Outline summary works "In bad society"is impossible in a few simple sentences.

And why all? Because this work, which looks like a story, in essence “pulls” on a full-fledged story.

On the pages of Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko’s masterpiece, the reader will meet more than a dozen heroes and follow their fate, rich in twists and turns, over the course of a couple of months.

“In a Bad Society” by V. G. Korolenko - the history of creation

Many schoolchildren are interested in the question, how many pages are there in a work? The volume is small, only 70 pages.

Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko (1853-1921)

Vladimir Korolenko wrote the text “In Bad Society” while in exile in Yakutia (1881 – 1884). The writer finalized the book already in St. Petersburg, in 1885, while in a pre-trial detention center.

The opus, the genre of which was defined as a story, was published in the same year in the magazine “Russian Thought”.

The story was reprinted many times, and after several years it was changed and released under the title “Children of the Dungeon.” Today, the story, the meaning of the title and the theme of which - the hard life of the poor and disadvantaged - is recognized as the pinnacle of the writer’s work.

The main characters and their characteristics

The main character of the work is the boy Vasily. The child lives with his father in the South-Western region, in the town of Knyazhye-Veno.

The city, which was mainly inhabited by Poles and Jews, is described by the author so naturalistically that it is easy to recognize it as exactly the end of the 19th century.

The boy's mother died when the boy was only six. The father is bogged down with work. His profession is a judge, he is a respected and rich man. Immersed in work from grief, the father did not spoil the child with attention and care.

The boy could freely leave the house unaccompanied, so he often walked aimlessly around the city, keen on discovering its secrets and mysteries.

One of the city's mysteries is an old castle on a hill among ponds. Once this majestic structure was the residence of a real count, but now it is abandoned and gave shelter only to a group of beggars.

A conflict flares up between the inhabitants of the ruins; some of the beggars are thrown onto the street. The “winners” remain to live in the castle. This is old Janusz, who once served the count, a group of Catholics and several other former servants.

Expelled from the count's residence, the poor fellows "moved" to a basement not far from the abandoned chapel.

The head of this group of beggars calls himself Pan Tyburtsy. Pan is a mysterious and ambiguous person. Almost nothing is known about his past.

Some of his fellow sufferers consider him a wizard, others - an exiled impoverished nobleman.

Tyburtsy sheltered two orphans, Valka and his sister Marusya. Vasya meets both groups of beggars. Janusz invites the boy to visit, but the child is more interested in Marusya and Valk.

The old intelligent servant Janusz, with whom Vasya nevertheless maintains a relationship, reproaches the boy for his friendship with “bad society,” which he considers the second group of beggars to be.

Vasily thinks a lot about his unfortunate father, remembers his mother, and reflects on how he became close to his sister Sonya after the death of his parent.

Vasya and his friends head to the chapel to see Marusya and Valk. The children begin to be afraid of the mysterious place and run away in all directions without reaching it. Vasily enters an abandoned building alone and meets with Valk and Marusya. The orphans are glad to see the guest and invite him to come more often, but keep the meetings secret from the strict Master Tyburtsy, who is their adoptive father.

The main character comes to new friends as often as he can. At some point, Vasya notices that Marusya is feeling worse and worse. The girl's adoptive father is sure that her life is being sucked away by the gray stone. This is understandable; life in damp dungeons is unsafe for children.

Vasily sees how Valek is forced to steal a bun to bring it to his hungry, sick sister. The main character condemns the homeless boy for his wrong action, but there is pity in him stronger feelings justice.

The child is very sorry for Marusya, who is stricken with illness. Arriving home, Vasya cries.

Vasily completely accidentally encounters Pan Tyburtsy. The boy is a little scared, but the man and child very quickly find mutual language and become friends. The old servant Janusz from the castle complains to the judge about “bad society.”

Chapters 8 - 9

Marusya's health is deteriorating. Vasily often visits new friends.

In order to somehow please the sick girl, Vasya asks his sister to give him the doll. She gives it away without asking her father’s permission. Upon discovering the loss, the parent becomes angry.

Vasily cannot take the toy from the sick girl; she is delirious, clutching the doll to herself as a symbol of last hope. Vasya's father locks him at home.

After some time, the story with the doll ends. The toy is brought to Vasya’s house by... Pan Tyburtsy. The man says that Marusya gave her soul to God and tells Vasily’s father about the friendship of their children. Dad lets Vasya say goodbye to Marusya.

Tyburtsy and Valek leave the town. A little later, almost all the other tramps disappear. Vasya and his family come to his friend’s grave. Having matured, Vasily and Sonya pronounce vows over Marusya’s grave and leave their hometown.

Analysis of the work “In Bad Society”

Schoolchildren study this strong, lyrical and very sad classic in fifth grade, but the story can be just as interesting and useful for adults.

Korolenko incredibly reliably described such a rare phenomenon as true, strong, absolutely selfless friendship.

Quotes from the story of Vasya and the “children of the dungeon” will not leave anyone indifferent.

Conclusion After finishing reading a book, schoolchildren and students often write reviews or leave short notes on reader's diary . It is worth noting the following main idea : at the end of the story main character

Vasily began to have a completely different attitude not only towards his father, but also towards himself.

Having drawn conclusions from everything that happened, the boy learned to sympathize with the grief of others, to be loving, understanding and responsive.

"In bad company." Lessons based on the story by V. Korolenko

I'M GOING TO CLASS

Olga ERYOMINA

5th grade

Lessons based on the story “In Bad Society” by V. Korolenko

Lesson 1. V.G. Korolenko: the writer’s childhood, the beginning of literary activity. "In Bad Society"

I. Program edited by V.Ya. Korovina turns to the work of V.G. Korolenko only once: in the 5th grade. With this in mind, we invite the teacher to talk in detail, but at a level accessible to fifth graders, about this wonderful writer and person. Teacher's word. (Article materials used: Guskov S.N.

.: Russian writers. XX century // Biobibliographical dictionary. M.: Education, 1998. Part I. pp. 665–670.) In our lives we meet many people who act “like everyone else,” “as is customary.” There are other people - there are very few of them, and meetings with them are precious - meetings with people who act as the voice of their conscience tells them, never deviating from their moral principles. From the example of the lives of such people, we learn how to live. So amazing person

Korolenko was born in 1853 in Zhitomir. His father, a district judge, was known for his crystal honesty. Mother was very impressionable and religious. Korolenko knew Russian, Polish and Ukrainian languages, attended Orthodox and Catholic churches. His father died when Vladimir was only thirteen years old, and the family was left without a livelihood. Soon the family moved to the city of Rivne, where Korolenko began studying at a real gymnasium (there was no other gymnasium in Rivne).

In those days in Russian Empire There were two types of gymnasiums: real and classical. In the classical gymnasium they studied ancient languages - ancient Greek and Latin - and to enter the university it was necessary to pass exams in these languages. After a real gymnasium, it was impossible to enter a university: a graduate could only count on receiving a “real” education: engineering, agricultural.

Korolenko graduated from high school with a silver medal and came to St. Petersburg to study. Material difficulties prevented this: I had to earn money through odd jobs. Korolenko colored botanical atlases, read proofs and translated. In 1874, Korolenko moved to Moscow, which was not the capital at that time, and entered the forestry department of the Petrovsky Academy (now the Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev).

Strict police procedures were established at the academy: after the Paris Commune of 1871, workers and socialist parties arose all over the world, the First International - the International Workers' Association - operated, and the tsarist government was afraid that communist ideas from Western Europe would penetrate into Russia. Special people reported on everything that was happening at the academy, whose students traditionally went on internships abroad.

The students were dissatisfied with the police procedures at the academy. Korolenko attended meetings of revolutionary-minded youth in Moscow. In 1876, he submitted a collective petition on behalf of seventy-nine students to abolish police regulations at the academy and was sent into exile in the Vologda province for a year. A year later, Korolenko became a student again and was expelled again. Then Korolenko began working as a proofreader in a newspaper, where the first note of the future writer was published.

The tsarist government considered Korolenko a “dangerous agitator and revolutionary,” and in 1879 Korolenko was arrested on false suspicion and deported to Vyatka province. There he made friends with the peasants and six months later he was expelled to a new place - “for getting closer to the peasant population and for having generally harmful influence.”

Korolenko wrote his first serious work - the essay “Wonderful” - on the way to another exile in the Vyshnevolotsk political prison.

In 1881, Emperor Alexander II was assassinated. All residents of Russia were required to take an oath of allegiance to the new Emperor Alexander III. It was a formal procedure, but Korolenko was a man who could not go against his conscience in anything, and refused to swear allegiance to the new emperor. He wrote: “I have personally experienced and seen so much untruth from the existing system that I cannot give a promise of allegiance to the autocracy.” For this he was sent to the most difficult and lengthy exile - to Yakutia, to the settlement of Amga. It was there, in distant Yakutia, that Korolenko became a real writer, and it was there that he created the story “In a Bad Society.”

Returning to Central Russia, Korolenko quickly became famous writer, collaborates with many magazines and newspapers, then he himself becomes a co-publisher of the magazine “Russian Wealth”. Until the end of his life, Korolenko remained a defender of justice, always speaking in his works on the side of those who are unhappy. This fidelity to the truth and the voice of his conscience was the uniqueness of Korolenko’s personality, whose perseverance and courage surprised his contemporaries and can serve as an example for you and me.

II. "In bad company." We will strive to ensure that the text of the story is heard as often as possible in class. In the 5th grade, when children’s range of reading interests is just forming, the perception of a work and interest in the work of its creator depend on how emotional and personally motivated the first acquaintance with the work was. We believe that familiarity with most of the works included in curriculum, in the 5th grade should begin in class with an emotional upsurge. Good reading by a teacher will captivate children and encourage them to further actively read software and other works.

Reading the first three chapters of the work takes (depending on the pace of reading) 25–30 minutes. With the help of intonation, the teacher will be able to convey Vasya’s rejection of the scene of the expulsion of unwanted people from the castle, the complexity of Vasya’s relationship with his father. The scene of Vasya’s first acquaintance with Valek and Marusya in the chapel, which is the beginning of the work, will interest children and encourage them to read the story to the end at home.

Lesson 2. Plot and composition of the story “In Bad Society”

I. Starting the lesson, we will ask the children about their impressions of the story. After listening to the children's statements, we ask:

Do you think the work we read is a story or a story? Why?

Let's read the definition of the story (p. 42 of the textbook) and write it down in our notebook.

A story is one of the types of epic work.

The story is a small form: one storyline, one main character.

Tale - medium shape: two or three storylines, two or three main characters.

Novel - large form: several plot lines, a large number of heroes.

Why can we call “In Bad Society” a story? How many main characters are there in this story? Name them.

What is a plot?

Let's remember that plot- this is a series of events that form the basis of the work.

How do you understand what a “storyline” is?

Story line- a series of events happening to one hero.

How many storylines can be identified in Korolenko’s work?

The answer to this question will be quite difficult for children. Let's highlight Vasya's life line(let’s note the problem of Vasya’s relationship with his father) and life line of the Tyburtsia family. The intersection of these lines leads to changes in Vasya’s life and in the life of this family.

For further work, we will need a good knowledge of the content of the story, so we propose to draw up a complex outline of the story, highlighting the boundaries of the episodes. During the work, the teacher will comment on places that are incomprehensible to the students and find out what problems turned out to be relevant for the children.

II. An image of a gray, sleepy city. Vasya's relationship with his father.

Conversation

On whose behalf is the story being told?

Vasya is the son of a judge. A judge is perhaps the only representative of the law in a small town, a “shtetl,” located in the southwest of the Russian Empire.

“Sleepy, moldy ponds”, “gray fences”, “blind-sighted huts sunk into the ground” - all this creates the image of a town living a small life in which there are no bright feelings and events.

What prompted old Janusz to drive some of the residents out of the castle? Who disliked them?

“But Janusz and the old witches, screaming and cursing, drove them from everywhere, threatening them with pokers and sticks, and a silent watchman stood to the side, also with a heavy club in his hands.” The guard is a policeman, which means that the expulsion was carried out with the knowledge and under the auspices of the police.

How was Vasya’s relationship with his father?

Let us be careful when discussing this issue: many students do not have well-being in their families, and we need to be attentive to the feelings of children so as not to traumatize them. Let us pay attention to Vasya’s desire to get closer to his father, to his father’s deep grief after the death of his beloved wife.

Vasya's mother died when he was six years old. From that time on, the boy felt constant loneliness. The father loved his mother too much when she was alive and did not notice the boy because of his happiness. After the death of his wife, the man's grief was so deep that he withdrew into himself. Vasya felt grief that his mother died; the horror of loneliness deepened, because the father turned away from his son “with annoyance and pain.” Everyone considered Vasya a tramp and a worthless boy, and his father also got used to this idea.

Why did the boy start wandering?

The hero “did not find greetings and affection” at home, but not only this forced him to leave the house in the morning: a thirst for knowledge, communication, and goodness lived in him. He could not come to terms with the musty life of the town: “It seemed to me that somewhere out there, in this big and unknown world, behind the old garden fence, I would find something; it seemed like I had to do something and could do something, but I just didn’t know what.”

III. Characteristics of the hero.

At the end of the lesson, the teacher will divide the class into several groups and explain how to do their homework: write a story about a hero.

What does the hero look like?

What family is he from? From what society?

What actions does he perform?

What qualities of the hero are manifested in these actions?

Homework. Make up stories about Vasya; about Valek; about Marus (compare with Sonya); about Tyburtsia.

Lesson 3. Life of children from prosperous and disadvantaged families. Vasya, Valek, Marusya, Tyburtsy. Vasya's path to truth and goodness

During the lesson we talk about the main characters of the story, listen to students’ stories prepared at home about the heroes of the story: Vasya, Valek, Marus, Tyburtsia. We ask students to support their statements with quotes and retell the relevant episodes of the story. After one person speaks, others who have prepared the same topic complement his answer. We draw conclusions and briefly write them down on the board and in notebooks. We look at the illustrations and determine which episodes the artist depicted.

Why is the story called “In Bad Society”? Who in the story says this expression?

The story is called "In Bad Society" because it tells the story of a judge's son who befriends beggar children. It is not the boy himself who calls Pan Tyburtsiy’s company “bad society,” but old Janusz, who was once one of the minor count employees.

The story is told on behalf of Vasya, so there is no direct description of Vasya in the story. Vasya was a brave boy, honest, kind, he knew how to keep his word. The year this story happened, he was seven or eight years old.

Valek was about nine years old. He was larger than Vasya, “thin and thin, like a reed. He was dressed in a dirty shirt, his hands were in the pockets of his tight and short pants. Dark curly hair fluttered over black, thoughtful eyes.” Valek behaved respectably and inspired Vasya’s respect “with his manners of an adult.”

Marusya, Valek's sister, was a thin little girl four years. “It was a pale, tiny creature, reminiscent of a flower that grew without the rays of the sun,” writes Korolenko in the chapter “The Acquaintance Continues.” - Despite her four years, she still walked poorly, walking unsteadily with crooked legs and staggering like a blade of grass; her hands were thin and transparent; the head swayed on a thin neck, like the head of a field bell...”

Vasya compared Marusya with his sister Sonya, who was also four years old: “...my Sonya was round, like a donut, and elastic, like a ball. She ran so briskly when she got angry, she laughed so loudly, she always wore these beautiful dresses, and every day the maid wove a scarlet ribbon into her dark braids.” Sonya grew up in prosperity and was looked after by a maid. Marusya grew up in poverty and was often hungry. Brother Valek looked after her.

What did Vasya’s friendship with Valek and Marusya bring?

After meeting Valek and Marusya, Vasya felt joy from a new friendship. He liked to talk with Valek and bring gifts to Marusa. But at night his heart sank with pain of regret when the boy thought about the gray stone that was sucking the life out of Marusya.

Vasya fell in love with Valek and Marusya, missed them when he could not come to them on the mountain. Not seeing his friends became a great deprivation for him.

Which bitter discovery did Vasya make friends with Valek?

When Valek told Vasya directly that they were beggars and had to steal in order not to die of hunger, Vasya went home and cried bitterly from a feeling of deep grief. His love for his friends did not decrease, but it was mixed with “a sharp stream of regret that reached the point of heartache.”

How did Vasya meet Tyburtsy?

At first Vasya was afraid of Tyburtsiy, but after promising not to tell anyone about what he saw, Vasya saw a new person in Tyburtsiy: “He gave orders like the owner and head of the family, returning from work and giving orders to the household.” Vasya felt like a member of a beggar, but friendly family and ceased to be afraid of Tyburtius.

How and when did Vasya’s opinion change from his father?

Let's read with the students the conversation between Valek and Vasya (chapter four), Tyburtsy's statement about the judge (chapter seven).

The boy believed that his father did not love him and considered him bad. The words of Valek and Tyburtsiy that the judge - best person in the city, forced Vasya to look at his father in a new way.

How did Vasya’s character change during his friendship with Valek and Marusya?

Vasya’s character and his attitude towards life changed a lot after meeting Valek and Marusya. Vasya learned to be patient. When Marusya could not run and play, Vasya patiently sat next to her and brought flowers. The boy's character showed compassion and the ability to soften the pain of others. He felt the depth of social differences and realized that people do not always do bad things (like stealing) because they want to. Vasya saw the complexity of life and began to think about the concepts of justice, fidelity and human love.

Tyburtsy Drab was an unusual person in the small town of Knyazhye-Veno. No one knew where he came to the town from. In the first chapter, the author describes in detail “the appearance of Pan Tyburtsy”: “He was tall, his large facial features were roughly expressive. Short, slightly reddish hair stuck out apart; the low forehead, the lower jaw somewhat protruding forward and the strong mobility of the face resembled something like a monkey; but the eyes, sparkling from under the overhanging eyebrows, looked persistently and gloomily, and in them, along with slyness, sharp insight, energy and intelligence shone.” The boy felt a constant deep sadness in the soul of this man.

Tyburtsy told Vasya that once upon a time he had “some kind of clash with the law... that is, you know, an unexpected quarrel... oh, boy, it was a very big quarrel!” We can conclude that Tyburtsy unintentionally violated the law, and now he and his children (his wife, apparently died) found themselves outside the law, without documents, without the right of residence and without means of subsistence. He feels like “an old toothless beast in his last den”, does not have the opportunity and means to start new life, although it is clear that he is an educated man and he does not like such a life.

Tyburcy and his children find shelter in an old castle on the island, but Janusz, a former servant of the count, together with other servants and descendants of servants, drives strangers out of his “ family nest" The exiles settle in the dungeons of the old chapel in the cemetery. To feed themselves, they engage in petty theft in the city.

Despite the fact that he has to steal, Tyburtsy acutely feels injustice. He respects Vasya's father, who does not make a difference between the poor and the rich and does not sell his conscience for money. Tyburtsy respects the friendship that began between Vasya, Valek and Marusya, and at a critical moment he comes to Vasya’s aid. He finds the right words to convince the judge of the purity of Vasya’s intentions. With the help of this man, the father looks at his son in a new way and begins to understand him.

Tyburtsy understands that the judge, as a representative of the law, will have to arrest him when he finds out where he is hiding. In order not to put the judge in a false position, Tyburtsy and Valek disappear from the town after Marusya’s death.

Korolenko’s story “In Bad Society” was illustrated by the artist G. Fitingof. Let's look at his illustrations with the children. Did the artist manage to convey the special atmosphere of the events of the story?

Homework. Complete task 12 in writing (p. 42): explain the listed words and expressions using the selection of synonyms and interpretation of the meaning.

Individual task. Prepare an expressive reading of the chapters “Doll” and “Conclusion”.

Lesson 4. Chapter “Doll” is the culmination of the story. Simplicity and expressiveness of the story's language. Preparing for an essay (Speech development lesson)

I. Chapter “Doll” is the culmination of the story.

The chapters “Doll” and “Conclusion” must be read aloud in class. Before we start reading, let's find out:

What role does old Janusz play in the development of the plot?

What did Janusz say to Vasya’s father when they met in the garden? Why did the father send Janusz away?

When Vasya was carrying the doll to Marusya, old Janusz saw him. What consequences did this meeting entail?

The chapter is read by a teacher or a previously prepared student.

Conversation

How does Vasya appear to us in the episode with the doll?

In the episode with the doll, Vasya appeared before us as a person full of kindness and compassion. He sacrificed his peace and well-being, brought suspicion upon himself so that his little friend could enjoy the toy - the first and last time In my life. Tyburtsy saw this boy’s kindness and himself came to the judge’s house at the moment when Vasya was feeling especially bad. He could not betray his comrades, and Tyburtsy, as a perceptive man, felt this. Vasya sacrificed his peace for the sake of Marusya, and Tyburtsy also sacrificed his secretive life on the mountain, although he understood that Vasya’s father was a judge: “He has eyes and a heart only as long as the law sleeps on its shelves...”

How do you understand the words of Tyburtsy addressed to Vasya: “Maybe it’s good that your road ran through ours”?

If a child from a wealthy family learns from childhood that not everyone lives well, that there is poverty and grief, then he will learn to sympathize with these people and feel sorry for them.

What do you think Tyburtsy said to Vasya’s father? How has the father's attitude towards his son changed?

Students will make assumptions about Tyburtsy’s conversation with the judge. Let's compare the phrases:

“He quickly came up to me and put a heavy hand on my shoulder”;

“Let the boy go,” Tiburtsy repeated, and his wide palm lovingly stroked my bowed head”;

“I again felt someone’s hand on my head and shuddered. It was my father’s hand, gently stroking my hair.”

With the help of Tyburtsy’s selfless act, the judge saw not the image of the tramp-son to which he was accustomed, but the true soul of his child:

“I looked up questioningly at my father. Now another person stood in front of me, but in this particular person I found something familiar that I had searched in vain for in him before. He looked at me with his usual thoughtful gaze, but now in this gaze there was a hint of surprise and, as it were, a question. It seemed as if the storm that had just swept over both of us had dissipated the heavy fog hanging over my father’s soul. And my father only now began to recognize in me the familiar features of his own son.”

Why did Vasya and Sonya come to Marusya’s grave?

Vasya and Sonya came to Marusya’s grave, because for them the image of Marusya became a symbol of love and human suffering. Maybe they made a vow to always remember little Marusa, about human grief and help this grief wherever it occurs, through their deeds to change the world for the better.

II. Simplicity and expressiveness of the story's language.

The students say that the story is written in simple language, mostly as if the boy was actually talking about what he saw. But behind this narration on behalf of Vasya we hear the voice of a kind and wise adult. The language of the story is simple and at the same time expressive.

Checking progress homework(12th task, p. 42), let’s pay attention to whether the students used dictionaries in preparation for the lesson.

The expression “wild tree in the field” suggests that the boy grew up unattended.

Korolenko, describing the town, speaks of “gray fences, vacant lots with heaps of all kinds of rubbish.” The fences are gray because they are wooden and unpainted. At the same time, this word also has a figurative meaning and creates a special mood.

Asylum- this is a place where you can hide, find salvation from something.

Word huddle means to fit into a small space, to have shelter in a cramped room.

Shelter- word high style, means dwelling, shelter.

Descendant- a person in relation to his ancestors. Korolenko writes about “the descendants of the servants of the count’s family,” that is, about the children and grandchildren of those who once served the count.

Expression "bad reputation" used when they want to say that a lot of bad things are being said about someone or something. Korolenko writes: “The mountain, pitted with graves, enjoyed a bad reputation.”

Stern face- gloomy, angry face.

Discord- disagreements, quarrels, enmity.

gloomy man- a gloomy, unfriendly person.

Tolerate reproaches means getting used to people expressing their disapproval or accusations at you. Vasya got used to the reproaches, that is, he got used to it and stopped paying attention to the accusations that he was a tramp.

“Gray Stone”- this is limestone. Korolenko uses this expression when he wants to say that Marusya is killed by poverty and a joyless life.

“Ghosts of the Old Castle”- these are former count employees and their descendants who have lost the meaning of existence and live like ghosts.

“Bad Society”- a society of people who commit reprehensible, immoral actions from the point of view of prevailing morality.

III. Preparing for an essay.

The topic of the essay: “Vasya’s path to truth and goodness.”

A similar theme for the essay - “Vasya’s road to truth and goodness” - is proposed by the team of authors: O.B. Belomestnykh, M.S. Korneeva, I.V. Zolotareva ( Belomestnykh O.B., Korneeva M.S., Zolotareva I.V. Lesson developments in literature. 5th grade. M.: VAKO, 2002. pp. 321–322).

They write:

“When thinking about a topic, we discuss every word.

Vasina- this means that we will be interested in the fate of this particular hero. What is interesting about this hero? It is he who is shown in movement - internal movement.

Road- it is necessary to trace the stages of this movement, its direction.

To truth and goodness“The changes that happened to Vasya turned him towards people, turning him from a tramp into a kind and compassionate person.”

This quote shows well the importance of working with the formulation of the topic of the essay, but even for the sake of a more clear designation of the topic, one cannot say that Vasya turned from a tramp into a kind person, thereby arguing that, being a tramp, he was neither kind nor compassionate. It would be correct if we say that during his friendship with disadvantaged children, Vasya was able to realize that unclear “something” that he was striving for and show the best human qualities. Already at the very beginning of the story, we see in Vasya a desire to understand his father, love for his younger sister, compassion for people who are kicked out of the castle, attention and love for nature (“I liked meeting the awakening of nature”), courage (the first one climbed into the chapel), nobility (he didn’t fight with Valek when he saw Marusya), loyalty to his word.

The authors of the cited manual highlight the idea of the essay as follows: “... friendship with disadvantaged children helped Vasya’s best inclinations, kindness to manifest itself, and returned good relations with Father". To say “returned good relations with his father” means to assert that these relations existed before, then through Vasya’s fault they changed, and only friendship with the children of the dungeon returned him to good relations with his father. We read the text of the story: “He loved her too much when she was alive, not noticing me because of his happiness. Now I was blocked from him by severe grief.” It would be correct to say that Tyburtius’ story changed the father’s attitude towards his own son.

Let's denote essay idea so: Vasya’s friendship with Valek and Marusya helped Vasya’s best qualities to emerge, played main role in choosing a life position.

Essay plan

Depending on the class level, students will independently or collectively draw up and discuss an essay plan. The teacher can suggest questions to guide the development of the plan:

What do we learn about Vasya at the beginning of the story? Who is he, what does he look like, where does he live?

What actions does he perform, what qualities does he display when he meets Valek and Marusya; during friendships with children; during a critical conversation with your father?

What role did Vasya’s friendship with disadvantaged children play in his fate?

Let's make a list human qualities that Vasya exhibits: love for family, desire to understand people, attention and love for nature, courage, nobility, loyalty to one’s word, honesty, compassion, kindness, mercy.

The teacher, depending on time resources and class level, will determine whether the essay will be in class or at home. If the essay is assigned at home, then we will devote a speech development lesson to detailed work on mistakes and teaching children how to edit their own texts, paying special attention various categories errors: factual, lexical, stylistic, speech. As a rule, most errors in punctuation occur where there are speech errors. Working on the ability to express your thoughts correctly is a good prevention of punctuation errors.

The role of “bad society” in the life of Vasya, the hero of V. G. Korolenko’s story “Children of the Dungeon”

Vasya is the main character of the story “Children of the Dungeon” by Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko. We see the events taking place in the work through the eyes of this boy. He says about his life: “I grew up like a wild tree in a field - no one surrounded me with special care, but no one constrained my freedom.” Already from these lines it is clear that the hero was lonely. Vasya's mother died, and he was survived by his father and younger sister. The boy had a tender, warm relationship with his sister, but there was an “insurmountable wall” between him and his father. With particular tragedy, Korolenko describes how Vasya suffers from this. To avoid the “horror of loneliness,” the hero is almost never at home, and hopes to find “something” that will change his life.

After the death of his mother, Vasya wanted to find the love that she did not have time to give him in his father’s heart. However, the father seemed to him a “gloomy man” who does not love his son and considers him a “spoiled boy.” But in his story, Korolenko shows us how Vasya learns to understand other people, how he learns the bitter truth of life and how, finally, this “insurmountable wall” between him and his father collapses.

Korolenko built the story on contrasts. Vasya was the “son of respectable parents,” but his friends were children from “bad society” - Valek and Marusya. This acquaintance changed both the hero and his life. Vasya learned that there are children who have no home and who have to steal in order not to die of hunger. Describing the hero’s inner experiences, the author shows how at first Vasya was surprised at what he saw in the “bad society”, and then he was tormented by pity and compassion for the poor: “I didn’t yet know what hunger was, but when last words girls, something turned in my chest...”

Vasya became very attached to Valek and Marusa. They are still just children, and they really wanted to have fun and play from the heart. Comparing Marusya with his sister Sonya, Vasya sadly noted that Sonya “... ran so briskly... laughed so loudly,” and Marusya “... almost never ran and laughed very rarely...”.

Meeting Valek, Marusya and their father Tyburtsy helped Vasya look at life from a different perspective. He learned that there are people who have nothing to eat and nowhere to sleep, and he was especially struck by a gray stone that takes away the strength of a little girl.

Vasya’s father is a judge, and we see that the boy himself, in his thoughts, is trying to judge the actions of people from “bad society.” But this “contempt” was drowned out by compassion and pity, and the desire to help. This is evidenced by the chapter “Doll”, which can be called culminating.

People from the “bad society” helped Vasya to recognize and understand his father, to find “something dear” in him. Reading the story, we see that Vasya and his father always loved each other, but Tyburtsy and his children helped them express this love. The hero acquired such qualities as compassion, the desire to help people, kindness, courage, and honesty. But the “bad society” helped not only Vasya, but also his father: he also looked at his son in a new way.

At the end of the story, Korolenko describes how Vasya and Sonya, together with their father, pronounced vows at Marusya’s grave. I think the main one is the vow to help people and forgive them. Together with the guys, I experienced all the events described in the story. I really like this book.

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essay in bad company
what do we learn about Vasya at the beginning of the story? Vasya and his friends, their role in Vasya’s life? what actions does Vasya do?
Korolenko's essay in bad society

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Introduction

In our lives we meet many people who act “like everyone else,” “as is customary.” There are other people - there are very few of them, and meetings with them are precious - meetings with people who act as the voice of their conscience tells them, never deviating from their moral principles. From the example of the lives of such people, we learn how to live. Such an amazing person, the “moral genius” of Russian literature, was Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko, who created works that to this day remain permanent moral textbooks; more than one generation of children has grown up on them.

Reading piece of art, we are trying to understand the main thing that the author wanted to convey to us. Writers introduce us to the world human relations, trying to awaken kind and sincere feelings, interest and respect in our souls, careful attitude to a person.

Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko, possessing a unique literary talent, managed to penetrate the hiding places human soul and show that the greatest gift, given to a person, is a sensitive heart, capable of perceiving the state of other people, understanding them, penetrating into their inner world, sympathize with them, share their joy and sorrow. The writer himself possessed such a gift - a sensitive heart. His worldview is based on compassion, empathy, and the feeling of someone else’s pain as his own.

“In Bad Society” is one of Korolenko’s crowning works. The action takes place in an environment where only a very loving heart can reveal glimpses human consciousness- in a gathering of thieves, beggars and various crazy people, sheltered in the ruins of an old castle in one of the Volyn towns. Society is truly “bad”. The author resisted the temptation to make his outcasts protestants against social untruth, “humiliated and insulted,” although he could have done this very easily, having at his creative disposal the colorful figure of Pan Tyburtsy, with his subtle wit and literary education. All the gentlemen “from the castle” steal, drink, extort, and, however, the son of “Mr. Judge,” having accidentally become close to “bad society,” did not take anything bad out of him, because he immediately met high samples love and devotion. Tyburtsy really did something ugly in the past, and in the present he continues to steal and teach his son the same, but he loves his little daughter, slowly melting into the dungeon, madly. And such is the power of everyone true feeling that everything bad in the life of a “bad society” bounces off the boy, only the pity of the whole society for Marusa is conveyed to him, and all the energy of his proud nature is directed towards making the sad existence of this girl as easy as possible.

Hypothesis: “it’s better to have a piece of a human heart in your chest instead of a cold stone”

Purpose of the work: to find evidence in favor of the fact that Vasya changed under the influence of meeting new friends and chose the path of good, and also to find out what moral lessons we can learn by observing the hero’s relationships with representatives of “bad society.”

To achieve our goals and confirm the hypothesis, we put forward the following tasks:

1. Analytical reading of V.G. Korolenko’s story “In a Bad Society.”

2. Compilation of characteristics of the main character and analysis of his behavior in various life circumstances.

3. Identifying the changes that happened to Vasya after meeting new friends.

4. Studying literature on the topic.

5. Generalization and systematization of the material.

1. The story of V.G. Korolenko “In Bad Society”

analytical story korolenko hero

The story is told on behalf of the boy Vasya. He is the son of a judge. A judge is perhaps the only representative of the law in a small town, a “shtetl,” located in the southwest of the Russian Empire. From the very first pages of the story, the image of the city attracts attention.

“Sleepy, moldy ponds”, “gray fences”, “blind-sighted huts sunk into the ground” - all this creates the image of a town living petty life, in which there are no bright feelings and events.

And against this background, the story of Vasya unfolds - an unfortunate child who suddenly became lonely and orphaned while his father was alive.

Why did the boy start wandering? The answer is simple.

The hero “did not receive greetings and affection” at home, but not only this forced him to leave the house in the morning: a thirst for knowledge, communication, and goodness lived in him. He could not come to terms with the musty life of the town: “It seemed to me that somewhere out there, in this big and unknown light, behind the old garden fence, I would find something; it seemed that I had to do something and could “to do something, but I just didn’t know what exactly.”

In search of this “something,” Vasya tried to disappear from home, a home without love, without participation. It is no coincidence that he compares himself to a “young wolf cub”, useless to anyone and only annoying those around him with his unhappy appearance and behavior. Perhaps Vasya’s only outlet was his little sister. But communication with her was also limited, because the nanny saw him as a threat and was afraid of him bad influence for a girl.

“Sister Sonya was four years old. I loved her passionately, and she repaid me with the same love; but the established view of me as an inveterate little robber erected a high wall between us. Every time I started playing with her, - in her own noisy and playful way, the old nanny, always sleepy and always fighting, with eyes closed, chicken feathers for pillows, immediately woke up, quickly grabbed my Sonya and took her to her place, throwing angry looks at me; in such cases she always reminded me of a disheveled hen, I compared myself to a predatory kite, and Sonya to a little chicken. I felt very sad and annoyed. It is therefore not surprising that I soon stopped all attempts to occupy Sonya with my criminal games, and after a while I felt cramped in the house and in the kindergarten, where I did not find greetings or affection from anyone. I started wandering."

How much pain, despair and melancholy there are in these words!

However, neither the feeling of loneliness nor the indifference of his father - nothing could drown out the boy’s thirst for knowledge of life, interest in the world around him, the desire to learn its secrets, until this led Vasya to the old chapel, among the ruins of which Vasya found sincere and devoted friends, learned how to - truly love and understand others.

Valek knew Vasya as the son of a judge, considered him a gentleman, touchy, and decided to teach him a lesson so that he would forever lose interest in the chapel. But Valek liked Vasya’s courage, determination, and willingness to accept open battle, and he did not raise his hand against Vasya. In turn, Vasya was delighted by Valek’s appearance in the chapel: after all, he was a living person, not a ghost. Although Vasya was ready to stand up for himself, at the first opportunity to avoid a fight he willingly unclenched his fists. Vasya immediately fell in love with the tall and reed-thin boy with thoughtful eyes and his little sister.

“I moved a little away from the wall and, according to the knightly rules of our bazaar, I also put my hands in my pockets. This was a sign that I was not afraid of the enemy and even partly hinted at my contempt for him.

We stood opposite each other and exchanged glances. After looking me up and down, the boy asked:

Why are you here?

“So,” I answered. “What do you care?” My opponent moved his shoulder as if intending to take his hand out of his pocket and hit me.

I didn't blink an eye.

I'll show you! - he threatened. I pushed my chest forward.

Well, hit... try!..

The moment was critical; The nature of further relations depended on him. I waited, but my opponent, looking at me with the same searching gaze, did not move.

“I, brother, myself... too...” I said, but more peacefully.

Meanwhile, the girl, resting her small hands on the floor of the chapel, also tried to climb out of the hatch. She fell, got up again, and finally walked with unsteady steps towards the boy. Having come close, she grabbed him tightly and, pressing herself against him, looked at me with a surprised and partly frightened look.

This decided the outcome of the matter; It became quite clear that in this position the boy could not fight, and I, of course, was too generous to take advantage of his uncomfortable position."

Mutual sympathy grows when Vasya cordially invites them to his home, expresses sincere surprise at the impossibility of being friends and, most importantly, a firm intention to keep the secret revealed to him. Vasya likes Valek’s independence and the way the children treat each other: Marusya, approaching Valek, grabbed hold of him tightly and pressed herself close to his tenderness. Valek stood, stroking the girl’s blond head with his hand.

For Valek and Marusya, who felt rejected, friendship with Vasya was a great joy in life. Vasya not only constantly gave them delicacies that she had never seen, but, most importantly, he brought great excitement to their boring, joyless existence. Vasya was up to funny Games, laughed loudly, told Marusa fairy tales.

The girl was very happy about Vasya and his gifts: her eyes lit up with a spark of delight; her pale face... flushed with blush, she laughed... For Valek, Vasya was the only comrade with whom he could talk, play, and make bird traps. He valued his friendship with Vasya so much that he was not afraid even of the anger of Tyburtius, who forbade him to initiate anyone into the secret of the dungeon.

Vasya also appreciated the friendship that arose. He really lacked friendly attention, spiritual closeness, and real friends in his life. At the first check, his comrades on the street turned out to be cowardly traitors who abandoned him without any help. Vasya, by nature, was a kind and faithful person. When he felt that he was needed, he responded to it with all his soul. Valek helped Vasya get to know his own father better. Vasya put into his friendship with Marusya that feeling of an older brother, that care that at home he was prevented from showing towards my own sister. It is still difficult for Vasya to understand why Marusya is so strikingly different from his sister Sonya in appearance and behavior, and Valek’s words: “The gray stone sucked the life out of her” do not bring clarity, only further exacerbating the feeling of painful regret that Vasya experiences towards friends.

Behind the epithets and comparisons that characterize Marusya, we feel emotional strength artistic word, we see Vasya’s excitement, his experiences. In the portrait of Marusya the most important emotional elements are easily revealed; a pale, tiny creature that resembled a dried flower that had grown without the rays of the sun; she walked... poorly, stepping uncertainly with crooked legs and staggering like a blade of grass; her hands were thin and transparent; the head swayed on the thin neck, like the head of a field bell; she almost never ran and laughed very rarely; her laughter sounded like the smallest silver bell; her dress was dirty and old; the movements of her thin hands were slow; the eyes stood out as a deep blue against the pale face.

Noteworthy is the narrator's touching tenderness, which shines through in every word he says about the girl, his sad admiration for her beauty (blond Thick hair, turquoise eyes, long eyelashes), bitter regret about the joyless existence of the child.

Sonya was the complete opposite of Marusa. Comparing the appearance of Marusya and Sonya, who was round like a donut and elastic like a ball, ran briskly, laughed loudly, wore beautiful dresses, you come to the conclusion about the cruel injustice of the laws that reigned in life, dooming the innocent and defenseless to death.

The whole atmosphere of the dungeon made a painful impression on Vasya. He was not so much struck by the spectacle of the gloomy underground crypt as by the fact that people live in it, while everything testifies to the impossibility of human stay in the dungeon: the light that breaks through with difficulty, the walls made of stone, wide columns that close upward with a vaulted ceiling. But the saddest thing in this picture was Marusya, barely standing out against the background of the gray stone as a strange and small foggy speck that seemed about to blur and disappear. All this amazes Vasya; he clearly imagines how cruel, cold stones, closing in a tight embrace over the tiny figure of a girl, suck the life out of her. Having witnessed the unbearable living conditions of the poor girl, Vasya finally fully realizes the terrible meaning of Tyburtsy’s fatal phrase. But it seems to the boy that everything can still be corrected, changed for the better, if only he leaves the dungeon: “Let’s leave... let’s leave here... Take her away,” he persuades Valek.

Vasya fell in love with Valek and Marusya, missed them when he could not come to them on the mountain. Not seeing his friends became a great deprivation for him.

When Valek told Vasya directly that they were beggars and had to steal in order not to die of hunger, Vasya went home and cried bitterly from a feeling of deep grief. His love for his friends did not diminish, but it was mixed with “a sharp stream of regret that reached the point of heartache.”

At first Vasya was afraid of Tyburtsiy, but after promising not to tell anyone about what he saw, Vasya saw a new person in Tyburtsiy: “He gave orders like the owner and head of the family, returning from work and giving orders to the household.” Vasya felt like a member of a poor but friendly family and stopped being afraid of Tyburtsy.

Under the influence of new friends, Vasya’s attitude towards his father also changed.

Let us recall the conversation between Valek and Vasya (chapter four), Tyburtsy’s statement about the judge (chapter seven).

The boy believed that his father did not love him and considered him bad. The words of Valek and Tyburtsy that the judge is the best man in the city made Vasya look at his father in a new way.

This rebirth of the hero is especially clearly visible in the chapter “Doll”

In the episode with the doll, Vasya appeared before us as a person full of kindness and compassion. He sacrificed his peace and well-being, brought suspicion upon himself so that his little friend could enjoy the toy - for the first and last time in her life. Tyburtsy saw this boy’s kindness and himself came to the judge’s house at the moment when Vasya was feeling especially bad. He could not betray his comrades, and Tyburtsy, as a perceptive man, felt this. Vasya sacrificed his peace for the sake of Marusya, and Tyburtsy also sacrificed his secretive life on the mountain, although he understood that Vasya’s father was a judge: “He has eyes and a heart only as long as the law sleeps on its shelves...”

All the more significant are the words of Tyburtsy addressed to Vasya: “Maybe it’s good that your road runs through ours”?

If a child from a wealthy family learns from childhood that not everyone lives well, that there is poverty and grief, then he will learn to sympathize with these people and feel sorry for them.

Tyburtsy Drab was an unusual person in the small town of Knyazhye-Veno. No one knew where he came to the town from. In the first chapter, the author describes in detail the “appearance of Pan Tyburtsy”: “He was tall, his large facial features were roughly expressive. Short, slightly reddish hair stuck out apart; a low forehead, a slightly protruding lower jaw and strong facial mobility resembled something monkey-like; but the eyes, sparkling from under the overhanging eyebrows, looked stubbornly and gloomily, and sharp insight, energy and intelligence shone in them along with slyness.” The boy felt a constant deep sadness in the soul of this man.

Tyburtsy told Vasya that once upon a time he had “some kind of clash with the law... that is, you know, an unexpected quarrel... oh, boy, it was a very big quarrel!” We can conclude that Tyburtsy unintentionally violated the law, and now he and his children (his wife, apparently died) found themselves outside the law, without documents, without the right of residence and without means of subsistence. He feels like “an old toothless beast in his last den”, he does not have the opportunity and means to start a new life, although it is clear that he is an educated man and he does not like such a life.

Tyburcy and his children find shelter in an old castle on the island, but Janusz, a former servant of the count, together with other servants and descendants of servants, drives strangers out of their “family nest.” The exiles settle in the dungeons of the old chapel in the cemetery. To feed themselves, they engage in petty theft in the city.

“He quickly came up to me and put a heavy hand on my shoulder”;

“- Let the boy go,” Tyburtsy repeated, and his wide palm lovingly stroked my bowed head “;

“I again felt someone’s hand on my head and shuddered. It was my father’s hand, gently stroking my hair.”

With the help of Tyburtsy’s selfless act, the judge saw not the image of the tramp-son to which he was accustomed, but the true soul of his child:

“I raised my eyes questioningly to my father. Now another person stood in front of me, but in this particular person I found something familiar, which I had searched in vain in him before. He looked at me with his usual thoughtful look, but now in this look there was a shade of surprise and, as it were, a question. It seemed that the storm that had just swept over both of us had dissipated the heavy fog hanging over my father’s soul, and my father only now began to recognize in me the familiar features of his own son.”

Friendship with disadvantaged children helped Vasya’s best inclinations and kindness to emerge, restored good relations with his father, and played a major role in choosing his life position.

Quotes from the story of Vasya and the “children of the dungeon” will not leave anyone indifferent.

Vasya lives according to the laws of his heart, and he responds to the heartfelt sympathy, warmth and attention of those who are called “bad society.” However, the social status of these people does not blind them from him. spiritual qualities: sincerity, simplicity, kindness, striving for justice. It is here, in “bad society,” that Vasya finds true friends and goes through the school of true humanism.

The story of a boy's friendship with the children of the dungeon is the story of his inner rebirth. After the death of his mother, Vasya’s life home has become difficult. The boy moved away from everyone, became isolated, “grew like a wild tree in a field.” His life changed completely after meeting Valek and Marusya. Love, responsiveness, compassion, and the ability to be caring awakened in the child’s soul. Vasya learned for the first time what hunger is, how hard it is to live without your own home, how scary it is when you are despised.

He did not condemn his friends for stealing. The boy realized that this was the only way for them not to die of hunger. Thanks to Valek, Vasya changed his opinion about his father and became proud of him. And the story with the doll not only showed everything best qualities boy, but also helped to break down the barrier between him and his father.

It is no coincidence that Tyburtsy remarked: “Maybe it’s good that your road runs through ours.” Vasya also realized how much his acquaintance with the children of the dungeon had given him. That’s why he hasn’t forgotten Marusya and constantly visits her grave.

The story by V.G. Korolenko is a lesson in mercy and love for people. The author tells readers: “Look around! Help those who are having a hard time! And then our world will become a better place.”

The story by V. G. Korolenko “Children of the Dungeon” teaches each of us to put ourselves in the place of another person, to see the world through the eyes of other people, to understand it the same way as they do. You must be able to sympathize with a person, sympathize with him, and be tolerant towards other people.

In conclusion, I want to quote the wonderful words of the great Russian writer L.N. Tolstoy: “Charity consists not so much in material benefits as in spiritual support. Spiritual support consists, first of all, in non-judgment of one’s neighbor and respect for his human dignity.”

Bibliography

1. Byaly G.A. "V.G. Korolenko". - M., 1999

2. Korolenko V.G. "Stories and Essays". - M., 1998

3. Fortunatov N.M. "V.G. Korolenko". - Gorky, 1996

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Korolenko in a Bad Society is a favorite work of readers. An essay based on Korolenko’s story “In a Bad Society.” The plan and characters of the main characters. Key points of the work

“In a Bad Society” by V. G. Korolenko - the history of creation

The main characters and their characteristics

Analysis of the work “In Bad Society”

Quotes from the story of Vasya and the “children of the dungeon” will not leave anyone indifferent.

"In bad company." Lessons based on the story by V. Korolenko

I'M GOING TO CLASS

Olga ERYOMINA

5th grade

Lessons based on the story “In Bad Society” by V. Korolenko

Lesson 2. Plot and composition of the story “In Bad Society”

Lesson 3. Life of children from prosperous and disadvantaged families. Vasya, Valek, Marusya, Tyburtsy. Vasya's path to truth and goodness

Lesson 4. Chapter “Doll” is the culmination of the story. Simplicity and expressiveness of the story's language. Preparing for an essay (Speech development lesson)

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