One of the works of the school curriculum, written by the Russian writer Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, is The Captain's Daughter. In this article, we will analyze the meaning of the place in which the youth Petrusha spiritually grew up and turned into a man, Pyotr Grinev. This is the Belogorsk fortress. What role does it play in the overall idea of the work? Let's figure it out.

How was the work created?

Before moving on to the question of what plot and semantic functions the Belogorsk fortress and all the episodes that took place in it perform, it is necessary to turn directly to the history of the creation of the story. No analysis of a work of art can do without an analysis of the events that served as an impetus for the creation of a particular creation, without a search for real prototypes of heroes.

The origins of the novel go back to the middle of 1832, when Alexander Sergeevich first addresses the topic of the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev in 1773-1775. First, the writer gets access to secret materials with the permission of the authorities, then, in 1833, he goes to Kazan, where he is looking for contemporaries of those events, who have already become old men. As a result, from the materials collected, the "History of the Pugach Rebellion" was formed, which was published in 1834, but did not satisfy Pushkin's artistic research.

The idea directly about a major work, with a renegade hero in the title role, who ended up in the Pugachev camp, has been matured by the author since 1832, while working on the no less famous novel Dubrovsky. At the same time, Alexander Sergeevich had to be extremely careful, because censorship, due to any trifle, could consider such a work “free-thinking”.

Prototypes of Grinev

The essential components of the story changed repeatedly: for some time, Alexander Sergeevich was looking for a suitable surname for the key character, until he eventually settled on Grinev. By the way, such a person was really listed in real documents. During the uprising, he was suspected of conspiring with "villains", but as a result, he was released from arrest due to lack of evidence of his guilt. However, another person acted as the prototype of the protagonist: initially it was supposed to take Lieutenant of the 2nd Grenadier Regiment Mikhail Shvanovich, but later Alexander Sergeevich chose another participant in the events described, Basharin, who was taken prisoner by the rebels, but fled, and eventually began to fight on side of the riot suppressors.

Instead of the planned one nobleman, two of them appeared on the pages of the book: the antagonist Shvabrin, the “vile villain”, was added to Grinev. This was done in order to circumvent censorship obstacles.

What is the genre?

The work, in which the Belogorsk fortress will play a significant role, was interpreted by the author himself as a historical novel. However, today, most researchers of literary criticism, due to the small volume of a literary work, attribute it to the genre of the story.

Belogorsk fortress: what did it look like?

The fortress appears in the story after the main character, Petrusha Grinev, reaches the age of 16. The father decides to send his son to serve in the army, which the young man thinks about with joy: he assumes that he will be sent to St. Petersburg, where he can continue to lead a wild, cheerful life. However, things turn out a little differently. Where does the young Grinev end up as a result? In the Belogorsk fortress, which, however, turned out to be even worse than her young man imagined.

Located in the Orenburg province, it was, in fact, a village surrounded by a wooden log palisade! Here Captain Mironov, the managing commandant, who, according to Petrusha, was supposed to be a firm, stern, strict old man, turned out to be affectionate and gentle, met the young man in a simple way, like a son, and conducted military exercises at all in a “cap and in Chinese bathrobe." The brave army consisted entirely of old invalids who could not remember where the right was and where the left was, and the only defensive weapon in the fortress was an old cast-iron cannon, from which it is not known when the last shot was fired.

Life in the Belogorsk fortress: how Peter's attitude is changing

Over time, however, Grinev changed his mind about the Belogorsk fortress: here he was engaged in literature, he was surrounded by kind, bright and wise people with whom he liked to talk - this especially applied to the Mironov family, that is, to the commandant himself, his wife and daughter Masha. Peter's feelings flared up for the latter, because of which the young man stood up to defend the honor of the girl and his attitude towards her in front of the vile, envious, jealous Shvabrin.

A duel took place between the men, as a result of which Grinev was dishonestly wounded, but this only brought him even closer to Masha. Despite the lack of blessing from Father Peter, the lovers continued to be faithful to each other in words and deeds.

After the conquest of the fortress by Emelyan Pugachev and his bandit gang, the idyll collapses. At the same time, Peter continues to remember and honor the best moments of his life spent here and does not betray this place even after it is in the hands of the rebels. He flatly refuses to swear allegiance to Pugachev, and even the fear of death does not frighten him. The protagonist is ready to follow the commandant and other killed defenders of the fortress. However, the leader of the uprising agrees to spare Grinev for his integrity, honesty, loyalty to honor.

Grinev will find himself in the Belogorsk fortress, the essay about which is detailed in this article, and after the events described, because he will return here in order to save his beloved Masha, captured by the defector Shvabrin. As you can see, the fortress is one of the central places in the work. There are a large number of important, from the point of view of the plot and the development of the action, episodes.

Meaning

The composition "Belogorskaya Fortress" cannot end without a description of the meaning of this place in the semantic structure of the story. The fortress is one of the most important components of the formation of the hero's personality. It is here that Grinev meets with serious love, here he encounters the enemy. As a result, it is within the walls of the fortress that Peter turns from a boy into a mature person, a man capable of bearing responsibility for his actions.

Here he thinks about many truly philosophical matters, for example, about the meaning of life, about honor, about the value of human life. Here his morality and purity finally crystallize.

Obviously, it was simply impossible to think of a better place - Pushkin's genius showed that appearance is not as important as life itself, life, traditions, culture of a certain place. Belogorsk fortress is an element that accumulates everything truly Russian, folk, national.

The role of the Belgorod fortress in the life of Grinev.

Of course, this transformation was influenced by many factors, one of which was his love for Masha Mironova. He did not immediately fall in love with this girl, since Peter's new acquaintance, Shvabrin, presented Masha as an extreme fool. But later Grinev realized that Shvabrin's actions were controlled by unrequited love for Masha. It seems to me that Peter immediately liked Maria, but he believed Shvabrin so much that he was afraid to admit it even to himself.

There were many obstacles in the way of Masha and Peter. Shvabrin, who once seemed a very interesting and nice person, dramatically changed Grinev's attitude towards himself. He continued to dishonor Masha, Grinev could not stand this. The duel with Shvabrin shows how strong his feelings for Masha were. But Grinev's parents did not understand this. The father was categorically against the marriage of his son.

The unexpected attack of the Pugachevites changed the whole fate of Grinev. If he had not been in the Belogorsk fortress, he would never have known true loyalty to his homeland, his beloved girl, he would not have experienced the trials of life, he would not have figured out who Pugachev really is. Acquaintance with Pugachev unexpectedly played a big role in Grinev's pardon by Pugachev. If earlier Pugachev seemed to Peter an impostor who cares only about power, now he turned out to be an ordinary person with his own weaknesses, kind enough. And when Grinev came to ask him for help, he did not refuse, despite Peter's slightly impudent answer to Pugachev's request not to fight against him.

Shvabrin turned out to be not only a traitor to his country, but also a shameless hypocrite who took advantage of Grinev's departure to Orenburg. But for this he was punished by Pugachev, who learned from Peter that Shvabrin wants to forcefully marry Masha.

Compared to Grinev, Shvabrin seems to be a person deprived of all the qualities that Peter was endowed with. He was not familiar with such concepts as duty, honor, dignity. He did not respect the rights of women, and one might even say that he did not know how to love.

The story of Grinev's life in the Belogorsk fortress took a very large place in his notes. After all, it was in the Belogorsk fortress that Grinev learned to truly love, respect his country, and endure obstacles. And that's what made him a real man.

(based on the story by A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter")

Pyotr Grinev is the main character in A. S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter". The reader goes through the entire life path of the protagonist, the formation of his personality, reveals his attitude to the ongoing events, of which he is a participant.

The kindness of the mother and the simplicity of the life of the Grinev family developed softness and even sensitivity in Petrusha. He is eager to go to the Semyonovsky regiment, where he was assigned from birth, but his dreams of life in St. Petersburg are not destined to come true - his father decides to send his son to Orenburg.

And here is Grinev in the Belogorsk fortress. Instead of formidable, impregnable bastions, there is a village surrounded by a log fence, with thatched huts. Instead of a strict, angry boss, there is a commandant who went out for training in a cap and a dressing gown; Instead of a brave army, there are elderly invalids. Instead of a deadly weapon - an old cannon clogged with debris. Life in the Belogorsk fortress reveals to the young man the beauty of the life of simple kind people, gives rise to the joy of communicating with them. “There was no other society in the fortress; but I didn’t want anything else, ”recalls Grinev, the author of the notes. Not military service, not reviews and parades attract a young officer, but conversations with nice, simple people, literature studies, love experiences. It is here, in the “God-saved fortress”, in the atmosphere of a patriarchal life, that the best inclinations of Pyotr Grinev grow stronger. The young man fell in love with the daughter of the commandant of the fortress Masha Mironova. Faith in her feelings, sincerity and honesty caused a duel between Grinev and Shvabrin: Shvabrin dared to laugh at the feelings of Masha and Peter. The duel ended unsuccessfully for the main character. During the recovery, Masha looked after Peter and this served to bring the two young people closer. However, their desire to get married was opposed by Grinev's father, who was angry with his son's duel and did not give his blessing for the marriage.

The quiet and measured life of the inhabitants of the distant fortress was interrupted by the Pugachev uprising. Participation in hostilities shook Peter Grinev, made him think about the meaning of human existence. An honest, decent, noble man turned out to be the son of a retired major, who was not afraid of the formidable appearance of the leader of the "gang of bandits and rebels", dared to stand up for his beloved girl, who had become an orphan in one day. Hatred and disgust for cruelty and inhumanity, Grinev's humanity and kindness allowed him not only to save his life and the life of Masha Mironova, but also to earn the respect of Emelyan Pugachev - the leader of the uprising, the rebel, the enemy.

Honesty, straightforwardness, loyalty to the oath, a sense of duty - these are the character traits that Peter Grinev acquired while serving in the Belogorsk fortress.

Many consider The Captain's Daughter a story, an ordinary story about life, love, the Pugachev uprising. In my opinion, this is not entirely accurate. If the history of life were introduced into the school curriculum, The Captain's Daughter would be the most faithful textbook. In this story, the little boy Petrusha turns into an adult and courageous Peter Grinev. He came to the Belogorsk fortress as a "mother's son", dreamed of a beautiful life in St. Petersburg, he was not worried about his own future. However, he leaves her already a determined, brave man.
Of course, this transformation was influenced by many factors, one of which was his love for Masha Mironova. He did not immediately fall in love with this girl, since Peter's new acquaintance, Shvabrin, presented Masha as an extreme fool. But later Grinev realized that Shvabrin's actions were controlled by unrequited love for Masha. It seems to me that Peter immediately liked Maria, but he believed Shvabrin so much that he was afraid to admit it even to himself.
There were many obstacles in the way of Masha and Peter. Shvabrin, who once seemed a very interesting and nice person, dramatically changed Grinev's attitude towards himself. He continued to dishonor Masha, Grinev could not stand this. The duel with Shvabrin shows how strong his feelings for Masha were. But Grinev's parents did not understand this. The father was categorically against the marriage of his son.
The unexpected attack of the Pugachevites changed the whole fate of Grinev. If he had not been in the Belogorsk fortress, he would never have known true loyalty to his homeland, his beloved girl, he would not have experienced the trials of life, he would not have figured out who Pugachev really is. Acquaintance with Pugachev unexpectedly played a big role in Grinev's pardon by Pugachev. If earlier Pugachev seemed to Peter an impostor who cares only about power, now he turned out to be an ordinary person with his own weaknesses, kind enough. And when Grinev came to ask him for help, he did not refuse, despite Peter's slightly impudent answer to Pugachev's request not to fight against him.
Shvabrin turned out to be not only a traitor to his country, but also a shameless hypocrite who took advantage of Grinev's departure to Orenburg. But for this he was punished by Pugachev, who learned from Peter that Shvabrin wants to forcefully marry Masha.
Compared to Grinev, Shvabrin seems to be a person deprived of all the qualities that Peter was endowed with. He was not familiar with such concepts as duty, honor, dignity. He did not respect the rights of women, and one might even say that he did not know how to love.
The story of Grinev's life in the Belogorsk fortress took a very large place in his notes. After all, it was in the Belogorsk fortress that Grinev learned to truly love, respect his country, and endure obstacles. And that's what made him a real man.

"The Captain's Daughter" - a work by A.S. Pushkin. The events described in this novel (story) take place during the Pugachev rebellion. The main place of action is the Belogorsk fortress. The narration comes from the name of the protagonist Pyotr Andreevich Grinev.

The hero of the novel was born in the Simbirsk province on the estate of his parents. Until the age of sixteen, Grinev indulged in fun with the yard boys. He didn't particularly want to study science. And there was no one to teach him a good education. The boy's father, a strict retired officer, decided that it was time to send his son to military service. Yes, not to Petersburg, where the youth will not be taught real military affairs. And where life and circumstances will teach the son everything necessary. So Petrusha Grinev was sent to serve in the Belogorsk fortress.

Imagination drew Peter a fortress with towers and bastions. What he saw in fact did not make a positive impression on the hero. The fortress turned out to be an ordinary village, surrounded by a palisade of logs. But they welcomed him there kindly. The commandant of the fortress treated Grinev downright paternally.

The first test sent to Petrusha Grinev was a duel with a colleague Shvabrin. Defending his honor and Masha, he bravely fought with swords and was wounded. After this event, Peter decided to ask for blessings from his father for marriage with Mashenka. But got rejected. The father was against his son marrying a dowry. Thus, not only Grinev's honor was tested for strength. His love feelings were also tested.

The next test of strength of character was the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by the rebels. The fortress could not stand the siege and was captured by rebels led by Emelyan Pugachev. Grinev bravely fought on a par with other defenders of the fortress. Despite desperate resistance, the fortress was captured by the enemy. The commandant and his wife were killed. Masha Mironova became an orphan in one day. And Peter, captured, was threatened with the death penalty. Savelich, an old servant, saved him from death.

The service of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev in the Belogorsk fortress was short. But she taught him such important life lessons. There he found a second home in the person of the commandant of the fortress and his family. I learned the first love, the betrayal of a colleague Shvabrin and accepted the first battle.

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