"Grotesque - the oldest artistic technique based, like hyperbole, on exaggeration sharpening the qualities and properties of people, objects, natural phenomena and facts of social life "However, not every exaggeration is grotesque. Here it has a special character: it is depicted absolutely fantastic, unrealistic, implausible and in no case is possible in real life.
Along with hyperbole, the grotesque was widely used in various myths, legends and fairy tales (for example, one can recall such a fairy-tale hero as Koschey the Immortal).
The effect of grotesque images is enhanced by the fact that they are usually shown on a par with ordinary, real events.
If we talk about the story of N.V. Gogol's "The Nose", then there is also a combination of an absurd story with the disappearance of the nose and the everyday reality of St. Petersburg . Gogol's image of Petersburg qualitatively different from those that were created, for example, by Pushkin or Dostoevsky. Just as for them, for Gogol it is not just a city - it is an image-symbol; but Gogol's Petersburg is the focus of some incredible power, mysterious incidents happen here; the city is full of rumors, legends, myths.
To depict Petersburg, Gogol uses such a technique as synecdoche- the transfer of signs of the whole to its part. Thus, it is enough to say about a uniform, an overcoat, a mustache, sideburns - or a nose - to give an exhaustive idea of a particular person. A person in the city becomes depersonalized, loses individuality, becomes part of the crowd
It seems that Gogol not without reason made St. Petersburg the scene of action of the story "The Nose". In his opinion, only here the indicated events could "occur", only in St. Petersburg they do not see the person himself behind the rank. Gogol brought the situation to the point of absurdity - the nose turned out to be a fifth-class official, and those around him, despite the obviousness of his "inhuman" nature, behave with him as with a normal person, respectively his status . Yes, and Kovalev himself - the owner of the runaway nose - behaves in exactly the same way.
Gogol built his plot in such a way that this incredible event - the sudden disappearance of the nose from the face and its further appearance on the street in the form of a state adviser - either does not surprise the characters at all, or surprises, but not with what it should, according to the logic of things. For example, a venerable gray-haired official from a newspaper expedition listens to Kovalev's request with absolutely indifference. Kvartalny, who returned his nose to Kovalev, also did not see anything strange in this situation and even out of habit asked him for money.
But what about Kovalev? He is not at all worried that without a nose, in principle, he should be deprived of the opportunity to breathe, and the first thing the major does not run to is a doctor, but to the chief police chief. He worries only about how he will now appear in society; throughout the story there are very often scenes when the major looks at pretty girls. Thanks to a small author's description, we know that he is now choosing a bride for himself. In addition, he has "very good acquaintances" - state councilor Chekhtareva, staff officer Pelageya Grigoryevna Podtochina, who obviously provide him with useful contacts. Surely this is an exaggeration to show the reader what is real value for the St. Petersburg official.
Nose behaves as it should" important person" in the rank of State Councilor: makes visits, prays in the Kazan Cathedral, calls in the department, is going to leave for Riga on someone else's passport. Nobody cares where he came from. Everyone sees in him not only a person, but also an important official . It is interesting that Kovalev himself, despite his efforts to expose him, approaches him with fear in the Kazan Cathedral and generally treats him as a person.
Grotesque in the story is also in surprise and, one might say, absurdity . From the very first line of the work, we see a clear designation of the date: "March 25th" - this does not immediately imply any fantasy. And then there's the missing nose. There was some kind of sharp deformation of everyday life, bringing it to complete unreality. The absurdity lies in an equally sharp change in the size of the nose. If on the first pages it is found by the barber Ivan Yakovlevich in a pie (i.e., it has a size that is quite consistent with a human nose), then at the moment Major Kovalev sees him for the first time, his nose is dressed in a uniform, suede trousers, a hat, and even has himself a sword - which means that he is as tall as an ordinary man. The last appearance of the nose in the story - and again it is small. The quarterly brings it wrapped in a piece of paper. It didn't matter to Gogol why the nose had suddenly grown to human size, and it didn't matter why it shrunk again. The central moment of the story is precisely the period when the nose was perceived as a normal person.
The plot of the story is conditional the idea itself is ridiculous , but this is exactly what Gogol's grotesque consists of and, despite this, is quite realistic. Gogol extraordinarily pushed the boundaries of conventionality and showed that this conventionality serves admirably for the knowledge of life. If in this in an absurd society, everything is determined by rank, then why can't this fantastically absurd organization of life be reproduced in a fantastic plot? Gogol shows that it is not only possible, but also quite expedient. And thus art forms ultimately reflect life forms.
How do the features of Gogol's "fantastic realism" appear in the story "The Nose"? - Exactly absurdity and fantasy caused such abundant criticism of the writer. But it should be understood that this story has a double meaning, and Gogol's intention is much deeper and more instructive than it seems at first glance. It is thanks to such an incredible plot that Gogol manages to draw attention to an important topic at that time - the position of a person in society, his status and the dependence of the individual on him . From the story it becomes clear that Kovalev, who for greater importance called himself a major, all his life dedicates to career and social status, he has no other hopes and priorities.
In Russian literature, the grotesque was widely used to create vivid and unusual artistic images N. V. Gogol ("The Nose", "Notes of a Madman"), M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin ("The History of a City", "The Wild Landowner" and other fairy tales ) , F. M. Dostoevsky ("Double. The Adventures of Mr. Golyadkin").
What does the loss of the nose mean for the hero of the story? - Kovalev is losing his nose - something that, it would seem, cannot be lost for no apparent reason - and now he cannot appear in a decent place, in a secular society, at work and in any other official institution. But he fails to agree with the nose, the nose pretends that it does not understand what its owner is talking about and ignores it. With this fantastic story, Gogol wants to emphasize the flaws of the then society, the shortcomings of thinking and consciousness of that layer of society , to which the collegiate assessor Kovalev belonged.
The grotesque is an unprecedented, special world that opposes not only everyday life, but also the real, the real. Here the grotesque borders on fantasy, unrealism. It shows how absurdly the terrible and the funny, the absurd and the authentic collide.
Such is the world of Gogol's story "The Nose". Is it possible in our time for the inexplicable disappearance of Major Kovalev's nose, his flight from his rightful owner, and then an equally inexplicable return to his place. Only using the grotesque-satirical genre, Gogol was able to show this ill-fated nose, which exists both as part of the face and in the form of a state adviser serving in the scientific department. What is surprising to us, does not surprise the rest of the characters in the comedy. Unusual occurrences make us angry, and everyone looks at it as if it were a planned action. In the end, we understand that the grotesque can exist without fantasy. If you think about it, then indeed some officials walk around with their noses up, and sometimes you think that their nose controls them. To some extent, Gogol described our society, he combined the real with the absurd, the funny with the terrible.
(literary study)
“They talked a lot about me, analyzing some of my sides, but they did not determine my main being. Only Pushkin heard him. He always told me that no other writer had this gift to expose the vulgarity of life so vividly, to be able to outline the vulgarity of a vulgar person in such force that all that trifle that escapes the eye would flash big into the eyes of everyone. Here is my main property ... "
N.V. Gogol. Fragment from the "Author's confession".
1.
Now, in our modern times, there is no definite opinion on the subject of the content of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol's strange story "The Nose". The phantasmagoric story remains a mystery of Russian classical literature. Indeed, what exactly did the author mean? For the most part, the reader recognizes a certain transcendent nature of the content of the narrative and is inclined to believe that the work is STRANGE.
There is a work in which the author quite seriously sees some Freudian meaning, subconscious motives and deals only with the characterization of the main character - Platon Kovalev. There is a work that reveals the intricate folk popular popular meaning of the story - silly, they say, traditional ... The school curriculum interprets the story as satirical and critical: they say, the state is a police state in which all characters wear masks, which even the author, N.V. Gogol tries on himself - the mask of a sort of simpleton in bewilderment ... There is a work that does not solve the problems of the story, but puts them, but how: puts Kovalev's nose in one row - and laughter and sin (and let the author of this work not be offended by me) - with Jesus Christ!
However, in my opinion, anything could be given to the school curriculum, but not The Nose. This, I think, is by no means a textbook work. I even dare to suggest that this is not a work at all, but an encryption of the work. A real work - the work that Gogol knew for sure - will never be published and will not be recognized.
The only serious, in my opinion, literary study on a given topic was presented only by Professor Olga Georgievna Dilaktorskaya, whose work reflects all the everyday aspects of the story: why the date of the loss of the nose is March 25, and why Kovalev’s meeting with the nose takes place in the Kazan Cathedral, and not in any other temple, and many, many other questions of everyday, modern story character. The study is complete and detailed, but even in it the respected author left questions to which he did not find an answer. For example, “Both the barber’s strange signboard and the nose strangely found in bread, which are not connected in any way in the external plot action, correlate with each other ...”, and “A gentle barber, according to Praskovya Osipovna, is“ a beast ”,“ a swindler ”,“ robber”, “drunkard”, a thunderstorm of noses, according to the policeman - a “thief” and a criminal. In this context, the phrase on its sign "and the blood is opened" takes on another meaning. With all the evidence, the barber's non-involvement in the story of the missing nose is called into question. At the same time, there are no hints in the text of the story about how the barber could participate in the misadventure with the major's nose.
I have the courage to argue. There are such hints in the story. And the barber is not without reason a robber. He is really directly involved in all the events with the nose and Kovalev. The barber is really a thief, really a swindler. And its sign is not just like that. And Kovalev's nose can be found precisely in baked bread and nowhere else. And all Gogol's contemporaries knew what he was talking about. But then the rules of decency in society were. There were topics that were not discussed, about which only hints are possible. Topics such as this one with "The Nose".
I offer my version.
The phantasmagoric plot presented by the author hides another plot - real and understandable, hidden by the author for some reason - in this I agree with the respected Professor Dilaktorskaya. And there must be good reasons. For example, a refusal to publish... Why not?... After all, Shevyrev and Pogodin "wrapped up" the publication of "The Nose" with the characteristic "dirty, vulgar and trivial." Somewhere they saw this dirt and vulgarity, which are not mentioned in the text? But Pushkin published with pleasure. And why would it?
It is clear that the version is among many and is a so-so version. What if you can prove it?
In general, I see at least two reasons in favor of this version.
The first is the identity of the author. Gogol is the bearer of Ukrainian culture, national character and subtle humor. The man is ironic, intelligent, keenly observant. These qualities may indicate remarkable talent and rare invention. After all, Chichikov is his hero, for example. Which was thrown to him by the same Pushkin. And to write about the collection of dead souls - you have to guess, huh? And it is unlikely that "The Nose" stands alone in this list... All Gogol's works are written in the style of observation, reportage, and the author does not hide his opinion anywhere. Well, what should be different, you ask, "Nose"?
The second reason is the story itself. Omitting the delusional content of the source, one can try to find the true voice of the author in all this. Hint. After all, if he really encrypted, then he left the “key”. So, you can try to find this notorious "key" in the story, which will reveal the secret meaning of all this nonsense. Dirty, vulgar, trivial meaning, which lay on the surface for some, and which amused Alexander Sergeevich so much, if we recall his "word of the publisher." Well, more on that below.
In fact, there were several interesting places in the text that you can “hook on”, so to speak.
First of all, the final word of the author, of course. I dare to cite it in the necessary abbreviation in order to highlight the main meaning, and anyone can read this part of the story in full of their own interest:
“This is a story that happened ... Now only ... we see that there is a lot of improbability in it ... a supernatural separation of the nose and its appearance in different places in the form of a state adviser - how did Kovalev not realize that it was impossible to apply to a newspaper expedition and announce a nose ?. But it's indecent, embarrassing, not good! And again - how did the nose end up in baked bread and how did Ivan Yakovlevich himself? .. no, I don’t understand this at all! But what is strange, what is most incomprehensible of all, is how authors can take such plots. I confess that this is completely incomprehensible ... Firstly, there is absolutely no benefit to the fatherland ... but nevertheless, with all that, although, of course, one can admit both one and the other, and the third ... well, and where are there no inconsistencies? .. And all the same, as you think about it, in all this, really, there is something. Say what you like, but such incidents in the world are rare, but they do happen.
Why would the author end up asking the reader questions? It is very similar to fixing questions to the material covered, isn't it? If we assume - purely hypothetically - that the answers to these questions do exist, then the author left them in the text. Where else? And when you find these answers, you can see the true meaning of the story. Q.E.D.
Clever, ironic Nikolai Vasilyevich warns the reader that, as the author, he knows for sure that in the presented version the work will not be understood and appreciated: some will say that this cannot be in the world, others will assume one thing, then another, then the third. He foresees reproaches: “how can authors take such plots”, and with a sly smile, nevertheless, declares: that such things do exist in the world. Rarely, but there are. So he knows what he's talking about. And the point is not at all in miracles, but in something else, hidden from the eyes. After all, it is not the noses that, in fact, come to life and leave their owners, right? So, did you really set the riddle? So encryption? All in all it turns out that it is. Then - what? How to parse and decipher a bunch of absurdities and absurdities that happen to the main character throughout the story?
Before embarking on an analysis of the work, I strongly advise the reader to brush up on the original text. Since this is a very tedious business - to give direct text in quotation marks, to make a footnote to it at the bottom of the page, and, in general, it is simply useful to re-read the classics sometimes. Especially THIS one.
One thing is certain: a hero. The main character is real. It remains to find a way in which one plot - real and mysterious, the author hid in another - awkward and illogical.
There are not so many ways to believe. The language cipher is immediately swept aside - the work is complete and coherent.
An allegory can be assumed, but then why so many strange and unnecessary details: from a shaggy, like a lapdog, horse on which Kovalev rushes to a newspaper expedition - to a detailed description of the costumes of the characters participating in the story. Although the allegory takes place in some places - for example, a passing story about a stealing treasurer in the form of a black poodle.
But there are really a lot of details.
Kovalev himself is described to the rings and prints on his fingers, which he wears with pleasure (although why would the reader know this?), while the barber Ivan Yakovlevich for some reason emphasizes foul-smelling hands twice (although his hands do not participate in events). In a word, the theatrical principle “if a gun hangs on the wall, then it will definitely shoot” does not work at all in this case. Yet. Events are transmitted in general, and details - in detail. For some reason, before returning his nose to Kovalev, the bright light of a candle is accentuated, breaking through the door cracks in a dark room. Well, why all these details if their action does not develop in the story? They seem tedious and superfluous, distracting from the course of events. There can be two explanations for this unfortunate fact.
So there is a second option. What if it is just these details that carry the main semantic load of what is happening? What if Nikolai Vasilyevich hid the true meaning of the story in them? I mean, he did it all on purpose. Maybe if you unravel the meaning laid down by the author in detail, then the solution will appear right there? But what if these details are something like symbols that mean something?
Or maybe it’s true, it’s all a dream… After all, what are the endings of each action: “but here again everything that happens is hidden by fog, and what happened next is decidedly unknown.” Maybe… But there is a “But”. Would a writer as strict with his work as Gogol, who rewrote Dead Souls several times, and burned the second volume, considering it unworthy of publication, become dirty with retelling some dream when he considered his Dikanka frankly weak?
Hardly. Even from the point of view of the layman, there is no sense in such an undertaking, and the literary interest is doubtful. In addition, shortly before the release of The Nose, Pushkin had already “plowed” the field of “dreams and dreams”, giving out The Undertaker, in which the main character simply dreamed of all the terrible events. Therefore, by the way, Gogol reworked the ending of The Nose - so as not to repeat, so to speak, in ideas. After all, Gogol is a strong and tenacious writer to write out human characters. And if he took such a plot, then - for a reason. So, there is a hitch.
But what if the hitch lies in some twisted plot?
When, for example, at the everyday level, sleep events can be deciphered into life events, then why cannot life events be encrypted by dream events? Why not? O.G. came close to this option. Dilaktorskaya, but did not develop the topic.
In connection with this assumption, I recall the reflection of one Chinese philosopher who dreamed of himself as a butterfly, and now does not know for sure whether he is a butterfly who dreamed that she was a philosopher ... or he is a philosopher who dreamed that he was a butterfly ...
Such a line-up of events would be very much in the spirit of Gogol. Here, he would definitely enjoy both the encryption process and the reaction of the narrow-minded and empty-spoken public. As, in fact, it happened. Such a plot would have greatly amused Pushkin, who in general was a great lover of all sorts of literary jokes and hooliganism. What kind of epigrams are there, they cannot be compared with a large-scale hoax of society.
Indeed, the idea is simple to genius. And only the lazy at that time did not solve dreams. It was customary to tell them to each other and solve them. How simple it turns out: unravel Major Kovalev's worries AS a dream, and you won't need either one, or the other, or the third (which, by the way, happened with the interpretations, as Nikolai Vasilievich suggested).
And the true meaning will be revealed.
What is it like to turn reality into a dream, huh?! Here's an idea, an idea! Having established the truth, we will only have to return things to their true position - to where they were before Gogol turned them into sleepy symbols.
Well, let's turn to the ancient Slavic traditions, the symbolism of sleep, which has been developing for centuries and which was used by Gogol, like his grandmothers and great-grandmothers before him, which we now use with the same ease.
2.
"It was, friends, Martin Zadek, Head of the Chaldean sages, Fortune teller, interpreter of dreams";
A.S. Pushkin. "Eugene Onegin".
The story is about a collegiate assessor Kovalev, who arrived in St. Petersburg after serving in the Caucasus. There, in just a couple of years, he received the title of collegiate assessor, which characterizes him as a courageous, adventurous and intelligent person. Indeed, where else can you get a quick promotion and salary, if not in a zone of paramilitary conflict? This guy definitely doesn't have the courage. His "fast" assessorship gave him incomparably greater prospects in civilian life than those that he would have received by honestly studying at the university. Who would be Major Kovalev now, in our time? It turns out that he is a provincial, a contract soldier of the Caucasian war, where he received a “quick” title. And now, as then, he would have come at the end of his term of service to conquer the capital. Then - Petersburg, now - Moscow ... "as needed, namely, to look for a place decent to one's rank: if possible, then a vice-governor, and not that - an executioner in some prominent place." Guba is not a fool, in a word. Well, yes, only cities take courage. After all, for something he was given the title SO FAST ...
And why shouldn't he dream and make such plans - after all, the first half of his plan was a success: he has the rank of major, the time saved on teaching - that is, youth. He has a romantic image of a hero and a good name as a defender of the fatherland. Plus a strong provincial grip. Well, it's natural...
This is what Major Kovalev essentially represents.
And after all, how did Nikolai Vasilyevich emphasize this: “A Caucasian collegiate assessor ... after all, collegiate assessors who receive this title with the help of academic certificates cannot be compared with those collegiate assessors who receive their title in the Caucasus. But Russia is such a wonderful land ... " Indeed, wonderful ... And nothing changes in it ...
Well, let's get back to our sufferer Major. As already mentioned, the description of the major's appearance contains a lot of small and unnecessary, at first glance, details: “... the collar of his shirt-front is always extremely clean and starched ... sideburns go to the middle of the cheek and ... reach the nose. Major Kovalev wore a lot of carnelian seals with coats of arms, and those on which it was carved: Wednesday, Thursday, Monday, etc.
And if we try to translate the description of Kovalev's image into sleepy symbols - so if we had a dream, and we would guess: why did we see so many different rings on his hands ... and why is his collar starched ... How do we see ourselves in a dream in a new attire, and in the morning we are already waiting for changes in reality or news.
This is the logic we apply.
For fidelity, let's turn to the modern story of Martyn Zadeka's dream book and the symbolic system of Evgeny Petrovich Tsvetkov. The latter’s research in this area seems to me the most complete and reliable, or something ... if we can talk about reliability in such a matter as solving dreams ... however, he mentioned in one of his comments that his research is based, among other things, on Old Russian dream books , whose symbols were used, perhaps, by all Gogol's contemporaries, like Nikolai Vasilyevich himself, which is confirmed by other sources.
So, according to the dream book, a COLLAR in a dream is a sign of prestige and social security. Kovalev's collar is not only always clean, but also starched - that is, it is artificially strengthened. This means that the social position of Kovalev is the same. He is clean, prestigious and stable in the eyes of others. Whiskers mean profit (148) in the dream book - how else could a military officer with such a grip ...
Even with such a superficial overlay of symbols on the image, dubbing of the direct descriptions of the character given by the author in the text is visible. But it could be a coincidence, why not. So you can check further.
And then Kovalev wakes up in the morning and first of all looks in the mirror, and in it he sees that there is no nose on his face. According to Tsvetkov - MIRROR - to look into it - as you see, such is the attitude towards you around (196), and according to Martyn Zadeke (hereinafter - M.Z.) - marriage, and losing the NOSE in a dream - to divorce or death (150) , or at a loss (M.Z). However, having an idea of the aspirations of Major Kovalev, it is not difficult to guess that the loss of a good name or reputation for him is like death, since he has nothing but a good name and reputation as a glorious hero, and it is on them that he relies in order to succeed in life.
For him, success = life. So if society turns away from him, he will lose his future. His social death will come, which is worse for him than physical, so, probably. In this context, his desperate exclamation is organic, which looks very strange in the text: “the nose disappeared for nothing, for nothing, wasted in vain, not for a penny!” (III, 64). According to Martyn Zadeka, who was popular in Gogol's time, it turns out that at one fine moment Kovalev found out that he had suddenly lost a profitable marriage.
Let's sum up a little. A certain provincial careerist (after all, he is in the capital out of necessity), with a reputation as a hero and the ability to deal with people, comes to conquer a big city, where he quickly acquires prestigious acquaintances (after all, every day he WALKED ALONG NEVSKY PROSPECT, and this is to make new acquaintances (138 ) Nevsky is not a simple street, but the main city street - it is not in vain that Gogol emphasizes this fact. They accept him, everything should move towards the fact that he will soon marry a rich woman, get some kind of chair and calm down. But one day they suddenly stop accepting him, he is discussed on every corner, someone has spread indecent rumors about him that society does not forgive.In a word, there will be no marriage!
That's what I think this story is about.
And nobody's noses have anything to do with it.
And the name should be something like "Reputation", or "Good Name". This is how the NOSE turns out. But - let's not delude ourselves. After all, even now we are not immune from some simple coincidences. And then you still need to confirm the assumptions, otherwise ... why is it all?
There are questions.
For example, this: why, in fact, such a prudent and thoughtful Kovalev suddenly lost his good name one day? After all, by and large, his reputation is all he has. Everything in his life revolves around one goal: it is profitable to marry. And then all the doors will open for him, and life will be arranged forever. Therefore, he does not miss a single skirt, each time hoping for a marriage arrangement. Marriage is his only path to high society. Where did he go wrong then? Why?
Or here's another: the barber Ivan Yakovlevich from Voznesensky Prospekt. After all, it was he who discovered the Major's nose in his baked bread, and then threw it into the river. What kind of character is he in the real story of Kovalev? What is his real second bottom, huh? Gogol characterizes him as follows: "A terrible drunkard ... the tailcoat was piebald ... the collar was shiny, and instead of three buttons only strings hung." Kovalyov used to shave with him, and often pointed out to the barber about his eternally stinky hands. And what can all this mean? According to the dream book DRUNK, DRUNKER - guilty, bad news, accusations (209), shame, trouble (M, Z,). The same fact was already established by the police, who exposed the barber of fraud with noses, returning to Kovalev the lost dignity of the face in a rag, blaming the barber for everything. But this is in the final. We are dealing with the author's application of the character. It means that he really is terribly guilty of the whole story from its very beginning.
It remains to be seen how. FRAC is piebald, in spots - his conscience, relationships with others, and also - failures in business (205). Well, what does the WASHED COLLAR mean - let's guess the first time - the lack of prestige and the unimportance of the social element. One more detail: BUTTONS - to lose - a stupid position (205). In pre-revolutionary Russia, the department of service was really determined by the type of buttons. Their absence on a tailcoat can be regarded as a lack of service, duties. BUTTONS also mean income, prosperity, but in our case it is the same thing: no service - no income. And the smell from the hands is a classic: "unclean" - we are talking about a dubious person. What happens? Ivan Yakovlevich is a shameless loser in a stupid position, a "scapegoat". And then - his trade - the barber - means cutting and shaving. He has an inscription above the door: “And they open the blood” - of course, the author's joke: they say, it’s like letting blood go - “opens it.” That is, he will cut while he cuts or shaves (always drunk, after all). According to the dream book, CUT - to be dishonored, betrayal (237), and SHAVING - to losses (M, Z). The conclusion suggests itself: the true, real occupation of Ivan Yakovlevich is really extremely doubtful: this comrade specializes in betrayal and introduction to losses, trades in dishonor - what could it be?
Maybe - blackmail, or a slander? Where is the evidence?
Let's go to the text. Everything is logical and complete there, otherwise Gogol would not be Gogol. After all, who could come up with such a thing? Surely an exceptionally intelligent person, endowed with an excellent sense of humor, which was the author. After all, did Gogol get the post of adjunct professor of world history at St. Petersburg University, himself having no higher education, so to speak? That's it.
However, let us return to Ivan Yakovlevich. So, one morning at breakfast, our barber cut the white bread into two halves and found a nose in the middle, in which he recognized the nose of our protagonist. After some confusion, he threw him, wrapped in a rag, into the river near St. Isaac's Bridge. The overseer noticed the machinations and seemed to begin to inquire what was being done, and why ... but suddenly “the incident is completely covered by fog, and what happened next is absolutely unknown”
In general, fresh soft white BREAD in a dream - to wealth, profit and new opportunities, and if there is something inside, then through this income and wait (211), (M.Z). That is, it seems to be a confirmation of our assumption about the type of fishing of Ivan Yakovlevich by blackmail. Indeed, how else to call this craft, if a person finds someone else's reputation and good name as the core of his wealth? That is, one fine day our barber suddenly became the owner of some compromising information about Major Kovalev. But what kind of information could a professional blackmailer and gossip get about the major?
There are two or three circumstances in mind in the story, which Gogol mentions in passing.
The first is the major's love for all kinds of rings and seals, which he wore in abundance with pleasure: remember the carnelian and other seals, and even those with the names of the days of the week?
According to the dream book, RINGS of any kind as an ornament are a symbol of connection and relationships (158). For example, in a dream, losing a ring means separation, and finding it means a connection or an offer (M.Z). Yes, and in reality, losing a ring is a bad omen, so that's it ... It would be logical to assume that Kovalev's abundance of rings is a sign of many connections and relationships with women. And the pleasure with which he wore them indicates, apparently, that the guy liked to brag about his victories, did not hide them. After all, the first thought when he saw himself in the mirror without a nose, what was it? About the fact that he will not be able to appear in the world (and he must marry!) And the second? That he has many familiar ladies, some of whom he is not averse to hanging around. Yes, and the author clearly indicated: the major was not averse to marrying, only he wanted a bride not anyhow, but with a dowry. And not anyhow, but not less than two hundred thousand. And as long as one was not nearby, the major does not refuse even one-day connections: remember, seals with the names of the days of the week: Wednesday, Thursday, Monday? This is what one-day connections are. That is, we can assume his trips to prostitutes. Why not? Well, what decent secular woman of the 19th century would agree to a one-day relationship, which the whole Nevsky would know about in the morning (after all, he wore seals in plain sight, with pleasure)?
There is a direct reference in the text to these Kovalev trips to the girls:
“A decent person will not be torn off buta,” declares a private bailiff, “there are a lot of all kinds of majors in the world who. . . dragging around all sorts of obscene places ”(III, 63). And Gogol, using his author's word, confirms his full agreement with the opinion of the private bailiff: "That is, not in the eyebrow, but right in the eye!" (III, 63).
Like, what did you want, major, for your behavior? If you lived like a human, and you would have a human reputation...
It is strange why the researchers of the "Nose" did not pay attention to these words ...
This may be the reason for the exposure. Kovalev is an officer, a hero. Dear member of society, and suddenly - prostitutes. Not good…
Second circumstance. It was as if there was a connection with a certain young lady, whom the major sailed and abandoned and categorically did not want to marry - we learn about this from the episode with his letter to her mother, staff officer Podtochina. By the way, this letter was written by Kovalev after the accusation of the barber blackmailer. Another interesting episode is the appearance of a policeman in Kovalev's house.
The third circumstance is the meaning of sleepy symbols according to Martyn Zadek, which Gogol's contemporaries were so fond of: the nose disappeared - the marriage was upset, found in bread - through this wealth received. It's that simple.
It is noteworthy that Ivan Yakovlevich has a strained relationship with the police, which he encounters at least twice. For the first time - when our hairdresser tried to throw someone else's nose into the river. Considering that NOS is Kovalev's marriage, on which he made the main bet in life, Kovalev's life itself, his reputation, and RIVER - speeches, conversations (M.Z), then he was attracted just at the moment when he "leaked" confidential information about the major to the masses, so to speak. That is, he was caught spreading rumors about a respected person. This place is described in detail, and there is even an interesting conversation between the barber and the overseer. The warden is trying to find out what Ivan Yakovlevich is doing, and he, in turn, offers him a bribe in the form of free service: they say, “salt” to you that I will find out completely free of charge ... Like, did they call an informant? It is not known how they ended up there, because it was at that moment that everything was covered in darkness ... That's it ... That is, the fact of trouble with the police is clearly indicated by the author. From this moment on, our swindler completely leaves the story and appears only at the end, when the policeman personally returned his good name to Kovalev and said that the culprit of the incident had been found, which seems completely illogical in the context of the story. And this happens precisely at the moment when Kovalev himself has already despaired of correcting the situation. After all, despite the established fact of guilt, it remains unclear why the information about the rampant and immoral behavior of Major Kovalev received such a negative public response. But if we impose a dream meaning on the canvas of these phantasmagoric events, then everything immediately falls into place. Here is a loser and a blackmailer who declares publicly: why am I worse than others? There - the hero of the Caucasian war, collegiate assessor Kovalev - visits the "ladies" and does not hide it, deceived the girl, but refuses to marry, boasts of victories over noble women! And at the same time he makes a rich marriage! Why, you ask, am I worse than him? The fact that I don’t have a shoulder strap and don’t have a service?! Here's how the events unfolded roughly according to the decoding.
I apologize for a slight digression and return to the letter sent by Kovalev Podtochina in a moment of despair. This letter is the last, extreme step that Kovalev decides to take, before “submitting a complaint.” Indeed, despite the fact that the culprit of the leapfrog was found, Kovalev's position did not improve. He is still not accepted (the nose does not stick). These are the circumstances under which he writes to the staff officer in the hope that she will not agree to return his good name without a fight without a serious need to marry her daughter. He DOES NOT UNDERSTAND why he is not accepted. He is sure that all this is because of the girl who told her mother about their relationship and now they are compromising him in order to force him to marry. In the context of the story, this letter looks strange, by the way: moreover, some kind of daughter .... Where did she come from when there was no hint of her anywhere. Now it's clear where.
Well, what is next with his daughter, with our major? With her mother, to be precise, who is accused by Kovalev of terrible deceit - to marry! What more! In a letter, he declares to her that under no circumstances will he marry her daughter, that he will rather sue for the return of his good name!
Podtochina did not enter at all, what is the matter with Kovalev. From her answer, it is clear that, firstly, her daughter did not pass him, and secondly, that this woman is simple-hearted and incapable of meanness at all. And therefore, one cannot be guilty of the mess, which Kovalev immediately came to after reading her letter.
But he continues to DO NOT UNDERSTAND why he is not accepted. Although - what is easier, pray tell? Well, trips to prostitutes came out, a secret relationship with some girl, noble mistresses (do we remember carnelian seals?) - well, and what's wrong with that ?! He is a military officer, a hero, for what reason - it is impossible ?! Such is Platon Kuzmich Kovalev in his reflections. He will never understand that his behavior is immoral, that the honor of a girl has a price and is compromised by HIS mercy, that ties with prostitutes are shameful, and everything, EVERYTHING that he likes, must be hidden, and in no case should he boast about it. This is public opinion, quite justified. After all, even today the reason for the resignation of one high-ranking Russian prosecutor was precisely the video filming with “girls” with whom “a person very similar to the prosecutor” “came off”. So here it is.
However, Kovalev is a provincial in the bad sense of the word. The capital for him is a symbol of a beautiful life. And this is exactly how he sees the beautiful life he leads. And amorous victories are its indispensable attribute. It is important for him that everyone knows what a macho and hero he is, not only in the Caucasus mountains. He does not see the boundaries of moral and immoral behavior. It is not surprising that such a character as Ivan Yakovlevich also learned about his exploits. Well, he leaked his opinion to the people. And he got caught by the police, because he has no protection either in service or in income. Like this.
Well, yes, letters are letters, but the city has been buzzing all this time. The unpleasant story of the conqueror of ladies' hearts is discussed at every corner. It is not for nothing that at this point in the story the major's nose is seen either on Nevsky Prospekt or in Juncker's shop. Entire crowds are going to look at the nose of Major Kovalev, and no one is interested in where his owner, Kovalev, is at that moment. But CROWD (137), CRUSH (180), WIDE STREETS, SQUARE (136) - it's all the same: news, scandals, public hearings, obstacles and public outcry.
The nose - A good name in connection with the upset marriage of Major Kovalev - is now in full view: it is discussed, condemned, considered through a magnifying glass of moral values: it’s necessary, they say, a war hero, an officer, an assessor and - such a vile, vile one. How can such a person have such merits. So it turns out that the major turned out separately, and his ranks and regalia - separately.
Interesting from the point of view of some issues of morality is the meeting of Kovalev in the temple with his own nose. CHURCH - to pray in it - fortunately in all matters, to enter - remorse, the temple - well-being (138). Here the author declared the climax of the story, the moment of truth for both the protagonist and the reader. Kovalev, in his social vacuum due to the loss of his reputation, suddenly realizes and sees clearly that a GOOD NAME is an independent value. Remember - the Nose in the temple "prayed with an expression of the greatest piety", and Kovalev shoots his eyes at the girls.
Remember their dialogue? The nose then answered Kovalev:
-You are mistaken, sir, I am on my own. Moreover, there can be no close relationship between us. Judging by the buttons of your uniform, you must serve in another department.
How everything immediately becomes clear, isn't it? It is now easy to translate this phrase:
-Your GOOD NAME is now on its own. There is nothing in common between you. Judging by you, you do not deserve it in the way you study.
This is the sentence Gogol issued to his hero.
Now we know exactly what signs a GOOD NAME has from the point of view of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. To do this, carefully examine the suit of the Nose and explain what's what.
I will not re-quote the source - the work is small, and the reader himself, if he wants, will find both the scene in the church and the description of the Nose's costume.
Well then. Again - COLLAR - high, standing: a strong social position. A HAT with a plume - profit (161) (and this is also the dream of Kovalev himself: the rank of state councilor). A UNIQUE embroidered with gold is a privilege in this interpretation.
That is, a GOOD NAME brings Kovalev EVERYTHING that he dreamed of, if he understood it right away. But no ... He's all for the women ... That's the result.
The conflict becomes transparent and understandable to the end: take care of the dress from the new, and honor - from a young age. Honor, it turns out, is an independent and independent value. A good name, reputation - this turns out to be something without which you will not get anything in life, you will not fulfill a single desire. They are life itself. It is interesting to recall in this vein that in ancient Egypt the nose was also considered a symbol of the transition from life to death in some way. A philosophical question arises: what, then, should be considered death at all? Kovalev, for example, the loss of honor of a respectable citizen is tantamount to death. The plot is interesting, isn't it? It is not for nothing that Gogol indicated this discovery in the temple: after all, it is true, everything is from God. But even in the house of God, our fellow still shoots with his eyes at pretty girls. Uncorrectable. Not understanding what is happening, he continues to suffer quite sincerely in his isolation: “... out there and a friend ... the court adviser is coming ... out and Yarygin, the clerk in the Senate ... out and another major who received an assessorship in the Caucasus ... "Everyone, they say, is the same as me ... They live the same way ... they are no different from me ... Y-yes. Are different. They are silent about all this. They do not want to "get into history."
However, let's go further. After all, the story must have another turn. What is our major doing next? How is he going to get his good name back? He is looking for support. He rushed to the chief of police, but he, of course, did not receive him. After that, he took a cab and desperately shouted to him: straight ahead! - but immediately faced with a choice: to the right or to the left? In theory, I should have gone straight to the Deanery Council (and where else would such a scoundrel be?), but I decided to go on a newspaper expedition. Translating from Russian into Russian, he decided to declare in the newspaper about his misfortune and strong indignation about this: Well, I went to the girls! Well, "threw" the young lady! And what?! He is a hero, he has merits, regalia, a title in the end - what, he has no right ?! And do not dare to discuss!
Well, is it really so? After all, this would actually be a scandal of morals: I will behave as I please - even if with women - what's wrong with that ?! I'm a hero! I have merit! Oh ... Scandal, in a word. For this reason, he received a refusal from the newspaperman. He was bluntly told that such announcements would damage the newspaper's reputation. In addition, there was already a similar announcement: they say, a black-haired poodle ran away. The poodle later turned out to be the treasurer. Brad, fantasy? Not at all. A DOG is a friend, a reliable person, if she ran away (in a dream) - to loss, and also black wool - bad news, losses (142). So it turns out that they entrusted the person with funds, relied on him, and he, the dog, ran away! So everything is simple and clear. So both the dog and the nose are solid allegories ...
Well, Nikolai Vasilyevich, how are we solving your joke on the sly?
After the rejection of the editorial office, Kovalev, not having a salty slurp, went to a private bailiff - to look for legal justice, but he, so to speak, sent him (well, there is no nose and that's it). What do you want, major? Your behavior is not regulated by law. But it's not encouraged, either.
Having received a turn from the gate everywhere, the major only began to think that the matter was in women! And he wrote a letter to Podtochina. But even here, I didn't guess. The deceived girl did not hand it over to her mother - she also has a Good Name, and she values \u200b\u200bit it.
And so he ends up at home alone, in the dark. DARKNESS according to the dream book - difficulties and uncertainty (140). He thinks the thought is bitter, the barber's shave recalls (not unreasonably), after which all his adventures began. And then his thoughts were interrupted by "a light that flashed through all the holes of the doors." It was Ivan who lit the Candle and walked with it to the owner in the dark, "brightly illuminating the whole room."
A few minutes later the chief of police appeared and returned Kovalyov's nose. I wonder what Ivan has to do with a candle, why? And then, I think that this "extra" detail is an accent, Gogol's clue to the cipher. Because a CANDLE lit in a dream - according to Martyn Zadek - in general to marriage! And - exactly to good luck in a hopeless case (205). Isn't that what Kovalyov's case is like? And the LIGHT from the cracks through the closed doors is good luck despite the obstacles from people (129). And if the LIGHT is bright - this is definitely a great success, and the sick (like a noseless major) - to recovery (139). That is, Gogol makes it clear with this detail that although there will be more obstacles, now everything will definitely grow together with Kovalev (in the literal sense). The rumor spreader is captured and declared guilty. The police found out that our barber is generally a criminal person, he loses his occupation (which is natural) and was shifted from Voznesenskaya to Sezzhuya. This is also natural, isn't it?
So, the culprit of the rumors has been caught, the major's civic reputation has been restored (the nose has grown in the end), and the major even "shines" marriage again, but! Now - if "so simple, for love."
Dirty story, in a word, it turns out. So the answer was found, what is the reason for encryption. Who will publish this? With such material on a newspaper expedition - you can’t ...
No wonder V. G. Belinsky exclaimed about the hero of the "Nose": "He is not Major Kovalev, but Majors Kovalev." In the critic's definition, not just the concept of typing is singled out, but typing raised to a power.
And he knew exactly what he was talking about.
N.G. Chernyshevsky, arguing with those literary critics who compared Gogol the science fiction writer with Hoffmann, pointed out that, unlike the latter, Gogol did not invent anything, but only used well-known plots. “With Hoffmann,” Chernyshevsky wrote, “Gogol has not the slightest resemblance: one himself invents, independently invents fantastic adventures from purely German life, the other literally retells Little Russian legends (“Viy”) or well-known anecdotes (“The Nose”). The fact that for Chernyshevsky, as well as for contemporaries of the story in general, was a well-known anecdote, for generations of literary critics arguing about the sources of the story "The Nose", is a historical mystery. We are talking about the tradition of popular popular art: simple-plot pictures with plain explanatory text. Only Gogol “wrapped this picture in a rag” - he wrapped it with a second meaning, which was also transparently understandable to all his contemporaries, which some rejected because of the subtlety of their instincts - like Shevyrev and Pogodin, for example.
And this indecent meaning amused others - like, for example, Pushkin.
As proof, I will cite this well-known fact: the first drafts of the story "The Nose" date back to the end of 1832 or the beginning of 1833, and its draft version was completed no later than August 1834. In 1835. Gogol began to finalize the story, intending to publish it in the Moscow Observer, a journal that was started in Moscow by Gogol's friends S.P. Shevyrev and M.P. Pogodin, and in which Gogol was going to take an active part. On March 18, 1835, he sent the manuscript to Moscow, accompanying it with a letter to Pogodin: "I am sending you a nose (...) If in the case your stupid censorship is tied to the fact that the nose cannot be in the Kazan Church, then perhaps you can I don't think she's gone out of her mind to that extent... However, The Nose never appeared in The Moscow Observer: according to Belinsky's later testimony, Shevyrev and Pogodin rejected the story as "dirty, vulgar and trivial. "A strange conclusion, given that, firstly, his friends refused him, and secondly, a fairy tale plot: well, the nose was gone, well, the nose was found. Well, what's in this vulgar, vulgar, dirty, trivial? Why refused?
Of course, one must understand all the sarcasm of Pushkin's statement: oh, well, I really didn't agree ... oh, how much fantastic and funny! Oh, how original - to turn his own, Pushkin's idea of describing a dream inside out! Write about a rogue, a womanizer who goes to prostitutes, seduces decent girls, builds a profitable marriage - and with all this - a decent person, respected by society - and no one will notice! SUCH a manuscript really gave Alexander Sergeevich pleasure, who would doubt it. He himself, a lover of epigrams and public provocations, could not help but publish such a large-scale and ambiguous provocation: everyone understands what it is about, but formally, according to the plot, you can’t find fault. That is why it can be assumed with almost complete certainty that everyone knew the true meaning of The Nose: both Shevyrev and Pogodin, who “wrapped up” the manuscript, and Pushkin, of course, and Belinsky. Who quickly called Kovalev a social phenomenon. So that…
3.
Here, in fact, almost everything. We answered the main questions of the author: and why Kovalev did not realize that he should not go on a newspaper expedition - because his behavior scandalized the moral values of society; and how his nose ended up in baked bread - because in this way the author coded the center of the blackmail intrigue; and we even agree that such stories still exist in the world - how they happen! And the rarity, the exclusivity of this story is precisely in the fact that Kovalev came out unscathed: he retained his title, assessorship and connections. Such stories, as a rule, end with resignations at least. Together with the main character, we got an exceptional opportunity to rejoice at such a happy turn of events for him and his return to the camp of the chosen society.
It remains to summarize in general terms and finally find out what Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol really wanted to convey to us and, most importantly, why he encrypted and hid the true course of events.
Of course, the real title of the story is something like "The Tale of a Good Name" or "Reputation". And its content is by no means more nonsense, and not a phantasmagoria, and not a dream, and not the fruit of a strange fantasy.
This is a story-reflection about true and false values, about delusions and discoveries, about losses and gains of the soul. It turns out that you can be beautiful, smart, brave, have success with women, money and connections - you can have all the benefits of the world and rely on your exclusivity and - make a mistake. Because the main wealth of life is completely different: respect for public opinion, moral principles based on love. Sincerity and honesty with people - whether they are men or women. And - love itself, around which the intrigue of the whole action revolves. These ephemeral categories, which cannot be put in your pocket or tasted, are the basis for the fulfillment of our desires. Any desire. Especially if you are smart, handsome, and brave on top of everything else. This ephemeral filling of the soul was not enough for Kovalev. After all, even a newspaperman - and he cares about the reputation of the publication, that's how it is.
What Kovalev was really lucky with was with the barber, since he was made a scapegoat (a loser, what to take from him). So it turns out that the mediocre loser started a rumor about Kovalev, stole from him a brilliant future in the form of a profitable marriage - “thief, swindler, villain”, buried his reputation with his own hands - and he himself suffered for his words: it turned out - he slandered a noble person . After all, from the point of view of society - who is he - Ivan, how is he ... And who is Kovalev ... So that's it ... Kovalev will not see a rich bride. But they didn’t refuse the houses either - it’s not his fault! They talked him out! It is rare for anyone to be lucky in such stories. Rare luck, rare. The plot is interesting and really worthy of the book. Only “you can’t write about it so directly ... it’s not good ... awkward ...” Gogol knew what he wrote about, he knew everything. And now our officials are not very eager to advertise their amorous connections. Well, yes, this was already discussed ... such an eternal story. Oh, eternal.
On this occasion, there is a remark by M.Yu. Lermontov in "Princess Ligovskaya": "Oh! Our history is a terrible thing; nobly or lowly you acted, right or wrong, could avoid or could not, but your name is involved in history ... anyway, you lose everything: the location of society, careers, friends ... nothing can be worse than this, no matter how this story ends !.. You forced to talk about yourself for two days. Suffer for twenty years for this!.. In our country, a declared bribe taker is received very well everywhere: he is justified with the phrase: and! who does not do this!.. A coward is treated kindly everywhere, because he is a meek fellow, but mixed up in history! - about! he has no mercy: his mothers say of him: “God knows what kind of man he is!”, and the fathers add: “Scoundrel!”
That's the whole point, isn't it? Major Kovalev, as a provincial, did not know, and could not know the rules of "light", so he got caught. So he does not understand why Yarygin walks, as if nothing had happened; and a collegiate assessor like himself... And all because they know the rules of the game, but he doesn't. Therefore, he will not see more profitable bride - "God knows what kind of person he is" ...
But here again the question arises. Yes, our hero had a hard time without a nose. But why rejoice if our hero is still in the end, in the literal sense, left with a nose? That is, in reality - with nothing. He will no longer be able to marry a rich woman - Ivan Yakovlevich, although accused of all sins, nevertheless buried Kovalev's reputation (he buried his nose). Kovalev will not have two hundred thousand. Yes, and the coveted chairs no longer shine for him. Now he is only out of love - as before ... And he is happy, like a child! This is strange. Although ... After all, he could lose everything, even the opportunity to simply live in the capital (what to do in it if they are driven from everywhere like a dog). And it all ended simply with the cessation of social prospects. But this story was forgiven him - it was not his fault! - and accept again. That's luck so luck! God be with them, with prospects, the girls, after all, remained! Some - let it go for him! This is how Platon Kuzmich remained with his nose and completely happy.
Conclusion.
The idea of encrypting a dirty and obscene plot with sleepy symbols is simple and ingenious. Only how could Nikolai Vasilyevich know that someday people would stop solving dreams.
But he knew for sure that, once he found out the true content of his fantastic story, people “would become indecent, awkward, not good!” Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol had great fun writing this puzzle ... And Alexander Sergeevich, judging by his word from the publisher, also received complete pleasure from this whole idea. And if they could only assume that performances would be staged based on this story... and films would be made... Ha-ha-ha... They could just as well film Nostradamus's quatrains... well, really, it's funny.
Nikolai Vasilyevich has long been gone from the world. But even now, after 200 years, human values do not change. More and more new kovalevs come to conquer the capital, and nothing changes under the sun. And Gogol chuckled, probably with his sly Ukrainian smile: well, have you eaten it? Weak to figure out what I wanted to convey to you?
It's not weak anymore. Guessed. And your story doesn’t fit into the school curriculum, oh ... it’s not in vain that they encrypted it ...
Footnotes:
1. DIAGNOSIS - GENIUS. V.F. Chizh, Konstantin Kedrov "Gogol's Disease", M., "Republic"
2. Rovinsky, SOBR. Op. in 5 volumes. The picture and text of "Adventures about the Nose" are placed in the five-volume collection of Rovinsky under number 183 (Rovinsky I, pp. 420-422; ill. 1). It also contains information about three editions of this picture. The first was made at the Akhmetyevskaya factory by master Chuvaev and belongs to the second half of the 18th century. The second came out in the 1820s and 1830s, and the third in the 1830s and 1840s. The second and third contained minor changes.
3. Tearing off all and sundry masks. Lesson-study based on the novel by N. V. Gogol "The Nose". Galina Ivanovna Perfilyeva, teacher of Russian language and literature.
4. Bulletin of SamSU, 2003, Spec. Issue, L.P. Rassovskaya, “The blasphemous works of Pushkin and Gogol (“Gavriliada” and “The Nose”)” An important feature of the story has long been noted - the absence of any explanation not only of the main event, but also of plot collisions. And in fact, how did the nose disappear from Kovalev's face, and what does the barber Ivan Yakovlevich have to do with it if he shaved the major two days before; how did it get into the bread and why was it not baked in it; who and in what capacity - a nose or a person - pulled him out of the river; how simultaneously coexist, without merging, nose and man; how to explain the "incorruptibility" of the nose for two weeks before rejoining the circulatory system of its owner's body? (...) If we analyze their sound, then the hidden logic of the development of the action is revealed - parodic. The Annunciation is a holiday that for many centuries was considered not a holiday of Mary, but a holiday of Jesus, as the first day of its existence, the initial moment in the history of the incarnation of God, i.e. earthly life of the Savior. In his attempt at incarnation, Mr. Nos dispensed with his mother, and his symbolic "father" was Kovalev. Having passed the initiation and becoming an official, he wanted to go on a journey (like Christ at the beginning of his mission), but was captured and deprived of his human status, but his “body” remained incorruptible, and on Easter Sunday he was reunited with his “father” (ascended) ". page 13
5. Russian literature. - 1984. - No. 1. P. 153 - 166, O.G. Dilactorskaya. Fantastic in the story of N.V. Gogol's "Nose"
6. Belinsky, full. SOBR. Soch., vol. 3, M., 1953, p. 105
7. Sovremennik magazine, M., 1836, No. 3, reprint ed.
8. “Gogol himself believed that only Dead Souls would solve the riddle of his existence. “I decided firmly not to reveal anything from my spiritual history (...), - he wrote in the “Author's confession”, - in the confidence that when the second and third volumes of “Dead Souls” come out, everything will be explained by them and no one will ask: what is the author himself?..” Vladimir Voropaev on the 150th anniversary of the death of N.V. Gogol's article "Schemer broken in spirit". Bulletin of the UOC, 01.04.2002.
9. “While working on The Nose, Gogol remade the ending of the story: initially, the fantastic nature of the events described in it was motivated by Major Kovalev’s dream. The change in ending was most likely caused by the appearance in the "Northern Bee", No. 192 of August 27, 1834, signed "R.M." reviews of Pushkin's story, which criticized as extremely outdated the motivation of fantasy by sleep, used in The Undertaker. Reworking the end of The Nose, Gogol took into account the remark of "R.M." and at the same time parodied his review. When published, the story suffered significantly from censorship: Kovalev's meeting with Nos was moved from the Kazan Cathedral to Gostiny Dvor, a number of sharp satirical statements were eliminated. In the collected works of Gogol in 1842, "The Nose" was placed in the third volume, among other stories related to the St. Petersburg theme. At the same time, the ending of the story was once again revised. The well-known critic of the 1940s and 1950s, Apollon Grigoriev, called The Nose a "deep fantastic" work in which "a whole life is empty, aimlessly formal, (...) restlessly moving - stands in front of you with this swaggering nose - and, if you know it, this life - and you can’t not know it after all the details that the great artist unfolds before you, then the “mirage life” causes you not only laughter, but also chilling horror. .N. Virolainen and O. G. Dilaktorskaya
Published according to the edition: "Russian fantastic prose
era of romanticism", Publishing House of the Leningrad University
10. “Gogol, as we remember, chose a peculiar technique for presenting the fantastic, as if twisting the generally accepted one - a dream similar to reality. In any case, the motive of sleep (perhaps as a vestige of the first edition) is tangible in the story. Kovalev, in connection with the fantastic disappearance of his nose, is delirious in reality as in a dream: “This, right, is either a dream, or just a daydream. . . The Major pinched himself. . . This pain completely assured him that he was acting and living in reality. . ." (III, 65). The motif of reality, like a dream, permeates the entire plot of the story. O.G. Dilactorskaya. The story of N.V. Gogol's "The Nose" (everyday fact as a structural element of fiction), Bulletin of Leningrad State University, 1983, issue 3
11. At the end of the second chapter of Zhuangzi is one of the most famous fragments: Once Zhuang Zhou dreamed that he was a butterfly fluttering in the air and pleased with himself. He did not know that he was Zhuang Zhou. Suddenly he woke up and realized that he was Zhuang Zhou. Only he did not know who he was - whether Zhuang Zhou, who dreamed that he was a butterfly, or he was a butterfly, who dreamed that he was Zhuang Zhou. But there is a difference between Zhuang Zhou and a butterfly! This is what is called the transformation of ten thousand things! Zhuang Zhou Born: 4th c. BC, Died: III c. BC, Main works: "Zhuangzi".
12. With the help of popular prints, interest in the interpretation of dreams through "dream books" was strongly supported, one of which (Martyn Zadeki) will be commemorated in "Eugene Onegin". In a more educated society, fortune-telling has long been turned into secular fun, into salon entertainment. Interesting in this regard is a French book of the 15th century, published according to the manuscript by A. Bobrinsky and characterized by A. N. Veselovsky in the Vestnik Evropy for 1886. Such is the fate of many other fortune-telling: from a serious, albeit naive desire to know the world and fate - to cultural experience in the form of slight superstition, entertainment, play.
13. Code of Laws of the Russian Empire. SPb., 1835, p. 105.
14. See the text "Nose"
15. See the text "Nose"
16. See the text "Nose"
17. “By the way, the well-known dream book of Martyn Zadeki was also referred to as “Ancient and new everlasting fortune-telling oracle, found after the death of one hundred and six-year-old elder Martin Zadek, by which he recognized the fate of everyone through the circles of human happiness and misfortune, with the addition of a Magic Mirror or the interpretation of dreams; also the rules of Physiognomy and Palmistry, or Sciences, how to recognize by the composition of the body and the location of the hand or the traits of the properties and the fate of the male and female with the application of his own Zadek predictions of the most curious incidents in Europe, an event justified, with the addition of Hocus Pocus and funny riddles with riddles " (M., 1814). Yu. M. Lotman rightly points out the possibility that this book was in Pushkin's library. Lotman Yu. M. Roman A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin": Commentary. L., 1983. P. 277. Fundamental electronic library "Russian literature and folklore", V.V. Golovin, p. 186. (http://feb-web.ru/feb/pushkin/serial/v91/v91-181-.htm)
18. With the help of popular prints, interest in the interpretation of dreams through "dream books" was strongly supported, one of which (Martyn Zadeki) will be commemorated in "Eugene Onegin". In a more educated society, fortune-telling has long been turned into secular fun in salon entertainment. Interesting in this regard is a French book of the 15th century, published according to the manuscript by A. Bobrinsky and characterized by A.N. Veselovsky in Vestnik Evropy for 1886. Such is the fate of many other fortune-telling: from a serious, albeit naive desire to know the world and destiny - to a cultural experience in the form of light superstition, entertainment, games. Smirnov Vasily. Folk divination in the Kostroma region. Essay and texts, Kostroma, 1927.
19. “The trustee of the St. Petersburg educational district, Prince M.A. Dondukov-Korsakov, invited him (Gogol - approx. O.A. Savina) to the Imperial St. Petersburg University. On July 24, 1834, Gogol received the post of adjunct professor in the department of general history, and in the autumn of that year he began lecturing for second-year students "according to his own notes" - first on the history of the Middle Ages (4 hours a week), and then on ancient history (2 hours a week) ... Gogol at that time was a very young man, “although already with a name in literature, but without any academic title, who did not prove either knowledge or abilities for the department - and which department - university ! It is not surprising, therefore, that in the teaching environment his appointment was perceived with disapproval. “This can only be done in Russia, where patronage gives the right to everything,” A.V. Nikitenko, a literary critic, professor of literature at St. letter to M.P. Pogodin that the time spent there was "years of infamy." None of the grandiose scientific works he conceived saw the light of day - because it was never written. E.V. Kardash,
Candidate of Philological Sciences, Researcher at the Department of Pushkin Studies
IRLI (Pushkin House) RAS, St. Petersburg University Journal, No. 7, April 29, 2009
20. “… Skuratov was in charge of the case against Sibneft…
The investigations were halted when Prosecutor General Yuri Skuratov was removed from office after apparently falling into the standard "woman" trap. A videotape was circulated showing a middle-aged man resembling an Attorney General in bed with two young women. The video was of poor quality, and therefore the features of the man's face could not be seen with confidence, but in terms of physique he really did resemble Skuratov. Dominic Kennedy, "The Times", UK, 11/12/2004, Translation: "InoSMI.Ru"
21. Pray according to Tsvetkov’s dream book - fortunately in all matters, and in general they say among the people - “what you prayed for in a dream, you were touched in reality.” Indeed, marriage would give Kovalev happiness in all matters ...
22. One of the aspects of Inpu was embodied in the god Upuat. The form of Upuat was interpreted as leading, opening the way. In the book Amduat, in the description of the first hour of the night, Upuat is placed on the prow of a boat of millions of years. The boat of millions of years symbolized the journey of the soul through the river of countless lives and deaths. The earthly path is a reflection of the heavenly path, the path through the Milky Way, which the Egyptians called the winding stream. One of the basic principles in Ancient Egypt was the principle of change and the principle of rhythm, which, when combined, give the principle of cyclic changes. And the elements of the boat Sektet, respectively, the bow, hull and stern formed a semantic unity with the phases of the cosmic cycle. At the same time, the boat itself symbolized the way to overcome this inconstancy. Site "World Religions"
23. Belinsky V. G. Full. coll. soch., vol. 3. M., 1953, p. 105.
24. (Chernyshevsky 1953, p. 141)
25. Full SOBR. Op. Gogol, letter to Pogodin dated March 18, 1835.
26. Belinsky V. G. Full. coll. soch., vol. 3. M., 1953, p. 105.
27. Lermontov, SOBR. Op. in 4 volumes, v.4, M., 1969, p. 130
28. Russian writers of the 19th century about their works. M., New School, 1995, pp. 45-59
Literature:
1. Gogol N.V. Full. coll. cit., vol. III. [M.-L.], 1938, p. 53. Further references to this edition are given in the text.
2.O.G. Dilactorskaya. The story of N.V. Gogol's "The Nose" (everyday fact as a structural element of fiction), Bulletin of Leningrad State University, 1983, issue 3
3. O.G. Dilactorskaya. The Fantastic in Gogol's Nose, Russian Literature, 1984.
4. E.P. Tsvetkov "Dream Interpretation", Moscow, TID "Continent-Press", 2000.
5. M.Yu. Lermontov Collected works in 4 volumes, vol. 4, Ogonyok Library, ed. True, 1969.
6. The newest dream interpreter that tells the truth-womb. M., 1829.
7. Rovinsky. Collection of Op. in 5 volumes, v. 1
8. Belinsky. Full SOBR. Soch., vol. 3., M., 1953.
9. Russian writers about their works. Moscow, New school, 1995.
10. Chernyshevsky, M., 1953.
11. Bulletin of SamSU, Spec. Issue, L.P. Rassovskaya "The blasphemous works of Pushkin and Gogol ("Gavriliada" and "The Nose")
12. Dream Interpretation of Martyn Zadeki, ed. Matyukhina Yu.A., Eksmo, 2008.
13. Literary magazine "Russian Life", St.-Fri., 2005, article by Yuri Nechiporenko "Around Gogol"
14. K.G. Jung "Analytical Psychology", M., 1999.
15. Journal "St. Petersburg University", No. 7, April 29, 2009
16. Lotman Yu. M. Roman A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin": Commentary. L., 1983.
17. Fundamental electronic library "Russian literature and folklore", V.V. Golovin, “SEVERAL RUSSIAN BOOKS
FROM THE PUSHKIN LIBRARY
To the deciphering of the inventory of books not preserved in the library»
18. Smirnov Vasily. Folk divination in the Kostroma region. Essay and texts, Kostroma, 1927.
19. "The Times", UK, 11/12/2004, Translation: "InoSMI.Ru"
The history of the creation of "The Nose" is a satirical absurdist story written by Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol in 1832-1833. This work is often called the most mysterious story. In 1835, the Moscow Observer magazine refused to publish Gogol's story, calling it "bad, vulgar and trivial." But, unlike The Moscow Observer, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin believed that there were “so many unexpected, fantastic, funny and original” in the work that he persuaded the author to publish the story in the Sovremennik magazine in 1836.
(Gogol and the Nose. Caricature) The story "The Nose" was subjected to severe and repeated criticism, as a result, a number of details in the work were altered by the author: for example, the meeting between Major Kovalev and the Nose was moved from the Kazan Cathedral to Gostiny Dvor, and the ending of the story changed several times.
Brilliant grotesque This is one of N.V. Gogol. But if in early works it was used to create an atmosphere of mystery and mystery in the narrative, then in a later period it turned into a way of satirical reflection of the surrounding reality. The story of the Nose is a clear confirmation of this. The inexplicable and strange disappearance of the nose from the physiognomy of Major Kovalev and its incredible independent existence separately from the owner suggest the unnatural order in which a high status in society means much more than the person himself. In this state of affairs, any inanimate object can suddenly acquire significance and weight if it acquires its proper rank. This is the main problem of the story The Nose.
Theme of the work So what is the meaning of such an incredible plot? The main theme of Gogol's story The Nose is the loss of a part of the self by the character. Probably, this happens under the influence of evil spirits. An organizing role in the plot is assigned to the motive of persecution, although Gogol does not indicate the specific embodiment of supernatural power. The mystery captures readers literally from the first phrase of the work, it is constantly reminded of, it reaches its climax ... but there is no clue even in the finale. Covered in obscurity is not only the mysterious separation of the nose from the body, but also how it could exist independently, and even in the status of a high-ranking official. Thus, the real and the fantastic in Gogol's story The Nose are intertwined in the most unthinkable way.
Characteristics of the protagonist The protagonist of the work is a desperate careerist, ready to do anything for a promotion. He managed to get the rank of collegiate assessor without an exam, thanks to his service in the Caucasus. The cherished goal of Kovalev is to marry profitably and become a high-ranking official. In the meantime, in order to give himself more weight and significance, he everywhere calls himself not a collegiate assessor, but a major, knowing about the advantage of military ranks over civilian ones. “He could forgive everything that was said about himself, but did not apologize in any way if it related to rank or rank,” the author writes about his hero.
N.V. Gogol's wonderful story "The Nose" consists of three parts and tells about the amazing events that happened to the collegiate assessor Kovalev. Ivan Yakovlevich is surprised to learn that the nose belongs to one of his clients, collegiate assessor Kovalev. The barber tries to get rid of his nose: he throws it away, but he is constantly pointed out that he has dropped something. With great difficulty, Ivan Yakovlevich manages to throw his nose off the bridge into the Neva.
It seems that Gogol not without reason made the Nose Petersburg the scene of the story. In his opinion, only here could the indicated events take place, only in St. Petersburg they do not see the person himself behind the rank. Gogol brought the situation to the point of absurdity - the nose turned out to be a fifth-class official, and those around him, despite the obviousness of his inhuman nature, treat him like a normal person, in accordance with his status. (Kovalev and Nose)
Meanwhile, the collegiate assessor wakes up and cannot find his nose. He is shocked. Covering his face with a handkerchief, Kovalev goes out into the street. He is very upset by what happened, because now he will not be able to appear in the world, and besides, he has many familiar ladies, for some of whom he is not averse to hanging around. Suddenly he meets his own nose, dressed in a uniform and pantaloons, the nose gets into the carriage. Kovalev is in a hurry for the nose, it turns out in the cathedral. (Nose comes out of the carriage)
Nose behaves as befits a significant person in the rank of State Councilor: he makes visits, prays in the Kazan Cathedral with an expression of the greatest piety, calls in the department, is going to go to Riga on someone else's passport. Nobody cares where he came from. Everyone sees in him not only a person, but also an important official. It is interesting that Kovalev himself, despite his efforts to expose him, approaches him with fear in the Kazan Cathedral and generally treats him as a person.
The grotesque in the story also lies in surprise and, one might say, absurdity. From the very first line of the work, we see a clear designation of the date: March 25 - this does not immediately imply any fantasy. And then there's the missing nose. There was some kind of sharp deformation of everyday life, bringing it to complete unreality. The absurdity lies in an equally sharp change in the size of the nose. If on the first pages it is found by the barber Ivan Yakovlevich in a pie (i.e., it has a size that is quite consistent with a human nose), then at the moment Major Kovalev sees him for the first time, his nose is dressed in a uniform, suede trousers, a hat, and even has himself a sword - which means that he is as tall as an ordinary man. (missing nose)
The last appearance of the nose in the story - and again it is small. The quarterly brings it wrapped in a piece of paper. It didn't matter to Gogol why the nose had suddenly grown to human size, and it didn't matter why it shrunk again. The central moment of the story is precisely the period when the nose was perceived as a normal person.
The plot of the story is conditional, the idea itself is absurd, but this is exactly what Gogol's grotesque consists of and, despite this, is quite realistic. Chernyshevsky said that true realism is possible only when life is depicted in the forms of life itself.
Gogol extraordinarily pushed the boundaries of conventionality and showed that this conventionality serves admirably for the knowledge of life. If in this absurd society everything is determined by rank, then why can't this fantastically absurd organization of life be reproduced in a fantastic plot? Gogol shows that it is not only possible, but also quite expedient. And thus the forms of art ultimately reflect the forms of life.
Hints of a brilliant author There are many satirical subtleties in Gogol's story, transparent allusions to the realities of his contemporary time. For example, in the first half of the 19th century, glasses were considered an anomaly, giving the appearance of an officer or official some kind of inferiority. In order to wear this accessory, a special permit was required. If the heroes of the work exactly followed the instructions and corresponded to the form, then the Nose in uniform acquired for them the importance of a significant person. But as soon as the police chief left the system, violated the severity of his uniform and put on glasses, he immediately noticed that in front of him was just a nose - a part of the body that was useless without its owner. This is how the real and the fantastic are intertwined in Gogol's story The Nose. No wonder the author's contemporaries read this extraordinary work.
Literary excursion The barber, who found his nose in baked bread, lives on Voznesensky Prospekt, and gets rid of it on St. Isaac's Bridge. Major Kovalev's apartment is located on Sadovaya Street. The conversation between the major and the nose takes place in the Kazan Cathedral. A flowery waterfall of ladies pours down the sidewalk of Nevsky Prospekt from Policeman to Anichkin Bridge. Dancing chairs danced on Konyushennaya Street. According to Kovalev, it is on the Voskresensky Bridge that vendors sell peeled oranges. Students of the Surgical Academy ran to look at the nose in the Tauride Garden. The major buys an order ribbon in Gostiny Dvor. The “twin nose” of the St. Petersburg version is located on Andreevsky Spusk in Kyiv. The literary lantern "Nose" is installed on the street. Gogol in Brest.
Kovalev's nose was installed in 1995 on the facade of house No. 11 on Voznesensky Prospekt, St. Petersburg)
The story "The Nose" is one of the most fun, original, fantastic and unexpected works of Nikolai Gogol. The author did not agree to the publication of this joke for a long time, but his friends persuaded him. The story was first published in the Sovremennik magazine in 1836, with a note by A.S. Pushkin. Since then, heated debates have not subsided around this work. The real and the fantastic in Gogol's story "The Nose" are combined in the most bizarre and unusual forms. Here the author reached the pinnacle of his satirical skill and painted a true picture of the mores of his time.
Brilliant grotesque
This is one of the most favorite literary devices of N.V. Gogol. But if in early works it was used to create an atmosphere of mystery and mystery in the narrative, then in a later period it turned into a way of satirical reflection of the surrounding reality. The story "The Nose" is a clear confirmation of this. The inexplicable and strange disappearance of the nose from the physiognomy of Major Kovalev and its incredible independent existence separately from the owner suggest the unnatural order in which a high status in society means much more than the person himself. In this state of affairs, any inanimate object can suddenly acquire significance and weight if it acquires its proper rank. This is the main problem of the story "The Nose".
Features of realistic grotesque
In the late works of N.V. Gogol, the realistic grotesque prevails. It aims to reveal the unnaturalness and absurdity of reality. Incredible things happen to the heroes of the work, but they help to reveal the typical features of the world around them, to reveal people's dependence on generally accepted conventions and norms.
Gogol's contemporaries did not immediately appreciate the satirical talent of the writer. Only V.G. Belinsky, who did a lot for a correct understanding of the work of Nikolai Vasilyevich, once noted that the "ugly grotesque" that he uses in his work contains an "abyss of poetry" and "an abyss of philosophy" worthy of "Shakespeare's brush" in its depth and authenticity.
The "nose" begins with the fact that on March 25 an "extraordinarily strange incident" happened in St. Petersburg. Ivan Yakovlevich, a barber, discovers his nose in freshly baked bread in the morning. He throws him off the St. Isaac's Bridge into the river. The owner of the nose, collegiate assessor, or major, Kovalev, waking up in the morning, does not find an important part of the body on his face. In search of the loss, he goes to the police. On the way, he meets his own nose in the garb of a state councilor. Pursuing the fugitive, Kovalev follows him to the Kazan Cathedral. He tries to return his nose to its place, but he only prays with "the greatest zeal" and points out to the owner that there can be nothing in common between them: Kovalev serves in a different department.
Distracted by the graceful lady, the major loses sight of the rebellious part of the body. Having made several unsuccessful attempts to find the nose, the owner returns home. There he is returned the loss. The police chief grabbed his nose while trying to escape to Riga on someone else's documents. Joy Kovalev does not last long. He cannot put the body part back in its original place. The summary of the story "The Nose" does not end there. How did the hero manage to get out of this situation? The doctor can do nothing to help the major. In the meantime, curious rumors are creeping around the capital. Someone saw the nose on Nevsky Prospekt, someone - in the Tauride Garden. As a result, he himself returned to his original place on April 7, which brought considerable joy to the owner.
Theme of the work
So what is the point of such an incredible plot? The main theme of Gogol's story "The Nose" is the loss by the character of a piece of his "I". Probably, this happens under the influence of evil spirits. An organizing role in the plot is assigned to the motive of persecution, although Gogol does not indicate the specific embodiment of supernatural power. The mystery captures readers literally from the first phrase of the work, it is constantly reminded of, it reaches its climax ... but there is no clue even in the finale. Covered in obscurity is not only the mysterious separation of the nose from the body, but also how it could exist independently, and even in the status of a high-ranking official. Thus, the real and the fantastic in Gogol's story "The Nose" are intertwined in the most unthinkable way.
Real Plan
It is embodied in the work in the form of rumors, which the author mentions all the time. This is gossip that the nose regularly makes a promenade along Nevsky Prospekt and other crowded places; about how he seemed to be looking into the store and so on. Why did Gogol need such a form of communication? Maintaining an atmosphere of mystery, he satirically ridicules the authors of stupid rumors and naive belief in incredible miracles.
Characteristics of the main character
Why did Major Kovalev deserve such attention from supernatural forces? The answer lies in the content of the story "The Nose". The fact is that the protagonist of the work is a desperate careerist, ready to do anything for a promotion. He managed to get the rank of collegiate assessor without an exam, thanks to his service in the Caucasus. The cherished goal of Kovalev is to marry profitably and become a high-ranking official. In the meantime, in order to give himself more weight and significance, he everywhere calls himself not a collegiate assessor, but a major, knowing about the advantage of military ranks over civilian ones. “He could forgive everything that was said about himself, but did not apologize in any way if it related to rank or title,” the author writes about his hero.
So the evil spirits laughed at Kovalev, not only taking away an important part of his body from him (you can’t make a career without it!), But also endowing the latter with the rank of general, that is, giving it more weight than the owner himself. That's right, nothing to turn up your nose! The real and the fantastic in Gogol's story "The Nose" makes one think about the question "what is more important - a personality or its status?". And the answer is disappointing...
Hints of a brilliant author
There are many satirical subtleties in Gogol's story, transparent allusions to the realities of his contemporary time. For example, in the first half of the 19th century, glasses were considered an anomaly, giving the appearance of an officer or official some kind of inferiority. In order to wear this accessory, a special permit was required. If the heroes of the work exactly followed the instructions and corresponded to the form, then the Nose in uniform acquired for them the importance of a significant person. But as soon as the police chief "left" the system, violated the severity of his uniform and put on glasses, he immediately noticed that in front of him was just a nose - a part of the body, useless without its owner. This is how the real and the fantastic are intertwined in Gogol's story "The Nose". No wonder the author's contemporaries read this extraordinary work.
Many writers noted that "The Nose" is a magnificent example of fantasy, Gogol's parody of various prejudices and people's naive faith in the power of supernatural forces. Fantastic elements in the works of Nikolai Vasilyevich are ways of satirically depicting the vices of society, as well as affirming a realistic beginning in life.
Everyone knows that the brilliant Ukrainian and Russian writer Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol won the respect of readers thanks to his subtle humor and observation, as well as the fantastic and incredible stories that he so skillfully created in his works. We will now analyze the story "The Nose", which undoubtedly relates precisely to such masterpieces of the writer. But before we go directly to the analysis of the story, let's look at the plot very briefly.
The plot of the story "The Nose" is very brief
In this work, there are three parts that tell about the incredible thing that happened to a certain collegiate assessor Kovalev. But the story should begin with a description of the meal of the city barber of St. Petersburg Ivan Yakovlevich. Once, taking a loaf of bread, he sees that there is a nose in it. Later it becomes known that this is the nose of a very respected person. The barber gets rid of this nose by throwing it off the bridge. At the same time, Kovalev notices in the morning that his nose is not there, and, going out into the street, he covers himself with a handkerchief. Suddenly, the same nose, already dressed in a uniform, catches Kovalev's eyes. He travels around St. Petersburg and even goes to the cathedral to pray.
A very brief presentation of the plot of the story "The Nose", which we are analyzing, will help to more accurately give the desired characteristics to the characters. Kovalev continues to search and makes efforts to capture the nose. To do this, he goes to the police, and even asks to print an ad in the newspaper, but is refused - this is too unusual. And scandalous. Kovalev begins to suspect who could set up such an opportunity, and decides that this is the work of the staff officer Podtochina. Most likely, she takes revenge on Kovalev for refusing to marry her daughter. The official takes a pen to write to her everything he thinks about Podtochina, but when she receives the letter, she is perplexed.
Very soon, rumors about this whole story spread throughout the city, and one policeman manages, after all, to catch the nose and deliver it to the owner. True, the nose does not want to fall into place, and even the doctor cannot help. About two weeks pass - waking up, Kovalev realizes that his nose is back in place.
Analysis of the story "The Nose"
Of course, in its literary genre, this story is fantastic. It can be seen that Gogol wants to show a person who lives in a bustle, spends empty and meaningless days, while he cannot look beyond his own nose. He is immersed in the routine and everyday chores, but they are not really worth it. And the only thing that helps such a person to find peace is that he again feels himself in a familiar environment. What else can be said, making an analysis of the story "The Nose"?
What is this piece about? We can say with absolute certainty that this story tells about an official whose pride does not allow him to look at those who have a lower rank. He is indifferent to ordinary people. Such a person can be compared to a torn off sniffing organ, dressed in a uniform. He cannot be persuaded or asked for something, he just does his usual thing.
Gogol came up with an original fantasy storyline, created wonderful characters to encourage the reader to think about those in power. The author describes in vivid language the life of an official and his eternal, but meaningless worries. Should such a person really only care about his nose? Who will deal with the problems of the common people, over which the official is placed?
Analysis of Gogol's novel "The Nose" reveals a hidden mockery, with the help of which the author draws attention to the big and topical problem of certain strata of society. On our website you can read