The book sphere of communication is expressed through an artistic style - multitasking literary style, which has developed historically, and stands out from other styles through means of expression.
Artistic style serves literary works And aesthetic activity person. Main goal– impact on the reader with the help of sensory images. Tasks by which the goal of the artistic style is achieved:
- Creating a living picture that describes the work.
- Transferring the emotional and sensory state of the characters to the reader.
Features of artistic style
Artistic style has a purpose of emotional impact on a person, but it is not the only one. The big picture The application of this style is described through its functions:
- Figurative-cognitive. Presenting information about the world and society through the emotional component of the text.
- Ideological and aesthetic. Maintaining the system of images through which the writer conveys the idea of the work to the reader awaits a response to the plot's concept.
- Communicative. Expressing the vision of an object through sensory perception. Information from the artistic world is connected with reality.
Signs and characteristic linguistic features of artistic style
To easily identify this style of literature, let’s pay attention to its features:
- Original syllable. Due to the special presentation of the text, the word becomes interesting without contextual meaning, breaking the canonical patterns of text construction.
- High level organizing text. Dividing prose into chapters and parts; in a play - division into scenes, acts, phenomena. In poems, metric is the size of the verse; stanza - the study of the combination of poems, rhyme.
- High level of polysemy. The presence of several interrelated meanings for one word.
- Dialogues. The artistic style is dominated by the speech of characters as a way of describing phenomena and events in the work.
The literary text contains all the richness of the vocabulary of the Russian language. The presentation of the emotionality and imagery inherent in this style is carried out using special means called tropes - linguistic means of expressive speech, words in figurative meaning. Examples of some tropes:
- Comparison is part of the work, with the help of which the character’s image is complemented.
- Metaphor is the meaning of a word in a figurative sense, based on an analogy with another object or phenomenon.
- An epithet is a definition that makes a word expressive.
- Metonymy is a combination of words in which one object is replaced by another on the basis of spatiotemporal similarity.
- Hyperbole is a stylistic exaggeration of a phenomenon.
- Litota is a stylistic understatement of a phenomenon.
Where is the fiction style used?
The artistic style has incorporated numerous aspects and structures of the Russian language: tropes, polysemy of words, complex grammatical and syntactic structure. Therefore it general area The applications are huge. It also includes the main genres of works of art.
The genres of artistic style used are related to one of the genres that express reality in a special way:
- Epic. Shows external unrest, the author’s thoughts (description of storylines).
- Lyrics. Reflects the author's inner emotions (the experiences of the characters, their feelings and thoughts).
- Drama. The presence of the author in the text is minimal, large number dialogues between characters. This kind of work is often made theatrical performances. Example - Three sisters A.P. Chekhov.
These genres have subtypes, which can be divided into even more specific varieties. Basic:
Epic genres:
- Epic is a genre of work in which historical events.
- A novel is a large manuscript with complex storyline. All attention is paid to the life and fate of the characters.
- A short story is a work of smaller volume that describes the life story of a hero.
- A story is a medium-sized manuscript that has the plot features of a novel and a short story.
Lyric genres:
- Ode is a solemn song.
- An epigram is a satirical poem. Example: A. S. Pushkin “Epigram on M. S. Vorontsov.”
- Elegy is a lyrical poem.
- A sonnet is a poetic form of 14 lines, the rhyme of which has a strict construction system. Examples of this genre common in Shakespeare.
Genres of dramatic works:
- Comedy - the genre is based on a plot that makes fun of social vices.
- Tragedy is a work that describes tragic fate heroes, struggle of characters, relationships.
- Drama – has a dialogue structure with a serious storyline showing the characters and their dramatic relationships with each other or with society.
How to define a literary text?
It is easier to understand and consider the features of this style when the reader is provided with a literary text with a clear example. Let's practice determining what style of text is in front of us using an example:
“Marat’s father Stepan Porfiryevich Fateev, an orphan from infancy, was from a family of Astrakhan binders. The revolutionary whirlwind blew him out of the locomotive vestibule, dragged him through the Mikhelson plant in Moscow, machine gun courses in Petrograd ... "
Main aspects confirming the artistic style of speech:
- This text is based on conveying events from an emotional point of view, so there is no doubt that this is a literary text.
- The means used in the example: “a revolutionary whirlwind blew out, dragged” is nothing more than a trope, or rather, a metaphor. The use of this trope is inherent only in literary texts.
- An example of a description of a person’s fate, environment, social events. Conclusion: this literary text belongs to the epic.
Any text can be analyzed in detail using this principle. If functions or distinctive features, which are described above, immediately catch the eye, then there is no doubt that this is a literary text.
If you find it difficult to deal with a large amount of information on your own; the basic means and features of a literary text are not clear to you; Examples of tasks seem difficult - use a resource such as a presentation. Ready presentation with clear examples will clearly fill gaps in knowledge. The area of the school subject “Russian language and literature” is served by electronic sources of information on functional speech styles. Please note that the presentation is succinct and informative and contains explanatory means.
Thus, once you understand the definition of artistic style, you will better understand the structure of works. And if a muse visits you and you want to write a work of art yourself, follow the lexical components of the text and the emotional presentation. Good luck with your studies!
The artistic style of speech is the language of literature and art. It is used to convey emotions and feelings, artistic images and phenomena.
Artistic style is a way for writers to express themselves, so it is generally used in writing. Orally (for example, in plays) texts written in advance are read. Historically, artistic style functions in three types of literature - lyrics (poems, poems), drama (plays) and epic (stories, novels).
An article about all speech styles -.
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The features of the artistic style are:
2. Language means are a method of transmission artistic image, emotional state and mood of the narrator.
3. The use of stylistic figures - metaphors, comparisons, metonymies, etc., emotionally expressive vocabulary, phraseological units.
4. Multi-style. Application linguistic means other styles (colloquial, journalistic) is subordinated to the implementation of the creative plan. These combinations gradually create what is called the author's style.
5. The use of verbal ambiguity - words are selected in such a way that with their help not only “to draw” images, but also to put hidden meaning into them.
6. The information transfer function is often hidden. The purpose of artistic style is to convey the author’s emotions, to create a mood and emotional state in the reader.
Artistic style: case study
Let's look at the example of the features of the style being analyzed.
Excerpt from the article:
The war disfigured Borovoe. Interspersed with the surviving huts stood charred stoves, like monuments to the people's grief. Gate posts were sticking out. The barn gaped with a huge hole - half of it was broken off and carried away.
There were gardens, but now stumps - like rotten teeth. Only here and there were two or three teenage apple trees nestled.
The village was deserted.
When the one-armed Fedor returned home, his mother was alive. She grew old, grew thin, and had more gray hair. She sat me down at the table, but there was nothing to treat her with. Fyodor had his own, a soldier's. At the table, the mother said: everyone was robbed, damned skinners! We hid pigs and chickens wherever we wanted. Can you really save it? He makes noise and threatens, give him the chicken, even if it’s the last one. Out of fright, they gave away the last one. So I have nothing left. Oh, that was bad! The village was ruined by the damned fascist! You can see for yourself what’s left... more than half of the yards were burned down. The people fled where: some to the rear, some to join the partisans. How many girls were stolen! So our Frosya was taken away...
For a day or two, Fyodor looked around. Our people from Borovsk began to return. They hung a piece of plywood on an empty hut, and on it there were lopsided letters with soot on oil - there was no paint - “The board of the collective farm “Red Dawn” - and off and on! Dashing trouble is the beginning.
Style of this text, as we have already said, artistic.
His features in this passage:
- Borrowing and applying vocabulary and phraseology of other styles ( as monuments of people's grief, fascists, partisans, collective farm rule, the beginning of a daring misfortune).
- The use of visual and expressive means ( hijacked, damned skinners, really), the semantic ambiguity of words is actively used ( the war disfigured Borovoe, the barn gaped with a huge hole).
- They've robbed everyone, you damn skinners! We hid pigs and chickens wherever we wanted. Can you really save it? He makes noise and threatens, give him the chicken, even if it’s the last one. Oh, that was bad!).
- There were gardens, but now stumps are like rotten teeth; She sat me down at the table, but there was nothing to treat her with; on oil - there was no paint).
- The syntactic structures of a literary text reflect, first of all, the flow of the author’s impressions, figurative and emotional ( Interspersed with the surviving huts stood charred stoves, like monuments to the people's grief. The barn gaped with a huge hole - half of it was broken off and carried away; There were gardens, but now stumps are like rotten teeth).
- The characteristic use of numerous and varied stylistic figures and tropes of the Russian language ( stumps are like rotten teeth; charred stoves stood like monuments to the people's grief; two or three teenage apple trees nestled).
- The use, first of all, of vocabulary that forms the basis and creates the imagery of the style being analyzed: for example, figurative techniques and means of Russian literary language, as well as words that realize their meaning in the context, and words of a wide scope of use ( grew old, emaciated, burned, in letters, girls).
Thus, the artistic style does not so much tell as it shows - it helps to feel the situation, to visit the places that the narrator is talking about. Of course, there is also a certain “imposition” of the author’s experiences, but it also creates a mood and conveys sensations.
The artistic style is one of the most “borrowing” and flexible: writers, firstly, actively use language of other styles, and secondly, successfully combine artistic imagery, for example, with explanations scientific facts, concepts or phenomena.
Scientific and artistic style: case study
Let's look at an example of the interaction of two styles - artistic and scientific.
Excerpt from the article:
The youth of our country loves forests and parks. And this love is fruitful, active. It is expressed not only in the establishment of new gardens, parks and forest belts, but also in the vigilant protection of oak groves and forests. One day, at a meeting, even splinters of wood appeared on the presidium table. Some villain cut down an apple tree growing alone on the river bank. Like a beacon, she stood on the steep mountain. They got used to her, like the appearance of their home, they loved her. And now she was gone. On this day, the conservation group was born. It was called "Green Patrol". There was no mercy for the poachers, and they began to retreat.
N. Korotaev
Features of the scientific style:
- Terminology ( presidium, laying forest belts, Krutoyar, poachers).
- The presence in a series of nouns of words denoting the concept of a sign or state ( bookmark, security).
- Quantitative predominance of nouns and adjectives in the text over verbs ( This love is fruitful, active; in the establishment of new gardens, parks and forest belts, but also in the vigilant protection of oak groves and forests).
- Use of verbal phrases and words ( bookmark, protection, mercy, meeting).
- Verbs in the present tense, which have a “timeless”, indicative meaning in the text, with weakened lexical and grammatical meanings of time, person, number ( loves, expresses);
- A large volume of proposals, their impersonal nature, coupled with passive structures (It is expressed not only in the establishment of new gardens, parks and forest belts, but also in the vigilant protection of oak groves and forests).
Features of the artistic style:
- Wide use of vocabulary and phraseology of other styles ( presidium, laying forest belts, Krutoyar).
- The use of various visual and expressive means ( this love is fruitful, in vigilant guard, evil), active use of the verbal polysemy of the word (the appearance of a house, “Green Patrol”).
- Emotionality and expressiveness of the image ( They got used to her, like the appearance of their home, they loved her. And now she was gone. On this day the group was born).
- Manifestation creative individuality author - author's style ( It is expressed not only in the establishment of new gardens, parks and forest belts, but also in the vigilant protection of oak groves and forests. Here: a combination of features of several styles).
- Paying special attention to particular and seemingly random circumstances and situations, behind which one can see the typical and general ( Some villain cut down an apple tree... And now it was gone. On this day the conservation group was born).
- The syntactic structure and corresponding structures in this passage reflect the flow of the author’s figurative and emotional perception ( Like a beacon, she stood on the steep mountain. And then she was gone).
- The characteristic use of numerous and varied stylistic figures and tropes of the Russian literary language ( this fruitful, active love, like a beacon, it stood, there was no mercy, growing alone).
- The use, first of all, of vocabulary that forms the basis and creates the imagery of the style being analyzed: for example, figurative techniques and means of the Russian language, as well as words that realize their meaning in the context, and the words themselves widespread (youth, evil, fruitful, active, appearance).
According to the variety of linguistic means, literary devices and methods, the artistic style is perhaps the richest. And, unlike other styles, it has a minimum of restrictions - with proper depiction of images and emotional mood, you can even write a literary text scientific terms. But, of course, you shouldn’t abuse this.
IN general outline, to the main linguistic features artistic style of speech includes the following:
1. Heterogeneity of the lexical composition: a combination of book vocabulary with colloquial, colloquial, dialect, etc.
Let's look at some examples.
“The feather grass has matured. The steppe for many miles was dressed in swaying silver. The wind took it elastically, flowing, roughened, lumpy, and drove bluish-opal waves to the south, then to the west. Where the flowing air stream ran, the feather grass bowed prayerfully, and a blackened path lay for a long time on its gray ridge.”
“Various grasses have bloomed. On the ridges of the ridge there is a joyless burnt-out wormwood. The nights faded quickly. At night, countless stars shone in the charred black sky; the month - the Cossack sun, darkened by the damaged side, shone sparingly, whitely; The spacious Milky Way intertwined with other star paths. The astringent air was thick, the wind was dry and wormwood; the earth, saturated with the same bitterness of the all-powerful wormwood, yearned for coolness.”
(M. A. Sholokhov)
2. The use of all layers of Russian vocabulary in order to realize the aesthetic function.
“Daria hesitated for a minute and refused:
No, no, I'm alone. I'm there alone.
She didn’t even know where “there” was and, leaving the gate, headed towards the Angara.”
(V. Rasputin)
3. Activity of polysemantic words of all stylistic varieties of speech.
“The river is seething in a lace of white foam.
Poppies are blooming red on the velvet meadows.
Frost was born at dawn."
(M. Prishvin).
4. Combinatorial increments of meaning.
Words in an artistic context receive new semantic and emotional content, which embodies the author’s figurative thought.
“I caught the departing shadows in my dreams,
The fading shadows of the fading day.
I climbed the tower. And the steps shook.
And the steps trembled under my feet.”
(K. Balmont)
5. Greater preference for using concrete vocabulary and less preference for abstract vocabulary.
“Sergei pushed the heavy door. The porch step whimpered barely audibly under his foot. Two more steps - and he’s already in the garden.”
“The cool evening air was filled with the intoxicating aroma of blooming acacia. Somewhere in the branches a nightingale was singing its trills, iridescent and subtle.”
(M. A. Sholokhov)
6. Minimum of generic concepts.
“Another piece of advice that is essential for a prose writer. More specifics. The more precise and specific the object is named, the more expressive the imagery is.”
“You have: “Horses chew grain. The peasants were preparing “morning food”, “the birds were noisy”... In poetic prose an artist that requires visible clarity, there should be no generic concepts if this is not dictated by the very semantic task of the content... Oats are better than grain. Rooks are more appropriate than birds.”
(Konstantin Fedin)
7. Wide use of folk poetic words, emotional and expressive vocabulary, synonyms, antonyms.
“The rose hips, probably, have been creeping up the trunk to the young aspen since spring, and now, when the time has come for the aspen to celebrate its name day, it all burst into red, fragrant wild roses.”
(M. Prishvin).
“New Time was located in Ertelev Lane. I said “fit.” That's not the right word. Reigned, dominated."
(G. Ivanov)
8. Verbal speech management.
The writer names each movement (physical and/or mental) and change of state in stages. Pumping up verbs activates reading tension.
“Grigory went down to the Don, carefully climbed over the fence of the Astakhovsky base, and approached the window covered with shutters. He heard only the frequent beats of his heart... He quietly knocked on the frame binding... Aksinya silently went to the window and peered. He saw her press her hands to her chest and heard an inarticulate moan escape her lips. Grigory motioned for her to open the window and took off his rifle. Aksinya opened the doors. He stood on the rubble, Aksinya’s bare hands grabbed his neck. They trembled and beat so much on his shoulders, these dear hands, that their trembling was transmitted to Gregory.”
(M.A. Sholokhov “Quiet Don”)
The dominant features of the artistic style are the imagery and aesthetic significance of each of its elements (down to sounds). Hence the desire for freshness of the image, unhackneyed expressions, a large number of tropes, special artistic (corresponding to reality) accuracy, the use of special expressive means of speech characteristic only of this style - rhythm, rhyme, even in prose a special harmonic organization of speech.
The artistic style of speech is characterized by imagery and extensive use of figurative and expressive means of language. In addition to its typical linguistic means, it also uses means of all other styles, especially colloquial. In the language of artistic literature, colloquialisms and dialectisms, words of a high, poetic style, slang, rude words, professional business figures of speech, and journalism can be used. The means in the artistic style of speech are subordinate to its main function - aesthetic.
As I. S. Alekseeva notes, “if the colloquial style of speech primarily performs the function of communication, (communicative), scientific and official business message function (informative), then the artistic style of speech is intended to create artistic, poetic images, emotional and aesthetic impact. All linguistic means included in a work of art change their primary function and are subordinate to the objectives of a given artistic style.”
In literature, language occupies a special position because it is the building material, that matter perceived by hearing or sight, without which a work cannot be created.
An artist of words - a poet, a writer - finds, in the words of L. Tolstoy, “the only necessary placement of the only necessary words” in order to correctly, accurately, figuratively express a thought, convey the plot, character, make the reader empathize with the heroes of the work, enter the world created by the author.
All this is accessible only to the tongue fiction, therefore it has always been considered the pinnacle of literary language. The best in language, its strongest capabilities and rarest beauty are in works of fiction, and all this is achieved artistic means language. Means artistic expression varied and numerous. First of all, these are the trails.
Tropes are a figure of speech in which a word or expression is used figuratively in order to achieve greater artistic expressiveness. The trope is based on a comparison of two concepts that seem close to our consciousness in some respect.
1). An epithet (Greek epitheton, Latin apositum) is a defining word, mainly when it adds new qualities to the meaning of the word being defined (epitheton ornans - decorating epithet). Wed. in Pushkin: “ruddy dawn”; special attention theorists pay attention to the epithet with a figurative meaning (cf. Pushkin: “my harsh days”) and the epithet with opposite meaning- so-called oxymoron (cf. Nekrasov: “poor luxury”).
2). Comparison (Latin comparatio) - revealing the meaning of a word by comparing it with another according to some common characteristic (tertium comparationis). Wed. from Pushkin: “youth is faster than a bird.” Discovering the meaning of a word by determining its logical content is called interpretation and refers to figures.
3). Periphrasis (Greek periphrasis, Latin circumlocutio) is a method of presentation that describes a simple subject through complex phrases. Wed. Pushkin has a parodic periphrase: “The young pet of Thalia and Melpomene, generously gifted by Apollo.” One type of periphrasis is euphemism - the replacement with a descriptive phrase of a word that for some reason is considered obscene. Wed. from Gogol: “get by with the help of a scarf.”
Unlike the tropes listed here, which are built on enriching the unchanged basic meaning of a word, the following tropes are built on shifts in the basic meaning of the word.
4). Metaphor (Latin translatio) - the use of a word in a figurative meaning. The classic example given by Cicero is the “murmur of the sea.” The confluence of many metaphors forms an allegory and a riddle.
5). Synecdoche (Latin intellectio) is the case when a whole thing is recognized by a small part or when a part is recognized by the whole. The classic example given by Quintilian is “stern” instead of “ship”.
6). Metonymy (Latin denominatio) is the replacement of one name for an object with another, borrowed from related and similar objects. Wed. from Lomonosov: “read Virgil.”
7). Antonomasia (Latin pronominatio) -- replacement own name another, as if borrowed from outside, nickname. The classic example given by Quintilian is “destroyer of Carthage” instead of “Scipio”.
8). Metalepsis (Latin transumptio) is a replacement, representing, as it were, a transition from one trope to another. Wed. from Lomonosov - “ten harvests have passed...: here, after the harvest, of course, it’s summer, after the summer, a whole year.”
These are the paths built on the use of words in a figurative meaning; theorists also note the possibility of simultaneous use of a word in a figurative and literal sense, the possibility of a confluence of contradictory metaphors. Finally, a number of paths are identified in which not the main meaning of the word changes, but one or another shade of this meaning. These are:
9). Hyperbole is an exaggeration taken to the point of “impossibility.” Wed. from Lomonosov: “running, faster than wind and lightning.”
10). Litotes is an understatement expressing through a negative phrase the content of a positive phrase (“a lot” in the meaning of “many”).
11). Irony is the expression in words of a meaning opposite to their meaning. Wed. Lomonosov’s characterization of Catiline by Cicero: “Yes! He is a timid and meek man...”
TO expressive means language also includes stylistic figures of speech or simply figures of speech: anaphora, antithesis, non-union, gradation, inversion, polyunion, parallelism, rhetorical question, rhetorical appeal, silence, ellipsis, epiphora. The means of artistic expression also include rhythm (poetry and prose), rhyme, and intonation.
Artistic style - concept, types of speech, genres
All researchers talk about the special position of the style of fiction in the system of styles of the Russian language. But his highlighting in this common system perhaps, because it arises from the same basis as other styles.
The field of activity of the style of fiction is art.
The “material” of fiction is the common language.
He depicts in words thoughts, feelings, concepts, nature, people, and their communication. Every word in literary text is subject not only to the rules of linguistics, it lives according to the laws of verbal art, in a system of rules and techniques for creating artistic images.
Form of speech - predominantly written; for texts intended to be read aloud, prior registration is required.
Fiction uses all types of speech equally: monologue, dialogue, polylogue.
Type of communication - public.
Genres of fiction known - thisnovel, story, sonnet, short story, fable, poem, comedy, tragedy, drama, etc.
all elements artistic system works are subordinated to the solution of aesthetic problems. The word in a literary text is a means of creating an image, conveying artistic meaning works.
These texts use the entire variety of linguistic means that exist in the language (we have already talked about them): means of artistic expression, and both means of the literary language and phenomena outside the literary language can be used - dialects, jargon, means of other styles and etc. At the same time, the selection of linguistic means is subordinated artistic design author.
For example, the character's surname can be a means of creating an image. This technique was widely used by writers of the 18th century, introducing into the text “ speaking names"(Skotinins, Prostakova, Milon, etc.). To create an image, the author can, within the same text, use the possibilities of word ambiguity, homonyms, synonyms and other linguistic phenomena
(The one who, having sipped passion, only gulped down mud - M. Tsvetaeva).
Repetition of a word that, scientifically and officially, is business styles emphasizes the accuracy of the text, in journalism it serves as a means of enhancing impact, in artistic speech can form the basis of the text, create art world author
(cf.: S. Yesenin’s poem “You are my Shagane, Shagane”).
The artistic means of literature are characterized by the ability to “increase meaning” (for example, with information), which makes it possible different interpretations artistic texts, its various assessments.
For example, critics and readers assessed many works of art differently:
- drama by A.N. Ostrovsky called “The Thunderstorm” “a ray of light in dark kingdom", seeing in its main character a symbol of the revival of Russian life;
- his contemporary saw in “The Thunderstorm” only “a drama in a family chicken coop”,
- modern researchers A. Genis and P. Weil, comparing the image of Katerina with the image of Flaubert’s Emma Bovary, saw many similarities and called “The Thunderstorm” “the tragedy of bourgeois life.”
There are many such examples: interpretation of the image of Shakespeare's Hamlet, Turgenev's, Dostoevsky's heroes.
The literary text has author's originality - author's style. These are the characteristic features of the language of the works of one author, consisting in the choice of heroes, compositional features text, the language of the characters, speech features the actual author's text.
So, for example, for the style of L.N. Tolstoy is characterized by a technique that famous literary critic V. Shklovsky called it “detachment.” The purpose of this technique is to return to the reader living perception reality and expose evil. This technique, for example, is used by the writer in the scene of Natasha Rostova’s visit to the theater (“War and Peace”): at first, Natasha, exhausted by separation from Andrei Bolkonsky, perceives the theater as an artificial life, opposed to her, Natasha’s, feelings (cardboard scenery, aging actors), then, after meeting Helen, Natasha looks at the stage through her eyes.
Another feature of Tolstoy’s style is the constant division of the depicted object into simple constituent elements, which can manifest itself in the ranks of homogeneous members of a sentence; at the same time, such dismemberment is subordinated to a single idea. Tolstoy, fighting against the romantics, developed his own style and practically abandoned the use of figurative means of language.
In a literary text we also encounter the image of the author, which can be presented as an image - a storyteller or an image of a hero, a narrator.
This is a conventional image .
The author ascribes to him, “transfers” the authorship of his work, which may contain information about the writer’s personality, facts of his life that do not correspond to the actual facts of the writer’s biography. By this he emphasizes the non-identity of the author of the work and his image in the work.
- actively participates in the lives of the heroes,
- included in the plot of the work,
- expresses his attitude to what is happening and characters
The stylistic stratification of speech is its characteristic feature. This stratification is based on several factors, the main one being the spheres of communication. The sphere of individual consciousness - everyday life - and the informal environment associated with it give rise to a conversational style, spheres public consciousness with the formality that accompanies them, they nourish bookish styles.
The difference in the communicative function of language is also significant. For the presenter is for book styles - a message function.
Among book styles, the artistic style of speech especially stands out. Thus, his language acts not only (and perhaps not so much) but also as a means of influencing people.
The artist summarizes his observations with the help of a specific image, through the skillful selection of expressive details. He shows, draws, depicts the subject of speech. But you can only show and draw what is visible, concrete. Therefore, the requirement for specificity is the main feature of the artistic style. However good artist will never describe, for example, spring forest directly, so to speak, head-on, in the manner of science. He will select a few strokes and expressive details for his image and with their help he will create a visible image, a picture.
Speaking about imagery as the leading stylistic feature of artistic speech, one should distinguish between “image in words”, i.e. figurative meanings of words, and “image through words.” Only by combining both, we get an artistic style of speech.
In addition, the artistic style of speech has the following characteristic features:
1. Scope of use: works of art.
2. Speech tasks: create living picture, depicting what the story is about; convey to the reader the emotions and feelings experienced by the author.
3. Features artistic style of speech. The statement basically happens:
Figurative (expressive and lively);
Specific (this person is described, and not people in general);
Emotional.
Specific words: not animals, but wolves, foxes, deer and others; didn’t look, but paid attention, looked.
Words are often used in a figurative meaning: an ocean of smiles, the sun is sleeping.
The use of emotionally evaluative words: a) having diminutive suffixes: bucket, swallow, little white; b) with the suffix -evat- (-ovat-): loose, reddish.
The use of perfective verbs with the prefix za-, denoting the beginning of an action (the orchestra began to play).
Using present tense verbs instead of past tense verbs (I went to school, suddenly I see...).
The use of interrogatives, incentives, exclamation sentences.
Use of sentences with homogeneous members.
Speeches can be found in any art book:
Shined with forged damask steel
The rivers are a icy stream.
Don was scary
The horses snored
And the backwater foamed with blood... (V. Fetisov)
Quiet and blissful is the December night. The village sleeps peacefully, and the stars, like guards, vigilantly and vigilantly watch that there is harmony on earth, so that unrest and discord, God forbid, do not disturb the unsteady harmony, do not push people into new quarrels - the Russian side is already sufficiently fed with them ( A. Ustenko).
Pay attention!
It is necessary to be able to distinguish between artistic style of speech and language work of art. In it, the writer resorts to various functional styles, using language as a means speech characteristics hero. Most often, the characters’ remarks reflect a conversational style of speech, but if the task of creating an artistic image requires it, the writer can use both scientific and business in the hero’s speech, and the failure to distinguish between the concepts of “artistic style of speech” and “language of a work of art” leads to perceiving any excerpt from a work of art as an example of an artistic style of speech, which is a gross mistake.