MAIN DATES OF LIFE AND WORK 1856, August 27 - Ivan Yakovlevich Franko was born in the village of Naguevichi, Drohobych district, into the family of a rural blacksmith. 1864–1867 - Study (from the second grade) at a normal four-year school of the Basilian Order in the city of Drohobych. 1865, in the spring - Died

The outstanding Austrian composer W. A. ​​Mozart is one of the representatives of the school. His gift manifested itself with early childhood. In the works of Mozart one can feel the reflection of the ideas of the Sturm and Drang movement and German Enlightenment. Artistic experience translated into music different traditions And national schools. The most famous, the list of which is huge, have taken their place in history musical art. He wrote more than twenty operas, forty-one symphonies, concerts for different instruments with orchestra, chamber instrumental and piano works.

Brief information about the composer

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Austrian composer) was born on January 27, 1756 in the beautiful town of Salzburg. Besides composing? he was an excellent harpsichordist, bandmaster, organist and virtuoso violinist. He had an absolutely amazing memory and a passion for improvisation. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is one of the most not only of his time, but also of our time. His genius was reflected in the works written in different forms and genres. Mozart's works are still popular today. And this indicates that the composer has passed the “test of time.” His name is most often mentioned in the same breath as Haydn and Beethoven as a representative of Viennese classicism.

Biography and creative path. 1756-1780 years of life

Mozart was born on January 27, 1756. I started composing early, from about the age of three. My father was my first music teacher. In 1762, he went with his father and sister on a great artistic journey around different cities Germany, England, France, Switzerland, the Netherlands. At this time, Mozart's first works were created. Their list is gradually expanding. Since 1763 he has lived in Paris. Creates sonatas for violin and harpsichord. In the period 1766-1769 he lived in Salzburg and Vienna. He enjoys immersing himself in studying the compositions of great masters. Among them are Handel, Durante, Carissimi, Stradella and many others. In 1770-1774. located mainly in Italy. Meets the then famous composer Josef Mysliveček, whose influence can be seen in further creativity Wolfgang Amadeus. In 1775-1780 he traveled to Munich, Paris and Mannheim. Experiencing financial difficulties. Loses his mother. Many of Mozart's works were written during this period. The list of them is huge. This:

• concert for flute and harp;
• six keyboard sonatas;
• several spiritual choirs;
• Symphony 31 in the key of D major, which is known as the Paris Symphony;
• twelve ballet numbers and many other compositions.

Biography and creative path. 1779-1791 years of life

In 1779 he worked in Salzburg as a court organist. In 1781, the premiere of his opera Idomeneo took place in Munich with great success. It was a new turn in fate creative personality. Then he lives in Vienna. In 1783 he married Constance Weber. During this period, Mozart's operatic works performed poorly. The list of them is not so long. These are the operas L'oca del Cairo and Lo sposo deluso, which remained unfinished. In 1786, his excellent “The Marriage of Figaro” was written based on a libretto by Lorenzo da Ponte. It was staged in Vienna and enjoyed great success. Many believed that this best opera Mozart. In 1787 no less than successful opera, which was also created in collaboration with Lorenzo da Ponte. Then he received the position of “imperial and royal chamber musician.” For which he is paid 800 florins. He writes dances for masquerades and comic opera. In May 1791, Mozart was hired as assistant conductor of the Cathedral. It was not paid, but provided an opportunity after the death of Leopold Hofmann (who was very ill) to take his place. However, this did not happen. In December 1791, the brilliant composer died. There are two versions of the cause of his death. The first is a complication after an illness with rheumatic fever. The second version is similar to the legend, but is supported by many musicologists. This is the poisoning of Mozart by the composer Salieri.

Major works of Mozart. List of essays

Opera is one of the main genres of his work. It has school opera, singspiel, opera seria and buffa, as well as grand opera. From the pen of the compo:

• school opera: "The Metamorphosis of Hyacinth", also known as "Apollo and Hyacinth";
• opera series: "Idomeneo" ("Elijah and Idamant"), "The Mercy of Titus", "Mithridates, King of Pontus";
• buffa operas: “The Imaginary Gardener”, “The Deceived Groom”, “The Marriage of Figaro”, “They Are All Like This”, “The Cairo Goose”, “Don Giovanni”, “The Feigned Simpleton”;
• Singspiel: "Bastien and Bastienne", "Zaida", "The Abduction from the Seraglio";
• grand opera: "opera The Magic Flute";
• pantomime ballet "Trinkets";
• masses: 1768-1780, created in Salzburg, Munich and Vienna;
• Requiem (1791);
• oratorio "Vetulia Liberated";
• cantatas: “Penitent David”, “The Joy of the Masons”, “To You, Soul of the Universe”, “Little Masonic Cantata”.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Works for orchestra

W. A. ​​Mozart's works for orchestra are striking in their scale. This:

• symphonies;
• concertos and rondos for piano and orchestra and violin and orchestra;
• concertos for two violins and orchestra in the key of C major, for violin and viola and orchestra, for flute and orchestra in the key of oboe and orchestra, for clarinet and orchestra, for bassoon, for horn, for flute and harp (C major);
• concertos for two pianos and orchestra (E flat major) and three (F major);
• divertissements and serenades for symphony orchestra, string, wind ensemble.

Pieces for orchestra and ensemble

Mozart composed a lot for orchestra and ensemble. Famous works:

• Galimathias musicum (1766);
• Maurerische Trauermusik (1785);
• Ein musikalischer Spa (1787);
• marches (some of them joined serenades);
• dances (counterdances, landlers, minuets);
• church sonatas, quartets, quintets, trios, duets, variations.

For clavier (piano)

Mozart's musical works for this instrument are very popular among pianists. This:

• sonatas: 1774 - C major (K 279), F major (K 280), G major (K 283); 1775 - D major (K 284); 1777 - C major (K 309), D major (K 311); 1778 - A minor (K 310), C major (K 330), A major (K 331), F major (K 332), B flat major (K 333); 1784 - C minor (K 457); 1788 - F major (K 533), C major (K 545);
• fifteen cycles of variations (1766-1791);
• rondo (1786, 1787);
• fantasies (1782, 1785);
• different plays.

Symphony No. 40 by W. A. ​​Mozart

Mozart's symphonies were created from 1764 to 1788. The last three became highest achievement this genre. In total, Wolfgang wrote more than 50 symphonies. But according to the numbering of Russian musicology, the last is considered to be the 41st symphony (“Jupiter”).

Mozart's best symphonies (Nos. 39-41) are unique creations that defy the typification established at that time. Each of them contains a fundamentally new artistic idea.

Symphony No. 40 is the most popular work this genre. The first movement begins with an excited melody of violins in a question-and-answer structure. The main part is reminiscent of Cherubino's aria from the opera "The Marriage of Figaro". The side part is lyrical and melancholic, contrasting with the main one. The development begins with a small bassoon melody. Gloomy and mournful intonations arise. Begins dramatic action. The reprise increases the tension.

In the second part, a calm and contemplative mood prevails. Also used here sonata form. The main theme is performed by violas, then taken up by violins. The second topic seems to be “fluttering”.

The third is calm, gentle and melodious. Development brings us back to an excited mood, anxiety appears. The reprise is again a bright thoughtfulness. The third movement is a minuet with march features, but in three-quarter time. Main topic- courageous and decisive. It is performed with violins and flute. Transparent pastoral sounds emerge in the trio.

The fast-paced finale continues dramatic development, reaching the highest point - climax. Anxiety and excitement are inherent in all sections of the fourth part. And only the last bars make a small statement.

W. A. ​​Mozart was an excellent harpsichordist, bandmaster, organist and virtuoso violinist. He had an absolute ear for music, an excellent memory and a desire for improvisation. His excellent works have taken their place in the history of musical art.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salzburg on January 27, 1756. His father was the composer and violinist Leopold Mozart, who worked in the court chapel of Count Sigismund von Strattenbach (Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg). The mother of the famous musician was Anna Maria Mozart (nee Pertl), who came from the family of a commissioner-trustee of an almshouse in the small commune of St. Gilgen.

A total of seven children were born into the Mozart family, but most of them, unfortunately, died at a young age. The first child of Leopold and Anna to survive was older sister future musician Maria Anna (from childhood, her family and friends called the girl Nannerl). About four years later, Wolfgang was born. The birth was extremely difficult, and doctors for a long time feared that it would be fatal for the boy’s mother. But after some time, Anna began to recover.

Family of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Both Mozart children with early years demonstrated a love of music and excellent abilities for it. When Nannerl's father began teaching her to play the harpsichord, her little brother was only about three years old. However, the sounds heard during lessons were so exciting little boy that from then on he often approached the instrument, pressed the keys and selected pleasant-sounding harmonies. Moreover, he could even play fragments musical works that I heard before.

Therefore, already at the age of four, Wolfgang began to receive his own harpsichord lessons from his father. However, the child soon became bored with learning minuets and pieces written by other composers, and at the age of five, young Mozart added to this type of activity the composing of his own short plays. And at the age of six, Wolfgang mastered the violin, and practically without outside help.

Nannerl and Wolfgang never went to school: Leopold gave them excellent home education. At the same time, young Mozart always immersed himself in the study of any subject with great zeal. For example, if we were talking about mathematics, then after several diligent studies of the boy, literally every surface in the room: from the walls and floor to the floors and chairs - was quickly covered with chalk inscriptions with numbers, problems and equations.

Traveling around Europe

Already at the age of six, the “miracle child” played so well that he could give concerts. Nannerl’s voice was a wonderful addition to his inspired performance: the girl sang simply beautifully. Leopold Mozart was so impressed musical abilities his children, that he decided to go on long tours with them to various European cities and countries. He hoped that this journey would bring them great success and considerable profit.

The family visited Munich, Brussels, Cologne, Mannheim, Paris, London, The Hague, and several cities in Switzerland. The trip dragged on for many months, and after a short return to Salzburg - for years. During this time, Wolfgang and Nunnell gave concerts to stunned audiences, and also attended opera houses and performances of famous musicians with their parents.

In 1764, the first four sonatas of young Wolfgang, intended for violin and clavier, were published in Paris. In London, the boy was lucky to study for some time with Johann Christian Bach (the youngest son of Johann Sebastian Bach), who immediately noted the child’s genius and, being a virtuoso musician, gave Wolfgang many useful lessons.

Over the years of wandering, the “miracle children,” who already naturally had far from the best health, became quite tired. Their parents were also tired: for example, during the Mozart family’s stay in London, Leopold became seriously ill. Therefore, in 1766, the child prodigies returned to their hometown with their parents.

Creative development

At the age of fourteen, Wolfgang Mozart, through the efforts of his father, went to Italy, which was amazed by the talent of the young virtuoso. Arriving in Bologna, he successfully took part in the unique musical competitions of the Philharmonic Academy along with musicians, many of whom were old enough to be his fathers.

The skill of the young genius so impressed the Academy of Boden that he was elected academician, although usually this honorary status was awarded only to the most successful composers, who were at least 20 years old.

After returning to Salzburg, the composer plunged headlong into composing diverse sonatas, operas, quartets, and symphonies. The older he got, the more daring and original his works were, they became less and less like the creations of the musicians whom Wolfgang admired as a child. In 1772, fate brought Mozart together with Joseph Haydn, who became his main teacher and closest friend.

Wolfgang soon received a job at the archbishop's court, just like his father. He got large number orders, but after the death of the old bishop and the arrival of a new one, the situation at court became much less pleasant. Sip fresh air For young composer was a trip to Paris and major German cities in 1777, which Leopold Mozart begged from the archbishop for his gifted son.

At that time, the family was faced with quite severe financial difficulties, and therefore only the mother was able to go with Wolfgang. The grown-up composer gave concerts again, but he bold essays didn't look like classical music those times, and the grown-up boy no longer aroused delight by his mere appearance. Therefore, this time the audience received the musician with much less cordiality. And in Paris, Mozart’s mother died, exhausted from a long and unsuccessful trip. The composer returned to Salzburg.

Career blossoming

Despite his money problems, Wolfgang Mozart had long been dissatisfied with the way the archbishop treated him. Without doubting your musical geniuses, the composer was indignant that his employer regarded him as a servant. Therefore, in 1781, he, disregarding all the laws of decency and the persuasion of his relatives, decided to leave the service of the archbishop and move to Vienna.

There the composer met Baron Gottfried van Steven, who at that time was the patron of musicians and had a large collection of works by Handel and Bach. On his advice, Mozart tried to create music in the Baroque style in order to enrich his creativity. At the same time, Mozart tried to get a position as a music teacher for Princess Elisabeth of Württemberg, but the emperor preferred the singing teacher Antonio Salieri to him.

Peak creative career Wolfgang Mozart's birth occurred in the 1780s. It was then that she wrote her most famous operas: “The Marriage of Figaro”, “The Magic Flute”, “Don Giovanni”. At the same time, the popular “Little Night Serenade” was written in four parts. At that time, the composer's music was in great demand, and he received the largest fees in his life for his work.

Unfortunately, the period of unprecedented creative growth and recognition for Mozart did not last too long. In 1787, his beloved father died, and soon his wife Constance Weber fell ill with a leg ulcer, and a lot of money was needed for the treatment of her wife.

The situation was worsened by the death of Emperor Joseph II, after which Emperor Leopold II ascended the throne. He, unlike his brother, was not a fan of music, so composers of that time did not have to count on the favor of the new monarch.

Personal life

Mozart's only wife was Constance Weber, whom he met in Vienna (at first, after moving to the city, Wolfgang rented housing from the Weber family).

Leopold Mozart was against his son’s marriage to a girl, as he saw in this the desire of her family to find a “profitable match” for Constance. However, the wedding took place in 1782.

The composer's wife was pregnant six times, but few of the couple's children survived infancy: only Karl Thomas and Franz Xaver Wolfgang survived.

Death

In 1790, when Constance again went for treatment, and Wolfgang Mozart's financial condition became even more unbearable, the composer decided to give several concerts in Frankfurt. The famous musician, whose portrait at that time became the personification of progressive and immensely beautiful music, were greeted with a bang, but the proceeds from the concerts turned out to be too small and did not live up to Wolfgang’s hopes.

In 1791, the composer experienced an unprecedented creative upsurge. At this time, “Symphony 40” came out from his pen, and shortly before his death, the unfinished “Requiem”.

That same year, Mozart became very ill: he was tormented by weakness, the composer’s legs and arms became swollen, and soon he began to suffer from sudden bouts of vomiting. Wolfgang's death occurred on December 5, 1791, her official reason– rheumatic inflammatory fever.

However, to this day, some believe that the cause of Mozart’s death was poisoning by the then famous composer Antonio Salieri, who, alas, was not at all as brilliant as Wolfgang. Part of the popularity of this version is dictated by the corresponding “little tragedy” written by. However, there is no confirmation of this version on present moment was not found.

• The composer's real name is Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus (Gottlieb) Mozart, but he himself always demanded to be called Wolfgang.

• During the big tour of the young Mozarts across Europe, the family ended up in Holland. At that time there was a fast in the country, and music was prohibited. An exception was made only for Wolfgang, considering his talent to be a gift from God.
• Mozart was buried in a common grave, where there were several other coffins: it was so heavy financial situation family at that time. Therefore, the exact burial place of the great composer is still unknown.

Goals:

Educational:

• Developing interest in learning musical material Viennese classics on the example of the work of W.A. Mozart.
• Knowledge of major events creative biography composer.
• The ability of students to assess the significance of the work of W.A. Mozart - as a symbol of ideal beauty and harmony in music.
• Introduction to symphony, opera and instrumental music W.A. Mozart.

Educational:

• Developing students' interest in foreign musical culture XVIII century.
• Formation musical taste students, perception of Viennese classical music.
• Development of musical perception of music as a reflection of the harmonious integrity of the picture of the world.

Visual aids and TSO:

• CD player.
• DVD player.
• TV.

Musical material:

• “Little Night Serenade” ( Appendix 5).
• Sonata in A major for piano, Part III“Turkish style” ( Appendix 6).
• Opera “The Marriage of Figaro”, overture ( Appendix 7).
• Symphony 40, I movement ( Appendix 8).
• “Requiem”, “Lacrimosa” ( Appendix 9).

Handout:

• Chronological table “The Life and Work of W.A. Mozart” ( Appendix 1).
• Note cards ( Appendix 2).
• Table of the main works of W.A. Mozart ( Appendix 3).
• Chronicle of the life of W.A. Mozart ( Appendix 4).

Lesson progress

1. Greeting, roll call.
2. Emotional tuning.
3. Providing students with visual aids.
4. Providing handouts.
5. Information about the goals and objectives of the lesson.

Sounds like “Little Night Serenade” ( Appendix 5).

Childhood years

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on January 8, 1756 in the ancient, beautiful mountainous city of Salzburg, located on the banks of the picturesque Salzach River. Salzburg was the capital of a small principality, the ruler of which had the ecclesiastical rank of archbishop. The father of Wolfgang Amadeus, Leopold Mozart, served in his chapel. He was a serious and educated musician. Leopold played the violin and organ. He led an orchestra and a church choir. Wrote music. Leopold Mozart was an excellent teacher. Having discovered his son’s talent, he immediately began to study with him. This is where Mozart’s wonderful, fairy-tale-like childhood begins. At the age of three, Wolfgang was already able to find consonant intervals on the harpsichord and rejoiced at their euphony. At the age of four he tries to compose a harpsichord concerto! Possessing natural finger dexterity, which he continuously developed, by the age of six the little musician was performing complex virtuoso works.

Parents did not have to beg their son to sit down at the instrument. On the contrary, they tried to persuade him to stop studying so that he would not become overworked.

During this same time, unnoticed even by his father, the boy mastered playing the violin and organ. The father and his friends never ceased to be amazed at such an incredibly rapid development of the child.

Leopold Mozart did not want Wolfgang's life to be as hard and monotonous as his own. Indeed, despite his many years of backbreaking work, the Mozart family led a modest lifestyle, often not even having the means to pay off their debts. Leopold Mozart was constrained and limited by his dependent position as a court musician. Therefore, the son’s talent, which matured so early, gives rise to the hope of organizing his life differently - more interesting and secure. The father decides to take the boy and his talented sister on a concert trip. A six-year-old musician sets out to conquer the world!

During the trip, the Mozart family first visited Munich, Vienna, and then the largest cities in Europe - Paris, London, and on the way back - Amsterdam, The Hague, Geneva. The trip, which lasted three years, turned into a truly triumphant procession. Concerts little Mozart, where he performed with his sister Anna-Maria, invariably caused a storm of delight, surprise and admiration. The children were showered with gifts. The performances of the little Mozarts, especially Wolfgang, aroused surprise and admiration everywhere, even at the most magnificent royal courts. According to the custom of those times, Wolfgang appeared before a noble public in an embroidered gold suit and a powdered wig, but at the same time he behaved with purely childish spontaneity; he could, for example, jump into the lap of the empress. Wolfgang's program was striking in its diversity and difficulty. The little virtuoso played the harpsichord alone and four hands with his sister. He performed equally complex works on the violin and organ. He improvised (at the same time composed and performed) to a given melody, accompanied singers with works unfamiliar to him. Wolfgang was called “the miracle of the 18th century.”

All this was very tiring, especially since concerts at that time lasted four or five hours. Despite this, the father tried to continue his son's education. He introduced him to the best works of musicians of that time, took him to concerts, to the opera, and studied composition with him. In Paris, Wolfgang wrote his first sonatas for violin and clavier, and in London - symphonies, the performance of which gave his concerts even greater fame. The little virtuoso and composer finally conquered Europe. The illustrious, happy, but tired Mozart family returned to their native Salzburg.

But the long-awaited rest did not last long. Leopold Mozart wanted to consolidate his son’s brilliant success and began to prepare him for new performances. Intensive composition classes and work on concert programs began. At this time, orders were coming for new works, and the little composer, along with the adults, was intensively composing music. So, the Vienna Opera House ordered him the comic opera “The Imaginary Simpleton,” and he successfully coped with this new thing for himself and complex genre. But this first operatic work by Mozart was not staged on the Viennese stage, despite the persistent efforts of his father. Wolfgang took his first failure hard. The musicians' envy and unfavorable attitude toward their twelve-year-old rival began to take their toll. For them, Wolfgang ceased to be a miracle child and turned into a serious, already famous composer. Envious people were afraid to fade in the rays of his glory.

The father decided to take Wolfgang to Italy. He was confident that, having conquered the Italians with his extraordinary talent, his son would win a worthy place in life. The Mozarts, this time together, went to Italy, the birthplace of opera. (Sounds Sonata in A major for piano, III movement “Rondo in Turkish style” ( Appendix 6)

Trip to Italy

For three years (1769–1771), father and son visited the largest cities of this country - Rome, Milan, Naples, Venice, Florence. For the second time in his life, Wolfgang, now a fourteen-year-old musician, experienced triumph. The concerts of young Mozart were a brilliant, stunning success. He conducted his symphonies, played the harpsichord, violin and organ, improvised sonatas and fugues on given topics, arias to given texts, excellently played difficult works from sight and repeated them in other keys. He visited Bologna twice, where for some time he took lessons from the famous teacher-theorist and composer Padre Martini. Having brilliantly passed a difficult test (writing a polyphonic composition using complex polyphonic techniques), fourteen-year-old Mozart, as a special exception, was elected a member of the Bologna Philharmonic Academy.

Italy – great country not only music, but also fine art and architecture - gave Mozart an abundance of artistic impressions. The young man mastered the Italian opera style so much that he wrote three operas in a short time. Which were then staged with great success in Milan. These are two opera seria - “Mithridates, King of Pontus” and “Lucius Sulla” - and a pastoral opera on a mythological plot “Ascanio in Alba”. Wolfgang's success exceeded all the expectations of Leopold Mozart. Now, finally, he will arrange the fate of his son and reliably ensure his existence. His son will not lead the boring life of a provincial musician in Salzburg, where there is not even an opera house, where musical interests are so limited. But these hopes were not destined to come true. All attempts young musician, whose name was on everyone's lips, were unsuccessful in finding work in Italy. None of the important and all-powerful nobility was able to truly appreciate the brilliant young man, just like the miracle child once upon a time.

Difficult, but happy childhood and youth is over. A life full of creative achievements and unfulfilled hopes began.

The hometown greeted the illustrious travelers unfriendly. By this time, the old prince, who was lenient about the Mozarts' long absences, had died. The new ruler of Salzburg, Count Colorado, turned out to be a powerful and cruel man. IN young musician, whom he appointed conductor of his orchestra, the count immediately felt independence of thought and intolerance of rude treatment. Therefore, he took advantage of any excuse to hurt the young man. Old Mozart tried to persuade his son to humble himself and submit. Wolfgang could not do this; the servant's position offended him. He dreamed of composing an opera, of a life full of interesting, serious music, of sensitive, responsive listeners.

WITH the greatest work Having received leave, in the spring of 1778 Wolfgang went with his mother to Paris. Will they really not want to remember the miracle child in France? Moreover, over the years his talent has grown and strengthened so much. He has already written about three hundred works in a variety of genres. He has earned recognition in Italy itself!

But there was no place for Mozart in Paris either. His attempts to arrange a concert or get a commission for an opera were unsuccessful. He lived in a modest hotel room and made a living by giving music lessons for a pittance. To top it all off, unable to bear the hardships, his mother fell ill and died. Mozart was in despair. Ahead lay even greater loneliness and hated service in Salzburg. The creative result of the trip to Paris were five wonderful sonatas for clavier, which reflected the strength and maturity of the composer’s talent.

The humiliating position of a servant musician made Mozart's life in Salzburg unbearable. Mozart submitted his resignation, but was refused. He insisted and again submitted a petition, then, by order of Coloredo, he was pushed down the stairs. This was the last straw that broke the cup of patience. The nervous shock caused the illness, but also a firm decision to live independently. Need and hunger did not frighten the composer. Without confidence in a constant income, Mozart relied only on his talent. He was full of strength, hope, energy freed from the shackles.

In 1781, Mozart moved to Vienna. Only sometimes did he leave the Austrian capital for a short time, for example, in connection with the first production of his opera “Don Giovanni” in Prague or during concert tours in Germany. In 1782, he married Constance Weber, who was distinguished by her cheerful disposition and musicality. Children were born one after another (but of the six, four died as infants). Mozart's earnings from concert performances as a performer of his clavier music, from publishing works and staging operas were irregular. In addition, Mozart, being a kind, trusting and impractical person, did not know how to manage money matters prudently. The appointment at the end of 1787 to the meagerly paid position of a court chamber musician, who was tasked with composing only dance music, did not save him from the often-experienced need for money. With all that, in ten Viennese years, Mozart created more than two and a half hundred new works. Among them his brightest shone artistic achievements in many genres. In the year of Mozart’s marriage, his singspiel “The Abduction from the Seraglio,” sparkling with humor, was staged in Vienna with great success.

Four years later, the composer created an even more perfect opera, “The Marriage of Figaro,” based on the plot of Beaumarchais’s famous comedy “A Crazy Day, or the Marriage of Figaro.” Its content, denouncing the tyranny of the nobility, glorifying the intelligence and resourcefulness of ordinary people, was close to Mozart, who suffered so many humiliations in his life. The characters' characters and their clashes are revealed in contrasting musical images. All arias and ensembles are very expressive, varied and melodic, they combine sincere fun and gentle sadness. “The Marriage of Figaro” was especially popular in Prague. Mozart, who was invited there, wrote to his friends: “Here they don’t talk about anything except Figaro, they don’t play anything except Figaro, they don’t trumpet, they don’t sing, they don’t whistle. They don’t go to anything other than Figaro. Always only “Figaro”... it’s a great honor for me.” (The overture to the opera “The Marriage of Figaro” sounds, ( Appendix 7)

The composer presented his next opera, “Don Juan” (1787), to his enthusiastic admirers in Prague. The old comedic story about a frivolous, selfish, unfaithful handsome man acquired a dramatic sound in the opera. Mozart revealed in music the complexity and contradictory nature of his hero. Condemning Don Juan's immoral actions, the composer admires his cheerfulness, energy, intelligence, and his bold challenge to bigotry and prejudice. Mozart's music sometimes splashes with fun, sometimes excites with deep tragedy. The theme of fatal retribution for the evil caused by Don Juan runs through the entire opera in harsh musical images. (Symphony 40 sounds, part I ( Appendix 8).

The premiere of the opera was an unprecedented success in Prague. But in Vienna, where among the musicians close to the court, envy of genius composer, the opera was met with hostility. The secular public finally turned away from Mozart: there were no orders, concerts stopped. Serious illness undermined his strength. One can only be surprised that in recent years of his life, the composer wrote a funny musical fairy tale“The Magic Flute”, my favorite and brightest creation. At the same time, the famous symphony in G minor was created. Deep faith in the beauty of life and man before last minutes I never left this wonderful artist. Just before his death, Mozart was busy writing the Requiem. ( Sounds like “Requiem”, “Lacrimosa”(Appendix 9). Mozart died on December 5, 1791 in deep poverty and, due to lack of funds, was buried in a common grave for the poor. This is how the life of the great Austrian composer ended sadly. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart gave humanity priceless musical treasures. They stayed the best monument to his bright, radiant genius.

Today, Mozart's music continues to be performed in concerts. opera houses. Mozart's works are required in the programs of students of music schools, colleges and conservatories. Salzburg has become the European capital of music. The city of Mozart annually hosts numerous competitions, festivals and concerts dedicated to the work of the great composer.