The Russian character is a thick problem. Russian character. Essay on the Unified State Exam. Comparisons are expressed in different ways

Here is a bank of arguments for an essay on the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. It is dedicated to military topics. Each problem has corresponding literary examples that are necessary to write a paper of the highest quality. The title corresponds to the formulation of the problem, under the title there are arguments (3-5 pieces depending on complexity). You can also download these arguments in table form(link at the end of the article). We hope that they will help you in preparing for the Unified State Exam.

In Vasil Bykov’s story “Sotnikov,” Rybak betrayed his homeland, fearing torture. When two comrades, looking for provisions for a partisan detachment, ran into the invaders, they were forced to retreat and hide in the village. However, their enemies found them in the house of a local resident and decided to interrogate them using violence. Sotnikov passed the test with honor, but his friend joined the punitive forces. He decided to become a policeman, although he intended to run away to his own people at the first opportunity. However, this act forever crossed out Rybak’s future. Having knocked the supports out from under his comrade’s feet, he became a traitor and a vile murderer who is not worthy of forgiveness.
In Alexander Pushkin's novel The Captain's Daughter, cowardice turned into a personal tragedy for the hero: he lost everything. Trying to win the favor of Marya Mironova, he decided to be cunning and disingenuous, rather than behave courageously. And so, at the decisive moment, when the Belgorod fortress was captured by the rebels, and Masha’s parents were brutally killed, Alexey did not stand up for them, did not protect the girl, but changed into a simple dress and joined the invaders, saving his life. His cowardice completely repulsed the heroine, and even being in his captivity, she proudly and adamantly resisted his caresses. In her opinion, it is better to die than to be at one with a coward and a traitor.
In Valentin Rasputin’s work “Live and Remember,” Andrei deserts and runs to his home, to his native village. Unlike him, his wife was a courageous and devoted woman, so she, risking herself, covers for her runaway husband. He lives in a nearby forest, and she carries everything he needs secretly from the neighbors. But Nastya’s absences became public knowledge. Fellow villagers swam after her in a boat. To save Andrei, Nastena drowned herself without betraying the deserter. But the coward in her person lost everything: love, salvation, family. His fear of war destroyed the only person who loved him.
In Tolstoy’s story “Prisoner of the Caucasus,” two heroes are contrasted: Zhilin and Kostygin. While one, having been captured by the mountaineers, bravely fights for his freedom, the other humbly waits for his relatives to pay the ransom. Fear clouds his eyes, and he does not understand that this money will support the rebels and their fight against his compatriots. For him, only his own fate comes first, and he doesn’t care about the interests of his homeland. Obviously, cowardice manifests itself in war and reveals such traits of nature as selfishness, weak character and insignificance.

Overcoming fear in war

In Vsevolod Garshin’s story “Coward,” the hero is afraid to perish in the name of someone’s political ambitions. He is worried that he, with all his plans and dreams, will turn out to be just a last name and initials in a dry newspaper report. He doesn’t understand why he needs to fight and risk himself, what all these sacrifices are for. His friends, of course, say that he is driven by cowardice. They gave him food for thought, and he decided to volunteer for the front. The hero realized that he was sacrificing himself for the sake of a great cause - the salvation of his people and homeland. He died, but was happy, because he had taken a truly significant step, and his life acquired meaning.
In Mikhail Sholokhov's story “The Fate of a Man,” Andrei Sokolov overcomes the fear of death and does not agree to drink to the victory of the Third Reich, as the commandant demands. He already faces punishment for inciting rebellion and disrespecting his guards. The only way to avoid death is to accept Muller’s toast, to betray the homeland in words. Of course, the man wanted to live and was afraid of torture, but honor and dignity were more important to him. Mentally and spiritually, he fought with the occupiers, even standing in front of the camp commander. And he defeated him by force of will, refusing to carry out his order. The enemy recognized the superiority of the Russian spirit and rewarded the soldier who, even in captivity, overcomes fear and defends the interests of his country.
In Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Pierre Bezukhov is afraid to participate in hostilities: he is awkward, timid, weak, and not suited for military service. However, seeing the scope and horror of the Patriotic War of 1812, he decided to go alone and kill Napoleon. He was not at all obliged to go to besieged Moscow and risk himself; with his money and influence, he could sit out in a secluded corner of Russia. But he goes to help the people in some way. Pierre, of course, does not kill the French emperor, but saves the girl from the fire, and this is already a lot. He conquered his fear and did not hide from the war.

The problem of imaginary and real heroism

In Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Fyodor Dolokhov shows excessive cruelty during military operations. He enjoys violence, while always demanding rewards and praise for his imaginary heroism, which contains more vanity than courage. For example, he grabbed an officer who had already surrendered by the collar and insisted for a long time that it was he who took him prisoner. While soldiers like Timokhin modestly and simply carried out their duty, Fedor boasted and boasted about his exaggerated achievements. He did this not for the sake of saving his homeland, but for the sake of self-affirmation. This is false, unreal heroism.
In Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Andrei Bolkonsky goes to war for the sake of his career, and not for the bright future of his country. He only cares about the glory that Napoleon, for example, received. In pursuit of her, he leaves his pregnant wife alone. Finding himself on the battlefield, the prince rushes into a bloody battle, calling on many people to sacrifice themselves with him. However, his throw did not change the outcome of the battle, but only ensured new losses. Having realized this, Andrei realizes the insignificance of his motives. From that moment on, he no longer pursues recognition, he is only concerned about the fate of his native country, and only for it is he ready to return to the front and sacrifice himself.
In the story “Sotnikov” by Vasil Bykov, Rybak was known as a strong and brave fighter. He was in good health and powerful in appearance. In fights he had no equal. But the real test showed that all his actions were just empty boasting. Fearing torture, Rybak accepts the enemy’s offer and becomes a policeman. There was not a drop of real courage in his feigned courage, so he could not withstand the moral pressure of the fear of pain and death. Unfortunately, imaginary virtues are recognized only in trouble, and his comrades did not know whom they trusted.
In Boris Vasiliev’s story “Not on the Lists,” the hero single-handedly defends the Brest Fortress, all the other defenders of which fell dead. Nikolai Pluzhnikov himself can barely stand on his feet, but he still fulfills his duty until the end of his life. Someone, of course, will say that this is reckless on his part. There is safety in numbers. But I still think that in his situation this is the only right choice, because he will not get out and join combat-ready units. So isn't it better to give the last fight than to waste a bullet on yourself? In my opinion, Pluzhnikov’s act is a feat of a real man who faces the truth.
Victor Astafiev’s novel “Cursed and Killed” describes dozens of destinies of ordinary children whom the war drove into the most difficult conditions: hunger, mortal risk, illness and constant fatigue. They are not soldiers, but ordinary residents of villages and villages, prisons and camps: illiterate, cowardly, tight-fisted and not even very honest. All of them are just cannon fodder in battle; many are of no use. What motivates them? The desire to curry favor and get a deferment or a job in the city? Hopelessness? Maybe their stay at the front is reckless? You can answer in different ways, but I still think that their sacrifices and modest contribution to the victory were not in vain, but necessary. I am sure that their behavior is not always controlled by a conscious, but true force - love for the fatherland. The author shows how and why it manifests itself in each of the characters. Therefore, I consider their courage to be genuine.

Mercy and indifference in an atmosphere of hostilities

In Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Berg, the husband of Vera Rostova, shows blasphemous indifference to his compatriots. During the evacuation from besieged Moscow, he takes advantage of people's grief and confusion by buying their rare and valuable items cheaper. He does not care about the fate of his fatherland, he only looks into his own pocket. The troubles of the surrounding refugees, frightened and oppressed by the war, do not touch him in any way. At the same time, the peasants are burning all their property so that it does not fall to the enemy. They burn houses, kill livestock, and destroy entire villages. For the sake of victory, they risk everything, go into the forests and live as one family. In contrast, Tolstoy shows indifference and compassion, contrasting the dishonest elite with the poor, who turned out to be richer spiritually.
Alexander Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin” describes the unity of the people in the face of a mortal threat. In the chapter “Two Soldiers,” the old people welcome Vasily and even feed him, having spent precious food supplies on the stranger. In exchange for hospitality, the hero repairs the elderly couple's watches and other utensils, and also entertains them with encouraging conversations. Although the old woman is reluctant to take out the treat, Terkin does not reproach her, because he understands how difficult life is for them in the village, where there is even no one to help chop wood - everyone is at the front. However, even different people find a common language and have compassion for each other when clouds gather over their homeland. This unity was the author’s call.
In Vasil Bykov's story "Sotnikov" Demchikha hides partisans, despite the mortal risk. She hesitates, being a frightened and persecuted village woman, not a heroine from the cover. Before us is a living person who is not without weaknesses. She is not happy with uninvited guests, policemen are circling the village, and if they find something, no one will survive. And yet, the woman’s compassion takes over: she shelters the resistance fighters. And her feat did not go unnoticed: during interrogation with torture and torture, Sotnikov does not betray his patroness, carefully trying to shield her and shift the blame onto himself. Thus, mercy in war begets mercy, and cruelty only leads to cruelty.
In Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" some episodes are described that indicate the manifestation of indifference and responsiveness towards prisoners. The Russian people saved officer Rambal and his orderly from death. The frozen French themselves came to the enemy camp, they were dying of frostbite and hunger. Our compatriots showed mercy: they fed them porridge, poured them warming vodka, and even carried the officer into the tent in their arms. But the occupiers were less compassionate: a Frenchman I knew did not stand up for Bezukhov when he saw him in the crowd of prisoners. The count himself barely survived, receiving the meager rations in prison and walking in the cold on a leash. In such conditions, the weakened Platon Karataev, to whom none of the enemies even thought of giving porridge with vodka, died. The example of Russian soldiers is instructive: it demonstrates the truth that in war you need to remain human.
An interesting example was described by Alexander Pushkin in the novel “The Captain's Daughter”. Pugachev, the ataman of the rebels, showed mercy and pardoned Peter, respecting his kindness and generosity. The young man once gave him a short fur coat, not stinging in helping a stranger from the common people. Emelyan continued to do good to him even after the “reckoning”, because in the war he strove for justice. But Empress Catherine showed indifference to the fate of the officer devoted to her and surrendered only to Marya’s persuasion. During the war, she showed barbaric cruelty by arranging the execution of rebels in the square. It is not surprising that the people rebelled against her despotic power. Only compassion can help a person stop the destructive power of hatred and enmity.

Moral Choices in War

In Gogol's story "Taras Bulba", the youngest son of the protagonist is at a crossroads between love and homeland. He chooses the first, forever renouncing his family and homeland. His comrades did not accept his choice. The father was especially grieved, because the only chance to restore the honor of the family was to kill the traitor. The military brotherhood took revenge for the death of their loved ones and for the oppression of the faith, Andriy trampled on holy vengeance, and for defending this idea Taras also made his difficult but necessary choice. He kills his son, proving to his fellow soldiers that the most important thing for him, as an ataman, is the salvation of his homeland, and not petty interests. Thus, he forever cements the Cossack partnership, which will fight the “Poles” even after his death.
In Leo Tolstoy’s story “Prisoner of the Caucasus,” the heroine also made a desperate decision. Dina liked the Russian man who was forcibly held by her relatives, friends, and her people. She was faced with a choice between kinship and love, the bonds of duty and the dictates of feeling. She hesitated, thought, decided, but could not help but help, because she understood that Zhilin was not worthy of such a fate. He is kind, strong and honest, but he does not have money for ransom, and that is not his fault. Despite the fact that the Tatars and Russians fought, that one captured the other, the girl made a moral choice in favor of justice rather than cruelty. This probably expresses the superiority of children over adults: even in struggle they show less anger.
Remarque's novel All Quiet on the Western Front depicts the image of a military commissar who drafted high school students, still just boys, into the First World War. At the same time, we remember from history that Germany did not defend itself, but attacked, that is, the guys went to their death for the sake of other people’s ambitions. However, their hearts were set on fire by the words of this dishonest man. So, the main characters went to the front. And only there they realized that their agitator was a coward hiding in the rear. He sends young men to their deaths, while he himself sits at home. His choice is immoral. He exposes this seemingly courageous officer as a weak-willed hypocrite.
In Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin,” the main character swims across an icy river to bring important reports to the attention of the command. He throws himself into the water under fire, risking freezing to death or drowning after catching an enemy bullet. But Vasily makes a choice in favor of duty - an idea that is larger than himself. He contributes to victory, thinking not about himself, but about the outcome of the operation.

Mutual assistance and selfishness on the front line

In Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Natasha Rostova is ready to give up carts to the wounded in order to help them avoid persecution by the French and leave the besieged city. She is ready to lose valuable things, despite the fact that her family is on the verge of ruin. It's all about her upbringing: the Rostovs were always ready to help and help a person out of trouble. Relationships are more valuable to them than money. But Berg, the husband of Vera Rostova, during the evacuation, bargained things cheaply from frightened people in order to make capital. Alas, in war not everyone passes the test of morality. The true face of a person, an egoist or a benefactor, will always reveal itself.
In Leo Tolstoy's Sevastopol Stories, the "circle of aristocrats" demonstrates the unpleasant character traits of the nobility, who found themselves at war because of vanity. For example, Galtsin is a coward, everyone knows about it, but no one talks about it, because he is a high-born nobleman. He lazily offers his help on the outing, but everyone hypocritically dissuades him, knowing that he won’t go anywhere, and he’s of little use. This man is a cowardly egoist who thinks only of himself, not paying attention to the needs of the fatherland and the tragedy of his own people. At the same time, Tolstoy describes the silent feat of doctors who work overtime and restrain their frenzied nerves from the horror they saw. They will not be rewarded or promoted, they do not care about this, because they have one goal - to save as many soldiers as possible.
In Mikhail Bulgakov's novel The White Guard, Sergei Talberg leaves his wife and runs away from a country torn by civil war. He selfishly and cynically leaves in Russia everything that was dear to him, everything to which he swore to be faithful to the end. Elena was taken under the protection of her brothers, who, unlike their relative, served to the last the one to whom they took the oath. They protected and consoled their abandoned sister, because all the conscientious people united under the burden of the threat. For example, the commander Nai-Tours performs an outstanding feat, saving the cadets from imminent death in a futile battle. He himself dies, but helps innocent young men deceived by the hetman to save their lives and leave the besieged city.

Negative impact of war on society

In Mikhail Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Don,” the entire Cossack people becomes a victim of war. The former way of life is collapsing due to fratricidal strife. Breadwinners die, children become unruly, widows go crazy from grief and the unbearable yoke of labor. The fate of absolutely all the characters is tragic: Aksinya and Peter die, Daria becomes infected with syphilis and commits suicide, Grigory is disappointed in life, lonely and forgotten Natalya dies, Mikhail becomes callous and impudent, Dunyasha runs away and lives unhappily. All generations are in discord, brother goes against brother, the land is orphaned, because in the heat of battle it was forgotten. As a result, the civil war led only to devastation and grief, and not to the bright future that all the warring parties promised.
In Mikhail Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" the hero became another victim of the war. A Russian military man picked him up, forcibly took him away from his home, and probably would have continued to control his fate if the boy had not fallen ill. Then his almost lifeless body was thrown into the care of the monks in a nearby monastery. Mtsyri grew up, he was destined for the fate of a novice, and then a clergyman, but he never came to terms with the arbitrariness of his captors. The young man wanted to return to his homeland, reunite with his family, and quench his thirst for love and life. However, he was deprived of all this, because he was just a prisoner, and even after his escape he found himself back in his prison. This story is an echo of war, as the struggle of countries cripples the fate of ordinary people.
In Nikolai Gogol's novel “Dead Souls” there is an insert that is a separate story. This is a story about Captain Kopeikin. It tells about the fate of a cripple who became a victim of war. In the battle for his homeland, he became disabled. Hoping to receive a pension or some kind of assistance, he came to the capital and began visiting officials. However, they became bitter in their comfortable workplaces and only drove the poor man, without making his life filled with suffering any easier. Alas, constant wars in the Russian Empire gave rise to many such cases, so no one particularly reacted to them. You can’t even definitely blame anyone here. Society became indifferent and cruel, so people defended themselves from constant worries and losses.
In Varlam Shalamov’s story “The Last Battle of Major Pugachev,” the main characters, who honestly defended their homeland during the war, ended up in a labor camp in their homeland because they had once been captured by the Germans. No one took pity on these worthy people, no one showed mercy, but they were not guilty of being captured. And it’s not just about cruel and unjust politicians, it’s about the people, who have become hardened from constant grief, from inescapable deprivation. Society itself indifferently listened to the suffering of innocent soldiers. And they, too, were forced to kill the guards, run and shoot back, because the bloody massacre made them like that: merciless, angry and desperate.

Children and women at the front

In Boris Vasiliev's story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet,” the main characters are women. They, of course, were more afraid than men to go to war; each of them still had close and dear people. Rita even left her son to her parents. However, the girls fight selflessly and do not retreat, even though they are up against sixteen soldiers. Each of them fights heroically, each overcomes her fear of death in the name of saving her homeland. Their feat is taken especially hard, because fragile women have no place on the battlefield. However, they destroyed this stereotype and conquered the fear that constrained even more suitable fighters.
In Boris Vasiliev’s novel “Not on the Lists,” the last defenders of the Brest Fortress are trying to save women and children from starvation. They don't have enough water and supplies. With pain in their hearts, the soldiers see them off into German captivity; there is no other way out. However, the enemies did not spare even expectant mothers. Pluzhnikov's pregnant wife, Mirra, is beaten to death with boots and pierced with a bayonet. Her mutilated corpse is pelted with bricks. The tragedy of war is that it dehumanizes people, releasing all their hidden vices.
In Arkady Gaidar's work “Timur and His Team,” the heroes are not soldiers, but young pioneers. While the fierce battle continues on the fronts, they, as best they can, help the fatherland to survive in trouble. The guys do the hard work for widows, orphans and single mothers who don’t even have anyone to chop wood. They secretly perform all these tasks without waiting for praise and honor. For them, the main thing is to make their modest but important contribution to victory. Their destinies are also ruined by the war. Zhenya, for example, grows up in the care of his older sister, but they see their father once every few months. However, this does not prevent children from fulfilling their small civic duty.

The problem of nobility and baseness in battle

In Boris Vasiliev’s novel “Not on the Lists,” Mirra is forced to surrender when she discovers that she is pregnant with Nikolai’s child. There is no water or food in their shelter; the young people miraculously survive, because they are being hunted. But a lame Jewish girl emerges from hiding to save the life of her child. Pluzhnikov is watching her vigilantly. However, she was unable to blend into the crowd. So that her husband does not give himself away, does not go to save her, she moves away, and Nikolai does not see how his wife is beaten by the rabid invaders, how they wound her with a bayonet, how they cover her body with bricks. There is so much nobility, so much love and self-sacrifice in this act of hers that it is difficult to perceive it without an internal shudder. The fragile woman turned out to be stronger, more courageous and nobler than the representatives of the “chosen nation” and the stronger sex.
In Nikolai Gogol’s story “Taras Bulba”, Ostap shows true nobility in war conditions when, even under torture, he does not utter a single cry. He did not give the enemy spectacle and rejoicing by defeating him spiritually. In his dying word, he only addressed his father, whom he did not expect to hear. But I heard. And he realized that their cause was alive, which means he was alive. In this self-denial in the name of an idea, his rich and strong nature was revealed. But the idle crowd surrounding him is a symbol of human baseness, because people gathered to savor the pain of another person. This is terrible, and Gogol emphasizes how terrible the face of this motley public is, how disgusting its murmur is. He contrasted her cruelty with Ostap’s virtue, and we understand whose side the author is on in this conflict.
The nobility and baseness of a person are truly manifested only in emergency situations. For example, in Vasil Bykov’s story “Sotnikov,” two heroes behaved completely differently, although they lived side by side in the same detachment. The fisherman betrayed his country, his friends, and his duty out of fear of pain and death. He became a policeman and even helped his new comrades hang their former partner. Sotnikov did not think about himself, although he suffered from torture. He tried to save Demchikha, his former friend, and avert trouble from the detachment. So he blamed everything on himself. This noble man did not allow himself to be broken and gave his life for his homeland with dignity.

The problem of responsibility and negligence of fighters

Leo Tolstoy's Sevastopol Stories describes the irresponsibility of many fighters. They just show off in front of each other, and go to work only for the sake of promotion. They do not think at all about the outcome of the battle, they are only interested in rewards. For example, Mikhailov only cares about making friends with a circle of aristocrats and receiving some benefits from his service. Having received a wound, he even refuses to bandage it so that everyone will be shocked by the sight of blood, because there is a reward for a serious injury. Therefore, it is not surprising that in the finale Tolstoy describes precisely defeat. With such an attitude towards your duty to your homeland, it is impossible to win.
In “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign,” an unknown author tells about the instructive campaign of Prince Igor against the Polovtsians. Striving to gain easy glory, he leads a squad against the nomads, neglecting the concluded truce. Russian troops defeat their enemies, but at night the nomads take the sleeping and drunken warriors by surprise, kill many, and take the rest prisoner. The young prince repented of his extravagance, but it was too late: the squad was killed, his estate was without an owner, his wife was in grief, like the rest of the people. The opposite of the frivolous ruler is the wise Svyatoslav, who says that the Russian lands need to be united, and that you shouldn’t just meddle with your enemies. He takes his mission responsibly and condemns Igor’s vanity. His “Golden Word” subsequently became the basis of the political system of Rus'.
In Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, two types of commanders are contrasted with each other: Kutuzov and Alexander the First. One takes care of his people, puts the well-being of the army above victory, while the other thinks only about the quick success of the cause, and he does not care about the sacrifices of the soldiers. Due to the illiterate and short-sighted decisions of the Russian emperor, the army suffered losses, the soldiers were dejected and confused. But Kutuzov’s tactics brought Russia complete deliverance from the enemy with minimal losses. Therefore, it is very important to be a responsible and humane leader during the battle.

O.Henry " "
The most important thing is not the external shine, but the internal content. A person is created by the amount of cash, and his soul. This conclusion can be reached by reading O. Henry's story "". The main character of the story is a young man named Towers Chandler, who once every 70 days pretended to be a rich man. It seemed to him that this was how he elevated himself in the eyes of people, but he was wrong. One day he met a beautiful girl, to whom he spent the entire evening “showing off” by talking about his riches. He thought he had won her attention, but did not take into account the fact that people do not always judge each other “by their clothes.” For wealthy Marian, money was not important; she was interested in the inner world of a person. Later, telling her sister who she could love, Marian described Chandler, but not how he appeared to her on the streets of Manhattan, but who he really was. Hiding behind the “tinsel glitter,” Chandler was unable to show his true nature. As he explained to himself, “the suit didn’t allow it.”

The true beauty of a person does not depend on his appearance
Beautiful is the one who does moral deeds
The most important thing in a person is sometimes impossible to see with the eyes
External beauty is not always a reflection of the rich spiritual world of a person
It happens that people who seem attractive outwardly commit absolutely immoral acts
A person with a truly beautiful soul creates a special, incomparable atmosphere with his presence

Arguments

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". As a child, Natasha Rostova, one of the heroines of the great epic novel, was not beautiful. The attention paid to her is impossible without inner beauty: both in childhood and in adulthood, she was distinguished by her love of life, spontaneity, and pure soul. Another heroine you should pay attention to is Princess Marya Bolkonskaya. In appearance, she was clearly inferior to beauties; only her eyes were beautiful. But people who are capable of feeling real beauty appreciated her inner qualities. Marya Bolkonskaya and Natasha Rostova can be contrasted with Helen Kuragin: society admired her beauty. But this beauty is only external. In fact, Helen Kuragina is a stupid, callous, selfish, calculating, selfish person. The heroine's external charm does not compensate for her immoral behavior.

A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin's Dvor". Matryona has a completely ordinary appearance. The only part of her appearance that attracts attention is her beautiful smile. But what is important to us is not external beauty, but internal beauty. It is not for nothing that the author writes that only those who are at peace with their own conscience have a good face. Matryona is a person from whom comes inner light, spiritual warmth. This is much more important than external attractiveness.

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Svidrigailov, a rather rich and well-groomed man, is in fact not distinguished by good spiritual qualities: he is ready to do any meanness for the sake of his own whim. Physical beauty and a nasty inner world do not go together in any way: at first, in this tyrant and rapist you can see a beautiful person. The image of Sonya Marmeladova is the opposite. Due to malnutrition and poverty, the girl’s appearance suffers greatly: she is pale, thin, intimidated, and wears terrible clothes. But the inner world of Sonya Marmeladova is beautiful, despite her lifestyle and appearance.

O. Wilde “The Picture of Dorian Gray.” In this work, the problem of internal and external beauty is the main one. At the beginning of the work, we see in Dorian Gray a timid, bashful and incredibly handsome young man. Beauty is his source of power: no matter what the hero does, his appearance does not change. All changes affect only the portrait of the young man, painted by Basil Hallward. Gradually, Dorian Gray turns into an inhuman, immoral monster who has committed many nasty things, including even the murder of an artist. He is still as handsome as he was many years ago, only the portrait depicts the state of his soul. Dorian Gray wants to put an end to the terrible image of himself and dies by stabbing a dagger into the portrait. External beauty turned out to be destructive for him.

Antoine de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince". The wise thoughts of the Little Prince can teach even an adult a lot. Our hero said: “Only the heart is vigilant. You can’t see the most important thing with your eyes.” And we can say without a doubt that he is right. True beauty is inside a person, in his soul, in his right actions.

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". In the work we do not see a description of Pyotr Grinev. It doesn't matter at all whether he is beautiful in appearance. All the beauty of this person is expressed in his moral qualities and noble deeds. Pyotr Grinev is a man of honor who did not allow himself to betray his homeland or leave his beloved girl in danger. His actions are beautiful, which means he himself is beautiful.

M. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man.” The fact that it is impossible to judge a person by appearance is proven by the image of Andrei Sokolov, the main character of the work. He was summoned to the German Muller when he was in captivity. Exhausted from work, hungry, Andrei Sokolov could not be beautiful in appearance at that moment. All his beauty was manifested in his moral actions: Sokolov refused to drink German weapons to the victory, and to spite the enemy he did not take a bite, despite hunger and lack of strength. By these actions one can judge that a person has a beautiful soul.

Russian character? What's special about it? When does it reveal itself in full force? These and other questions arise in my mind after reading A.N. Tolstoy’s text.

The author raises in his text the problem of the Russian character. What is he like? To answer this question, he tells us about the young tank lieutenant Yegor Dremov. It does not describe exploits, of which there were many, but about the wounding of a soldier. The tank was hit and caught fire. The driver pulled out the burning lieutenant. But he was badly burned, especially his face.

Eight months in the hospital, operation after operation. “They restored everything: the nose, lips, eyelids, and ears.” When Yegor first “looked at his and now not his own face,” he said: “It can be worse, but you can live with it.” He didn’t ask for another mirror, he just felt his face, getting used to it. The news that he was declared unfit for military service did not make him happy. He went to the general with a request to send him to the front. In response to objections, he replied: “...I’m a freak, but this won’t interfere with the matter, I will completely restore combat effectiveness!” This is the Russian character! “Great power is human beauty.”

The author's position is clear to me. Russian character lies in fortitude, in the ability to overcome any difficulties, in the ability to think about others and not about oneself. Yegor does not become limp, does not feel sorry for himself, he sees himself not as a freak, but as a man capable of fighting and serving the Motherland. And this is the most correct choice. He notices the tears of the nurse and the glance of the general, who tried not to look at him during the conversation, but does not pay attention to it. He remained the same Yegor Dremov, and nothing will change that.

I agree with the author's position. War reveals the “core” in a person, human beauty. And we see the hero’s action, which reveals to us the true Russian character. In fiction, we meet ordinary people who, in moments of danger, become heroes, forgetting about themselves, without fear of death.

In Leo Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace, Pierre Bezukhov, after an unsuccessful attempt to kill Napoleon, goes to the front. Overweight, clumsy Pierre in a white tailcoat and white hat takes part in the Battle of Borodino, finding himself in the thick of it. Another would have been scared, hid in the headquarters, but he is firing shells, trying to figure out what is happening, to help. The desire to serve the Motherland completely deprives him of the fear of death. He behaves nobly and bravely even in captivity. Did Pierre expect such courage from himself? I think no. But the Russian character makes itself felt.

In A.S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter,” Pyotr Grinev does not receive help in Orenburg and goes to the Belogorsk fortress alone to save his beloved girl Maria Mironova, who ended up in the hands of the vile Shvabrin. Savelich, who was devoted to him, followed him. The fortress has been captured by enemies. For kindness (hare sheepskin coat) Pugachev released Grinev. I was lucky once. Will the other one be lucky? Grinev doesn’t think about it. He must save Masha. A sense of duty is higher than the fear of death. And this is also the Russian character.

So what is the peculiarity of the Russian character? In fortitude, in perseverance, in a sense of duty, in the desire to think about others and not about oneself. And in moments of danger, be ready to show all this. Of course, I think people of other nationalities also have all these traits. Every nation has its heroes. But we are talking about the Russian character. Let's be proud of our heroes! We have someone to follow by example

Check, please. my essay, and if possible, give me points.

Original text
(1) Russian character! (2) Go ahead and describe it... (3) Should we talk about heroic deeds? (4) But there are so many of them that you get confused which one to prefer.
(5) In war, constantly hovering around death, people become better, all nonsense peels off from them, like unhealthy skin after a sunburn, and the core remains in the person. (6) Of course, for one it is stronger, for another it is weaker, but those who have a flawed core are drawn to it, everyone wants to be a good and faithful comrade.
(7) My friend, Yegor Dremov, even before the war had a strict behavior, he extremely respected and loved his mother, Marya Polikarpovna, and his father, Yegor Yegorovich, fulfilled his behest: “You will see a lot in the world, son, and you will go abroad, but Russian title - be proud..."
(8) He also didn’t like to rant about military exploits: he would frown and light a cigarette. (9) We learned about the combat performance of his tank from the words of the crew; the driver Chuvilev especially surprised the listeners.
- (10) You see, he leads the tiger with its trunk, and the comrade lieutenant, as soon as he gives it in the side, when he gives it to the turret - he lifted his trunk, when he gives it to the third - smoke poured out of all the cracks of the tiger, flames burst out of it a hundred meters up...
(11) This is how Lieutenant Yegor Dremov fought until a misfortune happened to him. (12) During the Battle of Kursk, when the Germans were already bleeding and trembling, his tank - on a hillock, in a wheat field - was hit by a shell, two of the crew were immediately killed, and the tank caught fire from the second shell. (13) The driver Chuvilev, who jumped out through the front hatch, again climbed onto the armor and managed to pull out the lieutenant: he was unconscious, his overalls were on fire. (14) Chuvilev threw handfuls of loose earth on the lieutenant’s face, head, and clothes to put out the fire. (15) Then he crawled with him from crater to crater to the dressing station...
(16) Yegor Dremov survived and did not even lose his sight, although his face was so charred that bones were visible in places. (17) He spent eight months in the hospital, he underwent plastic surgery one after another, his nose, lips, eyelids, and ears were restored. (18) Eight months later, when the bandages were removed, he looked at his and now not his face. (19) The nurse, who handed him a small mirror, turned away and began to cry. (20) He immediately returned the mirror to her.
(21) “It can be worse,” he said, “but you can live with it.”
(22) But he no longer asked the nurse for a mirror, he only often felt his face, as if he was getting used to it.
(23) The commission found him fit for non-combatant service. (24) Then he went to the general.
(25) I ask for your permission to return to the regiment. “(26) But you are disabled,” said the general.
(27) No way, I’m a freak, but this won’t interfere with the matter, I’ll completely restore my combat capability!
(28) Yegor Dremav noted that the general tried not to look at him during the conversation and only grinned with purple lips, straight as a slit.
(29) Yes, here they are, Russian characters! (30) It seems that a simple person, but a severe misfortune will come, in big or small ways, and a great power rises in him - human beauty.

(According to A.N. Tolstoy*)

* Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1882-1945) - Russian Soviet writer and public figure, author of socio-psychological, historical and science fiction novels, novels and short stories, journalistic works

Composition
What is the essence of the Russian character? How does it manifest itself? This problem is posed by A. N. Tolstoy in his text.

The author reveals the beauty of the Russian character using the example of the feat of one tanker. His Dremov more than once showed courage in battles. but in one of the battles, in the Battle of Kursk, his tank caught fire. The driver Chuvilov pulled him out of the burning car and dragged him to the dressing station. Yegor Dremov's face was so charred that bones were visible in places. And, although he had undergone several plastic surgeries, the nurse could not hold back her tears when she saw his face. Despite this, the tanker asked the general for permission to return to the regiment. “I’m a freak, but this won’t hurt the matter,” said Yegor Dremov. This was his greatest feat

A. N. Tolstoy is confident that the essence of the Russian character is love for the Motherland, heroism and inner strength. “It seems like a simple person, but a severe misfortune will come, and a great power will rise in him - human beauty,” says the writer.
I absolutely agree with the author's position. Since ancient times, the Russian people have been famous for their patriotism, their readiness to defend their land and give their lives for it. How many times, in order to save their homeland, our soldiers performed feats that cannot be explained. And as AK noted. /N. Tolstoy, it is in the days of difficult trials that the best qualities of the Russian character are revealed

This is confirmed by M.I. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man.” Andrei Sokolov withstood all the trials of war and the horrors of captivity, but when he returned home, he learned that his family had died during the bombing. But even then, he did not break down; on the contrary, he found the strength to accomplish a moral feat - he adopted the boy. Andrei Sokolov’s courage and resilience, as well as his ability to maintain self-esteem, are most clearly demonstrated in a conversation with the camp commandant. “Your will,” Andrei Sokolov responded to Mueller’s words that he would now personally shoot him.

Speaking about the Russian character, one cannot help but mention the Great Patriotic War. After all, it was the Russian people who stood up to defend their homeland, it was the Russian people who stopped fascism, it was the Russian people who owned the Great Victory.

So, analyzing the text of A.N. Tolstoy, I came to the conclusion that the main features of the Russian character at all times were patriotism, perseverance and heroism. And I believe that it will always be this way.