Literature lesson

Topic: Analysis of the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin "Boris Godunov".

The role of linguistic means in the depiction of the chronicler Pimen.

Lesson Objectives:

educational : deepening and practical application of knowledge of artistic means of language expressiveness. The ability to determine the main idea of ​​the text.

Educational : to cultivate a patriotic attitude towards their homeland.

Educational : to introduce seventh graders to one of the musical genres of opera

Equipment: application of ICT. (View and evaluate student projects)

During the classes.

"One last word..."

In a narrow monastery cell,

In four blank walls

About the land of ancient Russian

The story was written by a monk.

N.P. Konchalovskaya.

I,Preparation for the perception of new material.

With these words, I want to begin work on the greatest artistic creation of A.S. Pushkin - the historical folk drama-tragedy "Boris Godunov". It was created about the period of Russian history called the Time of Troubles.

The message of "historians" showing the presentation. Application No. 1

So we see that for 14 years Russia was ruled by 4 kings, several uprisings broke out, a civil war broke out, intervention from Poland and Sweden began. Russia could lose its independence, cease to exist as an independent state.

And only thanks to the heroic efforts of the Russian people, the patriotic activities of Minin and Pozharsky, Russia managed to maintain statehood.

This topic has been and is still interested in Russian society, starting with N.M. Karamzin, A.S. Pushkin, Favorsky, M. Mussorgsky, F. Chaliapin and other artists.

The report of "literary critics" about N.M. Karamzin and his work "History of the Russian State" with a presentation. Application №2

The History of the Russian State (first volumes) was published in 1818. At this time, A.S. Pushkin graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Within a month, all volumes were sold out in bookstores.

“Ancient Russia seemed to have been found by Karamzin, just as America was found by Columbus. For some time they did not talk about anything else, ”wrote A.S. Pushkin.

Karamzin the historiographer dwelled on the events of the Time of Troubles, the beginning of the 17th century, writing X, XI volumes, dedicating them to the reign of Boris Godunov

Continuation of the work of "literary critics" with a presentation of "Mikhailovskoe". Application number 3.

Why did Pushkin need w y s e l, it was necessary to create a work of art about the Time of Troubles?

In resolving this issue, the lines from the poem by A.S. will again help us. Pushkin "Elegy" (1830):

... But I do not want, oh others, to die;

I want to live in order to think and suffer.

And I know I will enjoy.

Between sorrows, worries and anxiety:

Sometimes I'll get drunk again with harmony,

Above fiction I'm shedding tears...

Which word of interest to us in the lesson today met in a poem? (Fiction)

Tell me, have you ever cried over a history book?

What about works of literature?

Why?

Why didn't Pushkin write down the moral lessons of the drama-tragedy in the form of a memo - briefly, clearly, read it, memorized it?

II. Work on the scene “Night. Cell in the Miracle Monastery.

Expressive reading-staging. (Monologue of Pimen and Gregory.)

What style is the text? Why? What is characteristic of the artistic style? (images)

What images did you see in the first monologues of Pimen and Gregory? (filling in the left side of the table "Images")

Idea-figurative level

What artistic means of expression does A.S. Pushkin to create the image of the chronicler Pimen?

Filling in the table "Stylistic level".

stylistic level.

Art style. The image of the chronicler Pimen.

In what period of life is Pimen depicted?

What do we learn about Pimen from his first monologue? (Pimen writes a chronicle. And he defines this work as the fulfillment of a duty bequeathed by God.

The work bequeathed by God is done

Me, a sinner.

How does Grigory see Pimen?

Pimen - monk, chronicler. He surveys the rest of the characters, their actions, deeds, motives of behavior from a moral, righteous height. Pay attention to the assessment given by the chronicler (in dialogue with Gregory) to the three kings whom he knew personally. What? To whom?

(Ivan the Terrible

About Fedor Ivanovich

About Boris Godunov

What, according to the chronicler Pimen, should be the attitude of the people towards the kings

What does Pimen teach the young monk, realizing that his “candle is burning out”?

Do you agree with Gregory's assessment of the chronicler monk?

And the final question:

We fill in the left part of the table "Ideological-figurative level".

To the epigraph of the lesson: The great deed of the chroniclers is to leave to the Orthodox descendants the annals of the Orthodox people.

III.Summing up the lesson.

No matter how cruel Russian history appears in the works of A. Pushkin. we must not forget the poet's confession: “Although I am personally cordially attached to the sovereign, I am far from delighted with everything that I see around me; as a writer, they annoy me, as a person with prejudices, I am offended, but I swear on my honor that for nothing in the world I would not want to change my fatherland or have a different history than the history of our ancestors, such as God gave it to us.

There are eternal concepts in life: duty, honor, conscience, love for the Motherland - patriotism. There are eternal images in literature, among them the chronicler Pimen. There are eternal works. Among them is the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin "Boris Godunov". This is a classic. They will live forever.

In December, the Bolshoi Theater will host Modest Mussorgsky's opera Boris Godunov in four acts.

A message showing the presentation of "art critics". Presentation “Opera “Boris Godunov”. Annex No. 4.

Listening to Pimen's aria in MP3 "Scene in the cell of the Chudov Monastery".

IV.Homework: write an essay about the chronicler Pimen on the topic “One more, last story ...”

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Municipal budgetary educational institution secondary school No. 8

Cities of Konakovo

Abstract

Open Literature Lesson in Grade 7

On the topic "The role of linguistic means in the image of the chronicler Pimen" (based on the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin "Boris Godunov")

MBOU secondary school №8 Konakovo

Kovalenko Inna Gennadievna

2011.

City of Konakovo, Tver region, st. Energetikov, 38

Literature lesson

Topic: Analysis of the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin "Boris Godunov".

The role of linguistic means in the depiction of the chronicler Pimen.

Lesson Objectives:

educational: deepening and practical application of knowledge of artistic means of language expressiveness. The ability to determine the main idea of ​​the text.

Educational : to cultivate a patriotic attitude towards their homeland.

Educational : to introduce seventh graders to one of the musical genres of opera

Equipment : application of ICT. (View and evaluate student projects)

During the classes.

"One last word..."

In a narrow monastery cell,

In four blank walls

About the land of ancient Russian

The story was written by a monk.

N.P. Konchalovskaya.

I, Preparation for the perception of new material.

Teacher.

With these words, I want to begin work on the greatest artistic creation of A.S. Pushkin - the historical folk drama-tragedy "Boris Godunov". It was created about the period of Russian history called the Time of Troubles.

The message of "historians" showing the presentation. Application No. 1

Teacher.

So we see that for 14 years Russia was ruled by 4 kings, several uprisings broke out, a civil war broke out, intervention from Poland and Sweden began. Russia could lose its independence, cease to exist as an independent state.

And only thanks to the heroic efforts of the Russian people, the patriotic activities of Minin and Pozharsky, Russia managed to maintain statehood.

This topic has been and is still interested in Russian society, starting with N.M. Karamzin, A.S. Pushkin, Favorsky, M. Mussorgsky, F. Chaliapin and other artists.

The report of "literary critics" about N.M. Karamzin and his work "History of the Russian State" with a presentation. Application №2

Teacher.

The History of the Russian State (first volumes) was published in 1818. At this time, A.S. Pushkin graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Within a month, all volumes were sold out in bookstores.

“Ancient Russia seemed to have been found by Karamzin, just as America was found by Columbus. For some time they did not talk about anything else, ”wrote A.S. Pushkin.

Karamzin the historiographer dwelled on the events of the Time of Troubles, the beginning of the 17th century, writing X, XI volumes, dedicating them to the reign of Boris Godunov

Continuation of the work of "literary critics" with a presentation of "Mikhailovskoe". Application number 3.

Teacher.

Why, then, studying the "History of the Russian State", working in the book depositories of the Svyatogorsk monastery, knowingh i s t o r i c eabout the events and persons of the Time of Troubles, Pushkin needed w y s e l , it was necessary to create a work of art about the Time of Troubles?

In resolving this issue, the lines from the poem by A.S. will again help us. Pushkin "Elegy" (1830):

... But I do not want, oh others, to die;

I want to live in order to think and suffer.

And I know I will enjoy.

Between sorrows, worries and anxiety:

Sometimes I'll get drunk again with harmony,

Above fiction I'm shedding tears...

Which word of interest to us in the lesson today met in a poem?(Fiction)

Tell me, have you ever cried over a history book?

What about works of literature?(Yes, Mumu, Marusya from "Children of the Underground")

Why? (because works of literature affect not only our mind, but also feelings, make us experience what is happening to them together with the characters, learn something.)

But why should we learn from participants in the events of the 16th century? What do we, the people of the 21st century, care about them?Each person is connected with history, lives in it, which means that the experience of another person who had to be in the thick of things is also interesting to us).

Why didn't Pushkin write down the moral lessons of the drama-tragedy in the form of a memo - briefly, clearly, read it, memorized it?(Only having experienced their misadventures and joys together with the heroes, we can feel the need to learn these lessons.)

II. Work on the scene “Night. Cell in the Miracle Monastery.

Expressive reading-staging. (Monologue of Pimen and Gregory.)

Teacher.

What style is the text? Why? What is characteristic of the artistic style?(images)

What images did you see in the first monologues of Pimen and Gregory? (filling in the left side of the table "Images")

Idea-figurative level

What artistic means of expression does A.S. Pushkin to create the image of the chronicler Pimen?

Filling in the table "Stylistic level".

stylistic level.

Art style. The image of the chronicler Pimen.

In what period of life is Pimen depicted?(During the period when it is time for him to “rest”, “extinguish the candle”, he feels the proximity of his own death, i.e. he realizes that he will soon stand before the Almighty. This gives the extremities a special persuasiveness.)

What did Pimen go through before he found the true values? (Having known the insane fun of youth, fighting battles, noisy feasts, luxury and sly love of a woman, Pimen finds true values ​​in serving God.)

What do we learn about Pimen from his first monologue? (Pimen writes a chronicle. And he defines this work as the fulfillment of a duty bequeathed by God.

The work bequeathed by God is done

Me, a sinner.

How does Grigory see Pimen?(“How I love his calm look, / / ​​When, immersed in the past with his soul, / / ​​He keeps his chronicle.” On his high forehead ... you can’t read hidden thoughts, he looks humble, majestic; he calmly sees. These definitions expressed Pushkin’s desire reflect the typical traits of Russian poets-chroniclers he loves.The humble, majestic appearance of a righteous man, a monk is also depicted on icons, in the appearance of saints there is strictness, concentration, spiritual enlightenment. "He calmly looks at the right and the guilty").

Pimen - monk, chronicler. He surveys the rest of the characters, their actions, deeds, motives of behavior from a moral, righteous height. Pay attention to the assessment given by the chronicler (in dialogue with Gregory) to the three kings whom he knew personally. What? To whom?

(To Ivan the Terrible . Despite the fact that Ivan the Terrible has many cruel crimes on his account, Pimen appreciates in him the desire for church repentance for his deeds and with obvious sympathy and compassion perceives the mood of the “terrible king”, tired of angry thoughts and executions, dreaming of accepting the schema and humble prayers in the monastery.

“And sweetly his speech flowed from his lips ...”

About Fedor Ivanovich. Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, the eldest son of Ivan the Terrible, evokes a special warm feeling in Pimen with his humility (one of the main Christian virtues), spiritual holiness, and passion for prayers. For this, the Lord, according to the chronicler, loved both the humble autocrat and Holy Russia. “And Russia with him in serene glory / / Consoled ...” The death of Fyodor Ivanovich is depicted as the death of a saint.

About Boris Godunov. Suddenly, the intonation of the monk-chronicler changes sharply when he speaks of the current king. His speech becomes both mournful and accusatory. The verdict of the earthly court is united with the heavenly one. This is a sentence to the villain - the regicide and the people responsible for the accession of the criminal: "Oh terrible, unprecedented grief!// We have angered God, we have sinned // We have called the regicide our Lord // We called it.")

What, according to the chronicler Pimen, should be the attitude of the people towards the kings? (For labors, for glory, for goodness - remembrance; for sins, for dark deeds - a prayer to the Savior for admonishing the king.

What does Pimen teach the young monk, realizing that his “candle is burning out”?(Symbol: a burnt out candle is the end of life. " Without further ado - do not be self-willed, do not bring your personal will into what is being described. "All that you will witness in life // War and peace, the rule of sovereigns, / / ​​Holy miracles of saints ... "")

Do you agree with Gregory's assessment of the chronicler monk?(Grigory Otrepyev was mistaken that Pimen, working on the chronicle, “calmly looks at the right and the guilty, Listening to good and evil indifferently, Knowing neither pity nor anger.” The chronicler, as a citizen of his fatherland, a true patriot is not indifferent to the fate of the country.

And the final question:

What is the purpose of the Pimen Chronicle? What does the chronicler see as his destiny?

(To tell posterity the truth of history.

Yes (let) the descendants of the Orthodox know

Native land past fate).

We fill in the left part of the table "Ideological-figurative level".

To the epigraph of the lesson:The great deed of the chroniclers is to leave to the Orthodox descendants the annals of the Orthodox people.

III. Summing up the lesson.

No matter how cruel Russian history appears in the works of A. Pushkin. we must not forget the poet's confession: “Although I am personally cordially attached to the sovereign, I am far from delighted with everything that I see around me; as a writer, they annoy me, as a person with prejudices, I am offended, but I swear on my honor that for nothing in the world I would not want to change my fatherland or have a different history than the history of our ancestors, such as God gave it to us.

There are eternal concepts in life: duty, honor, conscience, love for the Motherland - patriotism. There are eternal images in literature, among them the chronicler Pimen. There are eternal works. Among them is the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin "Boris Godunov". This is a classic. They will live forever.

In December, the Bolshoi Theater will host Modest Mussorgsky's opera Boris Godunov in four acts.

A message showing the presentation of "art critics". Presentation “Opera “Boris Godunov”. Annex No. 4.

Listening to Pimen's aria in MP3 "Scene in the cell of the Chudov Monastery".

IV. Homework: write an essay about the chronicler Pimen on the topic “One more, last story ...”

Slides captions:

Boris Godunov. Boris Fedorovich Godunov (1551 - 1605) - Tsar of Russia from 1598 to 1605, boyar. Boris Godunov was born in Moscow in 1551. He married, in 1580 became a boyar, gradually took an important position among the nobility. After the death of Ivan the Terrible in 1584, together with Belsky, he announced the death of the sovereign to the people. When Fyodor Ivanovich became the new tsar, an important role in the council was occupied in the biography of Boris Godunov. Since 1587, he was the actual ruler, since Tsar Fedor himself could not rule the country. Thanks to the activities of Godunov, the first patriarch was elected, a water supply system was built in Moscow, active construction began, and serfdom was established. After the death of the heir Dmitry and Tsar Fyodor, the dynasty of the Rurik rulers broke off. And on February 17, 1598, a very important event took place in the biography of Boris Godunov. At the Zemsky Sobor he was elected king. However, the terrible famine and crisis in the country in 1601-1602 shook the king's popularity. Soon riots began among the people. Then, if we consider a brief biography of Godunov, followed by the defeat of a small army of False Dmitry. Godunov's health gradually deteriorated, and on April 13, 1605, the tsar died.

Ivan the Terrible Ivan the Terrible (1530 -1584) - Grand Duke, Tsar of All Russia. In January 1547, a wedding ceremony took place in the biography of Ivan the Terrible, in which he took the royal title. Ivan the Terrible was a cruel ruler. After the Moscow uprising of 1547, the internal policy of Grozny, the country was run with the help of the Chosen Rada. In 1549, together with the Boyar Duma, he introduced a new collection of laws - the Sudebnik. In it, Grozny's policy regarding the peasants consisted in the fact that the communities were given the right to self-government, to restore order, to distribute taxes .. As for Grozny's foreign policy, he had to fight with the new Kazan Khan Safa Giray, 3 campaigns were undertaken .. For obedience Astrakhan kingdom, 2 campaigns were made. In addition, the foreign policy of Ivan the Terrible was based on wars with the Crimean Khanate, Sweden, and Livonia.

False Dmitry I. False Dmitry I - Tsar of Moscow in 1605 - 1606. In June 1605, the motley army of the impostor entered Moscow without hindrance. But the townspeople wished to make sure that the real Tsarevich Dmitry was in front of them, and demanded that Maria Nagoya meet > her son. False Dmitry, deftly played out the scene of a meeting > with his mother in front of a crowd of thousands. The frightened widow of Ivan the Terrible was confused - this was enough for those present to believe in the truth > . False Dmitry was proclaimed king. At first, the new tsar tried to flirt with the people, personally listened to all complaints and requests, canceled executions, and began to fight with extortions and bribes. But he forgot his main promise - to give complete freedom to the peasants. The young tsar did not consider Russian customs and traditions: he wore a Polish dress, walked the streets of Moscow without a retinue, did not pray before dinner, and did not wash his hands and did not sleep after dinner. The cup of patience was filled with the wedding of False Dmitry with the daughter of the Polish governor Marina Mniszek. The Poles invited to the wedding behaved defiantly: they entered the church without taking off their hats, laughed and talked loudly; beaten and robbed the inhabitants.

"The role of linguistic means in the depiction of the chronicler Pimen"

(based on the tragedy by A.S. Pushkin "Boris Godunov")

Tragedy drama by A.S. Pushkin “Boris Godunov is not studied deeply in the school curriculum. I believe that it contains the richest material for the implementation of many tasks facing the teacher of literature. This is work on the concepts of "historical truth" and "fiction", work on the language of the work, and most importantly - on the means of creating images.

Analyzing the “Scene in the Miracle Monastery”, working on the image of Pimen, one can very well show the role of lexical and syntactic means in depicting the main characters of this passage. Pupils of the 7th grade are already familiar with the methodology of working on the images of heroes and, at the stylistic level, cope with this work on their own. And this point in this lesson was done well.

I consider the decision to include Pimen's aria from M. Mussorgsky's opera "Boris Godunov" in the final part of the lesson a good moment. It was the final chord in understanding the role and significance of the image of the chronicler Pimen in the tragedy.

The work of the “art critics” group and their presentation “Opera “Boris Godunov” was also successful in this lesson. The connection of the lesson of literature with the lessons of the world artistic culture is simply necessary.

I consider the work of the “historians” group to be the weak link in the lesson. Although the historical digression was quite on topic (the merit of the students), but the form of its presentation could be different (omission of the teacher). Here, a comparative analysis of the images of historical figures taken from history textbooks and artistic images of the work of A.S. Pushkin would be possible and more justified.

In preparing for this lesson, she placed great emphasis on the educational moment associated with a sense of patriotism. Therefore, the emphasis of the entire lesson was on the activities of Pimen: “Yes (let) the descendants of the Orthodox native land know the past fate.” And also on the attitude of A.S. Pushkin to the history of his country. I think the guys will always remember the words of the writer that one can disagree with the policy of the autocrat, but the attitude towards the Motherland must be sacred.

The students were given a homework assignment to write an essay about the chronicler Pimen. Checking the work, I realized that I achieved the goal set before the lesson. The works expressed thoughts about the need for a deeper study of Russian history, about the desire to re-read the entire tragedy of A.S. Pushkin to the end independently. The children were also fascinated by their independence in choosing a topic for speaking at the lesson.

Teacher of Russian language and literature

MBOU secondary school №8 Konakovo Kovalenko I.G.

Old Pimen is one of the secondary characters in the famous tragedy "Boris Godunov" by A. S. Pushkin, written in 1825. However, this does not make it any less bright. The author collected this image of the “meek and humble old man” from N.M. Karamzin, as well as from the literature of the 16th century.

This hero is the monk-chronicler of the Chudov Monastery, the wisest and most respected elder, under whose command the young monk G. Otrepyev was.

Character characteristic

(People's Artist of the RSFSR Alexander Iosifovich Baturin as Pimen from the opera Boris Godunov)

The character of the elder Pimen, as the author himself admitted, is not his own invention. In it, the author combined the characteristic features of his favorite heroes from ancient Russian chronicles. Therefore, his hero has meekness, innocence, zeal, piety in relation to royal power (it was believed that it was given from God), wisdom. And although the author took quite a bit of space to characterize the old man, you can see how reverently he treats his hero. Pimen is not a simple warrior monk who is imbued with deep religious feelings. He is well educated and intelligent. In every event, the elder sees God's finger, therefore he never condemns anyone's actions. The hero also has some poetic gift, which connects him with the author himself - he writes a chronicle.

The image in the work

The hero of one of the scenes of the tragedy, old man Pimen, got a seemingly insignificant role. But this character performs an important function in the development of storylines, in the linkages of fundamental images and ideas. In the first picture, from the story of Shuisky, it becomes known about the regicide, which was committed in Uglich, the culprit of which is called Boris Godunov. However, Shuisky himself is an indirect witness who found “fresh traces” at the crime scene. Old Pimen is in fact the only real eyewitness among the other characters who personally saw the slaughtered Tsarevich Dimitri.

The fact of the death of the prince for Shuisky is trivial, like any other murder related to politics, because at that time there was no such thing. Pimen's assessment has a completely different tone. The old man is convinced that the sin of the murderer falls on everyone, for "we called the regicide our master."

(V.R. Petrov, opera "Boris Godunov", photographer and artist K.A., Fischer)

The words of the wise old man are far from being an ordinary moral assessment. Pimen really believes that the responsibility for the crime of one person falls on all of them.

Pimen does not even know about the consequences that this event will bring, but the monk has a unique ability - to anticipate trouble, which makes him humble and merciful. He encourages his descendants to be humble. It is here that the symmetrically opposite difference from the “court” of the Holy Fool, who refused Godunov to pray, manifests itself.

Pimen is trying to explain to Grigory Otrepyev that even for people like tsars, for whom life on earth seems to be in the best possible way, they cannot find their peace, and find it only in the schema. The story about Demetrius, in particular, the mention that he was the same age as Gregory, provokes an idea that determines the further development of events. Pimen makes Gregory an impostor, and without any intention of doing so. As a result of this fundamental vicissitudes, the plot of the work is pulled into its dramatic knot.

PIMEN - the monk-chronicler of the Chudov Monastery, the character of the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin "Boris Godunov" (1825), "the meek and humble elder", under whose command is the young monk Grigory Otrepyev, the future Pretender. The material for this image (as well as for others) Pushkin drew from N.M. Karamzin, as well as from epistolary and hagiographic literature of the 16th century. (For example, Pimen's story about the death of Fyodor Ioannovich is based on the work of Patriarch Job.) Pushkin wrote that Pimen's character was not his invention: "In him I collected features that captivated me in our old chronicles." To these features, the poet attributed touching meekness, innocence, something infantile and at the same time wise, zeal, piety in relation to the power of the king, given by God. Pimen is the hero of one scene, the fifth picture of the tragedy. His role is relatively small, but the function of this character in the development of the plot, in the chains of ideas, images is important and significant. The collision of the tragedy in the scene with Pimen receives significant clarification. From the story of Shuisky in the first picture, it is known about the regicide committed in Uglich, its culprit is named Boris Godunov. But Shuisky is an indirect witness, who found “fresh traces” at the scene. Pimen is the only eyewitness among the characters who saw with his own eyes the slaughtered prince, heard with his own ears how "the villains repented under the ax - and named Boris." For Shuisky, the death of Demetrius is trivial, like any political murder, of which there is no number. Vorotynsky also thinks in the same terms, although his reaction is more emotional: “Terrible villainy!” A completely different (in tone, in meaning) assessment of Pimen: “Oh terrible, unprecedented grief!” This grief is terrible and unprecedented because the sin of Boris falls on everyone, everyone turns out to be involved in it, for “we called the regicide lord to ourselves.” Pimen's words are not just a moral assessment, which cannot be denied to Godunov himself (pangs of conscience torment him too). Pimen judges existentially: the crime was committed by one person, and everyone must answer. Unprecedented grief is coming, going to Russia, "a real misfortune to the Moscow state." (One of the draft titles of Pushkin's tragedy is "A comedy about the real misfortune of the Moscow state ...".) Pimen does not yet know how this grief will manifest itself, but his foreboding makes the monk merciful. Therefore, he punishes the descendants to be humble: let them, remembering their kings, “for sins, for dark deeds, humbly beg the Savior.” Here we find a significant difference from the "court" of the Holy Fool, who refused to pray to Boris. The symmetry of these images, Pimen and Yurodivy, has long been noticed and studied, in particular, by V.M. Nepomniachtchi. However, the proximity of the characters does not mean that they equally express the "voice of the people", "the voice of God." Pushkin's realism lies in the fact that each of his characters has his own "voice". The dramaturgy of the scene in the cell of the Chudov Monastery is built on the contrast between the calmness of Pimen and the confusion of Gregory, whose “peace was disturbed by demonic dreams”. Throughout the whole scene, Pimen tries to convince Otrepyev of the futility of worldly comforts and the bliss of monastic service. However, his memories of a merrily spent youth, of noisy feasts and battles, only inflame Gregory's imagination. The story about Demetrius, especially the careless mention - "he would be your age," provokes a "wonderful thought" that will determine the further course of events. Pimen, as it were, turns Gregory into Pretenders, and quite unintentionally. In the theory of drama, such an action is called peripety (according to Aristotle, "the change of what is being done into the opposite"). As a result of the vicissitudes, the plot of the tragedy is dragged into a dramaturgical knot. In the opera M.P. Mussorgsky's "Boris Godunov" (1868-1872), the role of Pimen was expanded. The composer (and the author of the libretto) gave him the story of the Patriarch (the fifteenth picture of the tragedy - “The Royal Thought”) about the miraculous insight of the blind shepherd in front of the coffin of Tsarevich Dimitri. In the opera, this story follows after the scene with the holy fool (in the tragedy - in front of her) and becomes the final blow of fate punishing the child murderer. The most famous performers of the role of Pimen are I.V. Samarin (Maly Theatre, 1880), V.I. Kachalov (Moscow Art Theater, 1907); in the opera - V.R. Petrov (1905) and M.D. Mikhailov (1936).

Pimen(writes in front of a lamp)

One more last word -
And my chronicle is over,
Fulfilled the duty bequeathed by God
Me, a sinner. Not without reason for many years
The Lord made me a witness
And enlightened book art;
Someday a monk industrious
Will find my hard work, nameless,

He will light, like me, his lamp -
And, brushing off the dust of centuries from the charters,
Will rewrite true stories,
Yes, the descendants of the Orthodox know
Native land past fate,
They remember their great kings
For their labors, for glory, for good -
And for sins, for dark deeds
The Savior is humbly begged.
In my old age I live again,
The past passes before me
How long has it been full of events,
Worrying like a sea-okiyan?
Now it's silent and calm
A few faces my memory has preserved,
Few words reach me
And the rest perished irrevocably...
But the day is near, the lamp is burning down -
One more last word. (Writes.)

"Boris Godunov". Engraving by S. Galaktionov

Gregory(waking up)

All the same dream! is it possible? the third time!
Damned dream! .. And all in front of the lamp
The old man sits and writes - and drowsiness
He did not close his eyes all night long.

When, soul immersed in the past
He keeps his chronicle; and often
I wanted to guess what he writes about?
Is it about the dark dominion of the Tatars?
Is it about the executions of the fierce John?
Is it about the stormy Novogorodsky veche 2?
About the glory of the fatherland? in vain.
Neither on the high forehead, nor in the eyes
It is impossible to read his hidden thoughts;
All the same kind of humble, majestic.
So exactly the clerk 3, gray-haired in orders 4,
Calmly looks at the right and the guilty,
Listening indifferently to good and evil,
Knowing neither pity nor anger.

Pimen

Wake up brother?

Gregory

bless me
Honest father.

Pimen

God bless
You, today, and forever, and forever.

Gregory


You wrote everything and did not forget the dream,
And my peace is a demonic dream
I was worried, and the enemy troubled me.
I dreamed that the stairs were steep
She led me to the tower; from high
I saw Moscow as an anthill;
Below the people in the square were seething
And pointed at me with a laugh,
And I felt ashamed and scared -
And, falling headlong, I woke up ...
And three times I had the same dream.
Isn't it wonderful?

Pimen

Young blood plays;
Humble yourself with prayer and fasting,
And your dreams of light visions will be
Fulfilled. Until now - if I,
Weakened by involuntary drowsiness,
I will not make a long prayer for the night -
My old dream is not quiet and sinless,
I fancy those noisy feasts,
Now a military camp, then fighting battles,
Crazy fun of young years!

Gregory

How merrily you spent your youth!
You fought under the towers of Kazan,
You reflected the army of Lithuania under Shuisky,
You saw the court and the luxury of John!
Happy! and I am from adolescence
I wander through the cells, poor monk!
Why should I not amuse myself in battles,
Not to feast at the royal meal?
I would have had time, like you, in my old age
Stay away from the hustle and bustle,
Take the monastic vow
And shut up in a quiet abode.

Pimen

Do not complain, brother, that early sinful light
You left that few temptations
God sent you. Believe me:
We are captivated from afar by glory, luxury
And female sly love.
I have lived long and enjoyed much;
But since then I only know bliss,
How the Lord brought me to the monastery.
Think, son, about the great kings.
Who is above them? One God. Who dares
Against them? Nobody. But what? Often
The golden crown became heavy for him:
They changed it to a hood.
King John sought solace
In the likeness of monastic labors.
His palace, full of proud favorites,
The monastery took on a new look:
Kromeshniks in tafyas and hair shirts 6
The blacks were obedient,
And the formidable tsar is a humble abbot.
I saw here - in this very cell
(The long-suffering Cyril lived in it then,
Righteous husband. Then me too
God made me understand the insignificance
Worldly vanities), here I saw the king,
Tired of angry thoughts and executions.
Thoughtful, quietly sat between us Grozny,
We stood motionless in front of him,
And quietly he talked to us.
He spoke to the abbot 7 and the brothers:
"My fathers, the desired day will come,
I will stand here hungry for salvation.
You, Nicodemus, you, Sergius, you, Cyril,
All of you - vow 9, accept my spiritual:
I will come to you, damned criminal,
And here I will accept the schema 10 honestly,
At your feet, holy father, fall down.
Thus spoke the sovereign sovereign,
And sweet speech flowed from his mouth,
And he cried. And we prayed in tears
May the Lord send love and peace
His soul is suffering and stormy.
And his son Theodore? on the throne
He sighed for a peaceful life
Silent. He is the king's palace
Transformed into a prayer cell;
There are heavy, sovereign sorrows
The holy souls did not revolt him.
God loved the king's humility,
And Russia with him in serene glory
Consoled - and at the hour of his death
Make the moose an unheard-of miracle:
To his bed, the only visible king,
The husband appeared unusually bright,
And Theodore began to talk to him
And call the great patriarch.
And all around were seized with fear,
Understanding the heavenly vision,
Zane 11 the holy lord before the king
He was not in the temple then.
When he passed away, the chambers
Filled with holy fragrance
And his face shone like the sun -
We will never see such a king.
Oh terrible, unprecedented grief!
We have angered God, we have sinned:
Lord yourself a regicide
We named.

Gregory

For a long time, honest father,
I wanted to ask you about death
Demetrius Tsarevich; while
You, they say, were in Uglich.

Pimen

Oh, I remember!
God led me to see an evil deed,
Blood sin. Then I'm off to distant Uglich
On some obedience was sent;
I came at night. Morning at lunch hour
Suddenly I hear a ringing, they sounded the alarm,
Scream, noise. They run to the court of the queen.
I'm in a hurry to go there - and there is already the whole city.
I look: the slaughtered prince lies;
The queen mother is unconscious over him,
The nurse weeps in despair,
And then the people, frenzied, drag
Godless traitor mother...
Suddenly between them, ferocious, pale with anger
Is Judas Bityagovsky.
"Here, here is the villain!" - there was a general cry.
And suddenly he was gone. There are people
He rushed after the fleeing three murderers;
The hiding villains were captured
And they brought before the warm corpse of a baby,
And a miracle - suddenly the dead man trembled.
"Repent!" - the people yelled at them:
And in horror under the ax villains
They repented and named Boris.

Gregory

How old was the prince who was killed?

Pimen

Yes, seven years; he would now be -
(Ten years have already passed ... no, more:
Twelve years old) - he would be your age
And reigned; but God judged otherwise.
I will conclude this deplorable tale
I am my chronicle; since then I have little
I delved into the affairs of the world. Brother Gregory,
You enlightened your mind with a letter,
I give you my work. At the clock
Free from spiritual exploits,
Describe, without further ado,
All that you will witness in life:
War and peace, government of sovereigns,
Saints holy miracles,
Prophecies and signs of heaven -
And it's time for me, it's time to rest
And turn off the lamp... But they call
By morning ... bless, Lord,
Your slaves... give me a crutch, Gregory.
(Exits.)

Gregory

Boris, Boris! Everything trembles before you
No one dares to remind you
About the lot of the unfortunate baby, -
Meanwhile, a hermit in a dark cell
Here a terrible denunciation against you writes:
And you will not leave the court of the world,
How not to escape God's judgment.

Questions and tasks

1. Pushkin emphasizes: “The character of Pimen is not my invention. In it I collected the features that captivated me in our old chronicles: simplicity, touching meekness, something infantile and at the same time wise, zeal, one might say pious for the power of the king given to him by God, a complete absence of vanity, passion - breathe in these precious monuments times long past ... It seemed to me that this character all together was new and familiar to the Russian heart. How did the characters of Pimen and Gregory (the Pretender) manifest themselves in the scene “The Cell in the Miracle Monastery”?
2. What does Pimen remember about Grozny? What does the king call himself? Whom does the narrator oppose to Grozny?
3. Compare:

   Initial version of the text

   How I love his humble face,
   And a quiet look and important humility
   (And an important look and quiet humility,
   And a clear look and cold patience).

   final version of the text

   How I love his calm look,
   When, immersed in the past,
   He keeps his chronicle...

   Think about what the poet wanted to strengthen, clarify in the final version.

   Why did the author prefer the words “calm look” to the epithets “humble”, “quiet”, “clear”?

4. Why does Pushkin turn to folklore and Russian history?

Enrich your speech

1. Prepare for a dramatized reading of this short passage. Think about what intonations are required for each of the characters. Find at the end of the textbook a story about how Pushkin read Boris Godunov.
2. Make up a small dictionary of words and phrases typical of Pimen’s speech, for example: “sighed for a peaceful life”, “God loved humility”, “vow”, etc.
3. Many illustrations were created for the drama "Boris Godunov". Among the authors are famous Russian artists V. I. Surikov, V. A. Favorsky, V. G. Perov and others. Consider the drawings for the scene you read in class. Is this how you imagined the heroes and the cell?

   The scene "In Pimen's cell" is especially interestingly presented by the artist S. Galaktionov. This illustration appeared in 1827, with the first publication of Boris Godunov. According to art historians, it conveys the greatness of the spirit of the chronicler, the significance of what he does under the vaults of the cell. Do you agree with this judgment? Justify your answer.

   Prepare a short essay in the school newspaper "The works of A. S. Pushkin and illustrations for them in a textbook for grade 7."

1 Charter - old manuscript, document.
2 Veche - in Ancient Russia, a meeting of citizens.
3 Dyak - in ancient Russia, an official in charge of the affairs of an institution.
4 Order - an institution in the Muscovite state of the XVI-XVII centuries.
5 Fasting - according to church custom, prescription, refusal of meat and dairy food.
6 Kromshniks in tafyas and hair shirts - guardsmen (according to ancient concepts, sinners whose souls will be placed in hell after death) in yarmulkes (skullcaps) and coarse woolen clothes worn on a naked body.
7 Hegumen - the abbot of the monastery.
8 Hungry, hungry - strong desire.
9 A vow is a solemn promise, an obligation.
10 Schema - a monastic rank that imposes the most stringent rules.
11 Zane - because, since.

The idea of ​​Pimen is inseparable from the monastery cell - these are precisely the circumstances in which the character of the hero is revealed. The poet emphasized the impenetrability of the inner world of Pimen to those around him, the inaccessibility of his understanding and young Gregory, who often wanted to guess what he was writing about. The chronicler, bent over his work, reminds Gregory of the deacon, but the comparison is more external.

Psychologically, Pimen is completely different. No, he is not indifferent to what he is talking about, especially to "good and evil." For him, evil is evil, and good is the greatest human happiness. With pain, he tells Gregory about the Bloody Sin, which he witnessed. As "woe" Pimen perceives the "crowning" of Boris on the throne, which is contrary to the laws of God and man.

Pimen sees the highest purpose of the chronicler's life in telling posterity the truth of history.

Pimen, wise in life, finds true "bliss" in deep reflection, in his concentrated writing. The highest wisdom of life is contained for Pimen in his inspired work, filled with genuine poetry for him. A prose entry containing Pimen's heartfelt confession was preserved in the draft: "I am approaching the time when it should be entertaining for me." In his declining years, only one thing is "amusing" for Pimen: his "last tale." The peculiarity of the inner appearance of the chronicler is his majestic calmness. Majesty in the sacred work for Pimen, performed in the name of lofty goals. Dignity and greatness - from the consciousness of duty performed.

A living, integral, individual human character is an alloy of traits, sometimes unexpected, contradictory. The combination of seemingly incompatible qualities is noted by Pushkin in the chronicler: “something infantile and wise at the same time ...” In the draft, the last word was read as “dilapidated”. It seemed to the author, however, that it was important to highlight not so much the infirmity of the chronicler as his sophistication, combined with the immediacy of perception.

The image of the chronicler created in Pushkin's tragedy is a collective image of the poet of Ancient Russia, a type of poetic consciousness in general. The poet always acts as an echo of his time. And it was precisely this combination of the historically real and the poetically fictional that the author saw in Pimen: “It seemed to me that this character was all together new and familiar to the Russian heart.” "Znakom" - because there were many such chroniclers in Russia. "New" - because it was created by the imagination of the artist, who brought to this image a creative principle that was so close to him.

Image of the Pretender

Before us is the character of the hero, whose main quality is political adventurism. He lives endless adventures. This hero is followed by a whole string of names: Grigory, Grigory Otrepyev, Pretender, Demetrius, False Dimitri. He knows how to speak pathetically. Sometimes he, having started to play a role, enters into it so much that he himself begins to believe in his lie.

The impostor sincerely envies the moral purity of Prince Kurbsky. The clarity of the soul of Kurbsky, who is fighting for a just cause, and also avenging his offended father, causes the Pretender to realize that he himself is deprived of this precious property. A true patriot of the fatherland, inspired by the realization of a dream, Kurbsky and the Pretender, playing a role, insignificant in his egoistic aspirations - such is the contrast of characters.

On the eve of the battle on the Lithuanian border, remorse awakens in the Pretender:

Russian blood, O Kurbsky, will flow!

You raised the sword for the king, you are clean.

Well I'm leading you to the brothers; i Lithuania

Called to Russia, I'm in red Moscow

I show the enemies the cherished road! ..

The remorse of an unclean conscience needs to be silenced, and the Pretender finds a way to do this, laying the blame on Boris for what he does himself: “But let my sin fall not on me - but on you, Boris the regicide!” if in the mouth of the chronicler Pimen the accusation against Boris sounded like a sentence of conscience, the words of the Pretender about the crime of Godunov are only self-deception for the purpose of imaginary self-affirmation.

The impostor masterfully plays the role he has taken on, plays carelessly, without thinking about what this can lead to. Only once does he take off his mask: when he is captured by the feeling of love, he is no longer able to pretend:

No, it's enough for me to pretend! I will say

All truth...

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I lied to the world; but not for you, Marina,

Execute me; I am right in front of you.

No, I couldn't deceive you.

You were my only saint

Before her, I did not dare to pretend ...

“I couldn’t deceive…”, “I didn’t dare…” - The Pretender is capable of thoughtless frankness.

The character of the Pretender is not at all as simple as it might seem: different facets of him appear in different circumstances.