov carefully removes words and phrases from the manuscript that are not in harmony with the rebellious appearance of Savely. The Holy Russian hero is not devoid of religious ideas. He prays at the grave of Demushka, he advises Matryona Timofeev: “There is nothing to argue with God. Become! Pray for Demushka! God knows what he's doing." But he prays "... for the poor Demu, for all the suffering Russian peasantry."
Nekrasov creates an image of great generalizing significance. The scale of thought, the breadth of Savely's interests - for all the suffering Russian peasantry - make this image majestic, symbolic. This is a representative, an example of a certain social environment. It reflects the heroic, revolutionary essence of the peasant character.
In the draft manuscript, Nekrasov first wrote and then crossed out: “I pray here, Matryoushka, I pray for the poor, the loving, for all the Russian priesthood and I pray for the tsar.” Of course, tsarist sympathies, faith in the Russian priesthood, characteristic of the patriarchal peasantry, manifested themselves in this man along with hatred for the enslavers, that is, for the same tsar, for his support - the landowners, for his spiritual servants - the priests. It is no coincidence that Savely, in the spirit of a popular proverb, expressed his critical attitude with the words: "High is God, far is the king." And at the same time, the dying Savely leaves a farewell testament embodying the contradictory wisdom of the patriarchal peasantry. One part of his will breathes hatred, and he, says Matryona Timofeev-pa, confused us: “Do not plow, not this peasant! Hunched behind the yarn behind the canvases, peasant woman, do not sit! It is clear that such hatred is the result of the activity of a fighter and avenger, whose whole heroic life gave him the right to say words worthy of being carved on the “marble plaque at the entrance to hell”, created by Russian tsarism: “There are three paths for men: a tavern, a jail, yes penal servitude, and women in Russia have three loops.
Bogatyr Holy Russian". I would put an epigraph to a separate topic Savelia his words: "Branded ... are also occupied by people's defenders. This is “ heroes Holy Russian", such as Savely, together with other men, raised ...
The poem “To whom it is good to live in Russia” is the result of all the work of N.A. Nekrasov. It was conceived "about the people and for the people" and was written from 1863 to 1876. The author considered his work "an epic of modern peasant life." In it, Nekrasov asked himself the question: did the abolition of serfdom bring happiness to the peasantry? To find the answer, the poet sends seven men on a long journey across Russia in search of at least one lucky man.
On their way, wanderers meet many faces, heroes, destinies. Savely becomes one of the people they meet. Nekrasov calls him "the hero of the Holy Russian." Travelers see an old man in front of them, "with a huge gray mane, ... with a huge beard", "he has already turned, According to fairy tales, a hundred years." But, despite his age, this man felt great strength and power: “... will he straighten up? The bear will punch a hole in the light room with its head!
This strength and power, as the wanderers later learned, manifested itself not only in Savely's appearance. They are, first of all, in his character, inner core, moral qualities.
The son often called Savely a convict and "branded". To which this hero always replied: “Branded, but not a slave!” Love of freedom, the desire for internal independence - that's what made Saveliy a real "Holy Russian" hero.
Why did this hero go to hard labor? In his youth, he revolted against the German manager sent by the landowner to their village. Vogel made it so that "hard labor came to the Korezsky peasant - Ruined to the bone!" At first, the whole village endured. In this, Savely sees the heroism of the Russian peasant in general. But what is his wealth? In patience and endurance - for seventeen years the peasants endured the yoke of Vogel:
And it bends, but does not break,
Doesn't break, doesn't fall...
Really not a hero?
But soon the peasant's patience came to an end:
It happened, I lightly
Pushed him with his shoulder
Then another pushed him
And third...
Popular anger, having received a push, like an avalanche, fell on the monster-manager. The peasants buried him alive in the ground, in the same hole that he ordered the peasants to dig. Nekrasov, thus, shows here that the patience of the people comes to an end. Moreover, despite the fact that patience is a national character trait, it must have its limits. The poet calls to start fighting for the improvement of his life, for his destiny.
For the crime committed, Savely and other peasants were exiled to hard labor. But before that, they were kept in prison, where the hero learned to read and write, and were flogged with whips. But Saveliy does not even consider this a punishment: “They didn’t tear it out - they anointed it, There’s a bad rag there!”
The hero escaped from hard labor several times, but he was returned and punished. Saveliy spent twenty years in strict penal servitude, twenty years in settlements. Returning home, he built his own house. It would seem that now you can live and work in peace. But is this possible for Russian peasants? Nekrasov shows that he is not.
Already at home with Savely, probably the most terrible event happened, worse than twenty years of hard labor. The old hero did not look after his great-grandson Demushka, and the pigs ate the boy. This sin Savely could not forgive himself until the end of his life. He felt guilty before Demushka's mother, and before all people, and before God.
After the death of the boy, the hero almost settled on his grave, and then completely went to the monastery to atone for his sins. It is the last part of Savely's life that explains the definition that Nekrasov gives him - "Holy Russian". The poet sees great strength, the invincibility of the Russian man precisely in morality, the inner core of a simple peasant, largely based on faith in God.
But better than Savely himself, no one, probably, will tell about his fate and fate. Here is how the old man himself evaluates his life:
Oh, the share of Holy Russian
Homemade hero!
He's been bullied all his life.
Time will reflect
About death - hellish torments
In the next worldly life they are waiting.
In the image of Saveliy, the Holy Russian hero, the enormous forces of the Russian people, their powerful potential, are embodied. This is expressed both in the physical appearance of the hero, and in his inner purity, love of freedom, pride. However, it is worth noting that Savely has not yet decided on a complete rebellion, on a revolution. In anger, he buries Vogel, but in his words, especially at the end of his life, humility sounds. Moreover, Savely believes that torment and suffering will await him not only in this life, but also in the next world.
That is why Nekrasov places his revolutionary hopes on Grisha Dobroskolonov, who must understand the potential of such Savelis and raise them to the revolution, lead to a better life.
Many destinies pass before the eyes of the wanderers of the poem by N.A. Nekrasov, who set off to look for the happy ones. The image and characterization of Saveliy in the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia” are multifaceted and versatile. The bogatyr Savely the Holy Russian appears in reality. It is easy to describe, but difficult to understand.
Hero's appearance
The reader gets to know the character when he is already many years old. In total, Savely lived 107 years. It is difficult to imagine what he was like in his youth, but old age did not hide his heroic physique. The appearance of the old man is similar to the king of the northern forests - the bear:
- a large gray mane (mop of hair) that has not been touched by scissors for more than 20 years;
- big beard;
- arched back.
Saveliy compared himself to a village well
... I look like an ochep.
Such a comparison is surprisingly true: a strong century-old building with crystal clear water.
character trait
Wanderers learn about Savely from the story of Matryona Korchagina. Savely is her husband's grandfather. In the image of a hero, several types of a simple Russian person were combined. The main feature is heroism. The Holy Russian hero has tremendous power, he protects the country, the people. But Savely is not a warrior:
"... his life is not military, and death is not written for him in battle ...".
Grandfather Savely is a true Christian. He rests on faith, prays for his fate and for the entire peasant country. The author does not make the character fabulous, he is real and terribly sinful. There are 2 human deaths on it: a German manager and a child. Grandfather is literate and sharp-tongued. This is an amazing feature of the Russian people. Proverbs, sayings, songs, prophecies saturate and decorate Savely's speech. A simple Holy Russian peasant is similar to the heroes of Ancient Russia and to the saints who walk freely on the earth.
The fate of the hero
Savely lived a long life, it is clear that there were many events in it. He did not tell Matryona everything, but what he said was enough for the reader to accept him, and a strong woman fell in love. Grandfather lived in the village of Karezhin, where the landowners and administrators could not reach. The peasants sent rare dues and corvee. But the German outwitted the peasants. He turned the life of freedom-loving peasants into hard labor. The man did not last long. They buried Vogel alive. Savely pushed the manager to the pit, uttered one word:
"Nadday"
Comrades silently supported. This episode confirms the desire of the Russian people to get rid of slavery and speaks of respect for the old man. Savely survived the whip. 20 years of hard labor, the same amount of settlement. The man makes escapes and again falls under the beatings.
A peasant in hard labor managed to accumulate money. How can a person think about the future in such unbearable conditions? This is unknown to the author. He returned to his relatives, but they treated him well as long as there was money. The heart of the hero turned to stone from grief. It was only the attitude of little Demushka, the son of Matryona, that melted him. But here, too, fate played a cruel joke: the old man overslept the child,
"... fed to pigs ...".
From grief for his sin, Savely goes to the monastery for repentance. He asks God for forgiveness and begs for softening of the mother's heart. The old man's death was just as long as his life: he fell ill, did not eat, dwindled and became sick.
The character of the hero of the poem
Savely has a lot of positive things, which is why the author describes the character through the mouth of a woman. He was the only one from her husband's family who accepted her and took pity on her. The old man knows how to joke, humor and sarcasm help him not to notice the cruelty of his relatives. He grins like a rainbow, laughing not only at others, but also at himself. A good soul hides and is not open to everyone.
Strong male character. Many who were close to Savely could not stand the hardships. They gave up. Savely stood to the end, did not retreat, "endured". He tries to compare the whips: some "fighted" painfully, others badly. Savely could stand under the rods and not frown. The peasant's skin was hardened, it lasted for a hundred years.
Freedom. Grandfather does not want to be a slave:
"... branded, but not a slave!".
Pride. The old man does not tolerate humiliation and insults towards himself. He admires past generations.
Bravery. Savely went to the bear with a knife and a horn. When one day he stepped on a sleeping bear in the forest, he did not run away, but began to fight with her. The hero raises a mighty beast on a horn. There was a crunch in the man's back, but until old age he did not bend from pain.
A simple Russian peasant stands out among other heroes. He knows how to distinguish true kindness from lies and deceit. His character is strong. The grandfather does not argue over trifles, does not associate with stupid people, does not try to re-educate relatives. Hard labor for him takes on a broader meaning - this is his whole life.
Savely believes that all Russian men are heroes, they are patient and wise. The old man regrets that he lost his strength under the rods and sticks. The heroic prowess diverges in trifles, but it could change the whole of Russia, return liberty to the peasant, bring happiness.