1. Features of the interaction of good and evil in folk tales.
2. Changing the approach to the relationship between heroes and antagonists.
3. Differences in the relationship between positive and negative heroes.
4. Blurring the boundaries between concepts.
Despite the apparent diversity artistic images and characters, fundamental categories have always existed and will exist in world literature, the opposition of which, on the one hand, is main reason development storyline, and on the other hand, encourages the development of moral criteria in the individual. The vast majority of heroes of world literature can easily be classified into one of two camps: defenders of Good and adherents of Evil. These abstract concepts can be embodied in visible, living images.
The significance of the categories of Good and Evil in culture and human life no doubt. A clear definition of these concepts allows an individual to establish himself in life, evaluating his own and other people’s actions from the point of view of what should and should not be done. Many philosophical and religious systems are based on the idea of opposition between two principles. So is it any wonder that characters in fairy tales and legends embody opposite traits? However, it should be noted that if the idea of the behavior of heroes embodying the evil principle changed little over time, then the idea of what the response to their actions by representatives of Good should be did not remain unchanged. Let us first consider how victorious heroes dealt with their evil opponents in fairy tales.
For example, the fairy tale “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”. The evil stepmother, using witchcraft, tries to destroy her stepdaughter, jealous of her beauty, but all the machinations of the witch turn out to be in vain. Good triumphs. Snow White not only remains alive, but also marries Prince Charming. However, what does the victorious Good do with the losing Evil? The ending of the tale seems to have been taken from a narrative about the activities of the Inquisition: “But iron shoes had already been placed on the burning coals for her, they were brought, held with tongs, and placed in front of her. And she had to step her feet into red-hot shoes and dance in them until she finally fell, dead, to the ground.”
A similar attitude towards to the defeated enemy typical of many fairy tales. But it should be noted right away that the point here is not the increased aggressiveness and cruelty of Good, but the peculiarities of the understanding of justice in ancient times, because the plots of most fairy tales were formed a very long time ago. “An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth” - this is the ancient formula of retribution. Moreover, heroes who embody the traits of Good not only have the right to brutally deal with a defeated enemy, but must do so, because revenge is a duty assigned to man by the gods.
However, the concept gradually changed under the influence of Christianity. A. S. Pushkin in “The Tale of dead princess and about the seven heroes" used a plot almost identical to "Snow White". And in Pushkin’s text, the evil stepmother did not escape punishment - but how is it carried out?
Then sadness took over her,
And the queen died.
Inevitable retribution does not occur as the arbitrariness of mortal victors: it is the judgment of God. In Pushkin’s fairy tale there is no medieval fanaticism, the description of which involuntarily makes the reader shiver; the humanism of the author and positive characters only emphasizes the greatness of God (even if He is not mentioned directly), the highest justice.
The “longing” that “took” the queen—isn’t it conscience, which the ancient sages called “the Eye of God in man”?
So, in the ancient, pagan understanding, representatives of Good differ from representatives of Evil in the ways of achieving their goals and the undoubted right to something that their enemies are trying to take away - but not at all by a kinder, more humane attitude towards the defeated enemy.
In the works of writers who have absorbed Christian traditions, the unconditional right of positive heroes to carry out merciless reprisals against those who could not withstand the temptation and took the side of Evil is questioned: “And count those who should live, but they are dead. Can you resurrect them? But no, don’t rush to condemn anyone to death. For even the wisest are not given to foresee everything” (D. Tolkien “The Lord of the Rings”). “Now he is fallen, but it’s not for us to judge him: who knows, maybe he will rise again,” says Frodo, the main character of Tolkien’s epic. This work raises the problem of the ambiguity of Good. Yes, representatives bright side may share mistrust and even fear, moreover, no matter how wise, courageous and kind you are, there is always the possibility that you can lose these virtues and join the camp of villains (perhaps without consciously wanting this). A similar transformation occurs with the magician Saruman, whose original mission was to fight Evil, embodied in the person of Sauron. It threatens anyone who wishes to possess the One Ring. However, Tolkien does not even hint at Sauron's possible reformation. Although Evil is also not monolithic and ambiguous, it is, to a greater extent, an irreversible state.
The works of writers who continued the tradition of Tolkien present different views on what and which of Tolkien's characters should be considered Good and Evil. Currently, you can find works in which Sauron and his teacher Melkor, a kind of Lucifer of Middle-earth, do not act as negative heroes. Their struggle with other creators of the World is not so much a conflict of two opposite principles, but rather the result of misunderstanding and rejection of Melkor’s non-standard decisions.
In fantasy, which was formed on the basis of fairy tales and legends, clear boundaries between Good and Evil are gradually blurring. Everything is relative: Good is again not so humane (as it was in ancient tradition), but Evil is far from black - rather, it is denigrated by enemies. The literature reflects the processes of rethinking previous values, the real embodiment of which is often far from ideal, and the tendency towards an ambiguous understanding of the multifaceted phenomena of existence. However, it should be remembered that in the worldview of every person, the categories of Good and Evil should still have a fairly clear structure. Moses, Christ and other great teachers said long ago about what is considered real Evil. Evil is the violation of the great commandments that should determine human behavior.
Human creative activity can be directed for good or evil, depending on the worldview and moral principles of each individual. What should I devote my life to? Creation or destruction - this is the classic question of being or not being human.
The end result of any creativity is a created object, a work of art, a product, i.e. then the last link in creative activity, which performs a function planned even before its creation to meet the needs of the customer, buyer or consumer. Even if you create something for yourself, the author and the consumer-customer merge into one person. The criterion for assessing creative activity is the purpose of the created object.
There is a special article in the patent legislation of countries around the world that prohibits even the consideration of applications for inventions that do not comply with the standards of morality and humanity. However, although no one patents, many inhumane developments are ordered and used - this is a paradox that has political roots, and politics is impersonal and immoral.
The reason for creating something may be partly humane, but the final purpose is the main criterion for the humanity of the work. For example, the author of the guillotine wanted to eliminate the suffering of people during execution, guaranteeing instant death without pain.
If you look into ancient times, when people first appeared, then everything that they created was aimed at survival in the animal world. The goal was noble and the tools created and weapons for defense were one and the same. A stone knife or axe, spear or arrow was used for killing and butchering animals. But a line arose when it was necessary to defend ourselves from our own kind - attacking neighboring tribes. Murder assumed legal status and was not punished, but encouraged, because the goal was the same - survival, but man became a predator, a beast, killing his own kind not for food, but for the sake of achieving political the goals of enslaving other tribes and seizing living space occupied by competitors. This is a milestone, the line that separated man from the animal world, which for millions of years lived according to the laws of nature, very fair and humane, where the strongest won, but without cruelty, malice and hatred. In the animal world, generosity and nobility are still preserved in fights for territory or for females. For example, if two leaders of a wolf pack enter into a duel for power over the pack, then, having given all their strength to achieve victory, the weaker one admits defeat by lying on his back and opening his neck. This is where the fight ends and the loser leaves the pack. No one is finishing off or bullying anyone. Predators never kill excessively, i.e. more than they can eat due to physiological natural needs. The principle of minimal necessity and sufficiency in the animal world is impeccably observed. The man became proud and denied him.
Only a person developed greed and cruelty, obviously as a developmental pathology, unexpected by-effect. Since then, specialized weapons have emerged for killing people by people, designed to fulfill ambitions, greed and cruelty leaders, who later became known as politicians. The era of wars without “rules of the game” began, the goal of which was the destruction of people and their places of residence. Entire cities were wiped off the face of the earth along with their cultural heritage, knowledge and skills. To increase the productivity of destruction, weapons of destruction, sophisticated methods and tools for killing people began to be created and improved. This process is still ongoing, the apogee of which was the creation and use of nuclear, chemical and bacteriological weapons, and “conventional” types of weapons have become very advanced and effective in use. Consequently, humanity has lost humanity, morality and humanity in constant wars among themselves. Political ambitions have become priorities in decision-making of national importance, and people have become expendable in achieving political goals through military means. The trade in arms and their use has become very profitable business. It is a fact. Who will challenge?
Against this background, let's look at the topic of creativity. It would seem that creativity is creation for the benefit and prosperity of humanity, but every type of activity has two sides of the coin. The law of unity and struggle of opposites is universal and manifests itself in everything material. Man is dual by nature and his activity is dual by the facts of the final results. The creativity of creation and destruction has common ground– novelty is created from thoughts and the mechanisms of creativity are united, and the technology for creating innovations in different areas activity is one. What are the differences, especially the opposites, in creativity?
Firstly, in the worldview of the creators, in their moral principles, principles, views, i.e. in the subjective factor.
Secondly, in the goals pursued and civic position.
Thirdly, in a sense of belonging to humanity and responsibility for the results of creative activity on a global scale.
Fourthly, in the “selfishness” of interests.
The opposite is that in creative activity aimed at creation, the material and spiritual values of humanity are multiplied and accumulated, which leads to prosperity and prosperity, strengthening and development of each person and humanity as a whole - everyone becomes richer. Culture is the world of created values. Wars eradicate culture.
In creative activity aimed at destruction and destruction, material and spiritual values are removed from the possession, use and disposal of each person and society as a whole - everyone becomes poorer, but a separate group of politicians and those in power become richer, because for them war is profitable business. They hire creators and pay them to create inhumane and immoral products, ordering research and development aimed at destroying life and culture.
In all states scientific discoveries and developments are censored and all achievements of scientific and technological progress are first assessed from the point of view of the possibility of being used in the sphere of the military-industrial complex for the production of weapons or at least for political blackmail of states and the public, and what is unsuitable for these purposes is allowed to be used for civilian use sphere of activity for so-called peaceful purposes. Hence the whole secrecy regime and a colossal diversion of the intellectual and material resources of humanity, which, in addition to the direct extermination of people in military conflicts, actually robs all of humanity, creating a shortage of resources for people’s lives. This is the main cause of mass poverty on earth.
As a result of competition, latest results research and development quickly become outdated and the loss of resources becomes irreparable, thrown away “to the wind.” The stupidity becomes obvious. Despite the understanding that the Earth's natural resources are exhaustible and irreplaceable, the insane arms race continues due to the fault of individual, powerful politicians, super-rich people who turn politics into business. To satisfy the ambitions of this handful of people, millions of creators, high professionals are hired quite deliberately to work at enterprises and institutions of the military-industrial complex in any country, because the most favorable conditions for creative activity are created there, which allows creators to realize themselves and have a means of livelihood. Creators are faced with a choice: to work for good, but at the same time be poor with a high moral level, or to work for evil, prospering materially, but degrading spiritually, because... drowning out the voice of conscience, spiritual development becomes impossible.
A person has free will and the right to choose who to be and what to do.
Human duality creates a paradox in creativity. It is impossible to create and destroy at the same time - you can go crazy trying to find a compromise. For example, Nobel invented dynamite for mining and excavation, but the military used it for destruction and murder. Here it is appropriate to give a harsh but convincing allegory: after the birth of a child, parents raise and raise him in order to kill him. However, absurd comedy is popular among modern politicians.
Good and evil in creativity is a philosophical and inexhaustible topic, but is the problem solvable in principle?
Homework and the topic of the essay for the module test:
Topic 1. “My understanding of creativity of creation and creativity of destruction.”
Topic 2. “Can politicians be creators?”
Topic 3. “Can there be destroyers in humanitarian creativity or is this phenomenon inherent only in technical creativity?”
Topic 4. “Is it possible to creatively kill or creatively destroy?”
Topic 5. “Can creativity be neutral, and the creator indifferent?”
Topic 6. “Can a creator be an executioner?”
Goodness and beauty are two concepts inextricably linked with each other. I think these two life principle- the basis of any worldview moral person. These concepts have been preached everywhere and at all times different people using them in their own way.
Goodness and beauty are the commandments of Christianity, the inviolable laws of all believers, this is the basis of the doctrine of the God-man that arose during the Renaissance, this is also the ideological foundation of totalitarian theories of the twentieth century, which, by the way, is contradictory in its formulation (goodness, beauty and totalitarianism are incompatible) . And, speaking about goodness and beauty, all the thoughts that seemed new and mine to me, I find already expressed in Russian literature.
Every adult would like goodness and beauty to become the main principles in the life of his child. Today, it seems impossible to imagine such education without the fairy tales of A. S. Pushkin. As in any Russian fairy tales, in “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, in “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights”, in “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel” and in many others the plot is not simple.
As a rule, it is based on the struggle between good and evil, light and darkness, spiritual beauty and moral ugliness. Of course, the handsome, kind, always wins. pure hero. Fairy tales end either with a noisy feast, the likes of which the world has never seen, or with the triumphant march of the fairy tale hero after a heated battle with evil and, of course, victory over it, or with a direct conclusion of morality about the triumph of goodness and beauty.
Pushkin's fairy tales are always accompanied by the amazing beauty of language, imagination and fabulous pictures. Here is one example of the triumph of goodness, beauty and Pushkin’s mastery, which is in harmony with the plan of Pushkin the thinker, Pushkin the educator. In “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights,” the poet writes:
Before him, in the sad darkness,
The crystal coffin is rocking,
And in the crystal coffin
The princess sleeps in eternal sleep.
And about the coffin of the dear bride
He hit with all his might.
The coffin broke. Virgo suddenly
Alive. Looks around
With amazed eyes
And, swinging over the chains,
Sighing, she said:
“How long have I been sleeping!”
And she rises from the grave...
Oh! .. and they both burst into tears.
He takes her in his hands
And brings light from darkness,
And, having a pleasant conversation,
They set off on the return journey.
And the rumor is already trumpeting:
The royal daughter is alive.
F. M. Dostoevsky also thinks about goodness and beauty. In his novel “Crime and Punishment,” the writer imparts the idea of goodness and beauty to the surprisingly pure and sophisticated image of Sonechka Marmeladova. She experienced all the hardships of life and found herself in dead-end situations.
Her father, a drunkard and a slacker, dies tragically on the streets of St. Petersburg - he
falls under the horse's hooves. Sonechka's consumptive stepmother does not love her stepdaughter. But for the sake of her stepsisters and brother, for the sake of Katerina Ivanovna, Sonechka sacrifices herself and becomes a prostitute. Thanks to the money earned in this way, the Marmeladov family survives in the cruel world of the “humiliated and insulted.”
It remains a mystery where such a fragile, defenseless creature comes from with enormous power based on a certain worldview. In the novel, Sonechka’s theory saves both her creator, her family, and the main character of the novel, Rodion Raskolnikov.
Christian ideas of goodness, love, faith and beauty are opposed to the inhuman bloody theory of ordinary and extraordinary people. Good collides with evil, and both in a fairy tale and in life, that is, in Dostoevsky’s novel, good defeats evil.
In L. Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace,” the idea of goodness and beauty is primarily associated with the “thought of family.” According to the author of the novel, happiness, that is, goodness, beauty and love, can only be found in family life life. The scenes of the novel in the Rostov house are memorable.
Secular brilliance is combined with genuine beauty family joy, serious conversations adults - with the running and laughter of noisy children. Love, goodness and beauty reign in the family... The idea of goodness and beauty is inextricably linked with female images in the novel. Tolstoy’s favorite heroines, Natasha Rostova and Princess Marya, are bright images family life.
The writer never recognized external beauty (on the contrary, this is the quality of his least favorite heroines, such as Helen Bezukhova). Tolstoy endowed both Natasha and Princess Marya with a special inner beauty souls. Again, the Christian principles of goodness and beauty were most valued by the author of the novel in his favorite female characters.
How harsh it sounds main topic novel, theme of war and peace, in the background family happiness! War, blood, violence destroy beautiful world, people dear and close to their hearts are taken away from it: Prince Andrei, Petya Rostov... But the war goes away, leaving, however, eternal traces, but peace remains. Peace conquers war, good defeats evil. It's like a fairytale …
The 20th century in Russia, with its new ideas about morality, the value of life, and personality, makes us think about goodness and beauty from a different perspective. In this age, the laws of fairy tales no longer apply...
In Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita,” the main characters, the Master and Margarita, images of goodness and beauty, have no place in life. The work created by the Master turns out to be of no use to anyone; its author ends up in a psychiatric hospital. Margarita is deeply unhappy in her family life, her only happiness is being taken away from her - the Master.
To revive love, for beauty and goodness, some kind of miracle is needed. And it appears in the images of Satan and his assistants. The Master and Margarita find each other again, they come to life. Margarita, blooming like a flower, regains its former beauty.
“The eyebrows, plucked at the edges into a thread with tweezers, thickened and lay in black arches above the green eyes. The thin vertical wrinkle that cut the bridge of the nose, which appeared in October when the Master disappeared, disappeared without a trace.
The yellow shadows at the temples and the two barely noticeable dimples at the outer corners of the eyes also disappeared. The skin of the cheeks became even pink, the forehead became white and clean, and the hairdresser's perm developed. A naturally curly, black-haired woman of about twenty was looking at thirty-year-old Margarita from the mirror, laughing uncontrollably, baring her teeth...”
The collision of goodness and beauty with the new century is very clearly visible in E. Zamyatin’s story “We”. Wild natural beauty is contrasted with the iron of machines, human relationships and goodness are contrasted with mathematically precise, infallible reason. This leads to inevitable struggle.
Zamyatin, with his story, proclaims the idea that natural moral principles a person (such as love, freedom, goodness and beauty) cannot be taken away from him.
A person will always fight for them, because without these foundations life itself is unthinkable. The idea of beauty and goodness comes in connection with the theme of nationalism, new topic, brought by the twentieth century.
In his story “The Golden Cloud Spent the Night,” Anatoly Pristavkin talks about two boys who came from orphanage, - Kuzmin brothers. They were not related by blood, but became brothers by fate, by friendship. The Russians killed all the men in the family of one of them, a Chechen, and the Chechens took away the brother of another. (It’s amazing how tragically relevant this story has become.)
But, even without looking at the nationalistic nonsense, saving each other’s lives more than once, they preserved the most precious thing they had - the touching kindness and beauty of their relationship.
Thus, thinking about goodness and beauty, you come to the conclusion that without these two most important values, life is impossible. Unnoticed by the pettiness of life, goodness and beauty have been and remain the foundations of the soul of any moral person.
Good and evil is the most popular topic chosen by students during the final exam. To write such an essay for the maximum score, you need high-quality and outstanding arguments from the literature. In this collection we have given just such examples from different sources: M. A. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”, F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” and Russian folklore. There are 4 arguments under each heading.
- People perceive good and evil differently. It often happens that one thing replaces the other, but the appearance remains, which a person takes for granted: he attributes to virtue evil intent, and takes outright evil for good. For example, Mikhail Bulgakov in his novel “The Master and Margarita” describes the life and customs of Soviet writers and critics. Writers from MOSSOLITH write only what the authorities want. In a conversation with Ivan Bezdomny, Berlioz directly points out that in his poem it is necessary to clearly define the atheistic position, which is part of the ideology of the USSR. It doesn’t matter to him what the artist of words wants to say, he is only concerned with how a superior person will evaluate the book. Such slavish involvement in the political process only harms art. The true genius of the Master was hounded by critics, and the mediocrities in the role of creators only sat in the restaurant and ate up people's money. This is an obvious evil, but society, represented by the same writers and critics, saw this as a good thing, and only a few honest people like Margarita and the Master saw that this system was vicious. Thus, people often make mistakes and mistake evil for good and vice versa.
- The great danger of evil lies in the fact that it often disguises itself as good. An example is the situation described by M. A. Bulgakov in the novel “The Master and Margarita”. Pontius Pilate believed that he was serving good by sentencing Yeshua to death. He feared that because of his conflict with the local elite over deciding who should be pardoned in honor of the holiday, a mob riot would break out against the Roman soldiers and much blood would be shed. With a small sacrifice, the procurator hoped to prevent major upheavals. But his calculation was immoral and selfish, because Pilate, first of all, feared not for the city entrusted to him, which he hated with all his soul, but for his position in it. Yeshua suffered martyrdom because of the cowardice of his judge. Thus, the hero mistook an evil act for a good and wise decision, and was punished for it.
- The theme of good and evil greatly worried M. A. Bulgakov. In his novel “The Master and Margarita” he interpreted these concepts in his own way. So, Woland, the embodiment of evil and the king of shadows, committed truly good deeds. For example, he helped Margarita return the Master, despite the fact that she had already used her wish by helping Frida. He also gave them the opportunity to live in eternal peace and finally find harmony in life together. Unlike representatives of the forces of light, Woland tried to find a suitable solution for the couple, without condemning them as harshly as Matvey Levi. Probably, the author was inspired to create his image by Goethe’s character, Mephistopheles, who strived for evil, but did good. The Russian writer showed this paradox using the example of his heroes. Thus, he proved that the concepts of good and evil are subjective, their essence depends on what the person evaluating them comes from.
- A person spends his whole life forming and expanding his ideas about good and evil. Often he turns off the right path and makes mistakes, but still it is never too late to reconsider your views and take the right side. For example, in M. A. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita,” Ivan Bezdomny served party interests all his life: he wrote bad poems, put propaganda into them and convinced readers that everything was fine in the Soviet Union, and the only problem was those who were jealous general happiness. He blatantly lied, like most of his colleagues. In the USSR the consequences of the devastation after civil war. For example, M.A. Bulgakov subtly ridicules the absurdity of what is happening, citing as an example Likhodeev’s speeches, where he boasts that he orders “pike perch a la naturel” in a restaurant. He believes that this gourmet dish– the height of luxury, which cannot be prepared in an ordinary kitchen. But the irony is that pike perch is a cheap fish, and the prefix “a la naturel” means that it will be served in its natural form, even without any original decoration or recipe. Under the tsar, every peasant could afford this fish. And this wretched new reality, where pike perch has become a delicacy, is defended and extolled by the poet. And only after meeting the Master, he realizes how wrong he was. Ivan admits his mediocrity, stops being rude and writing bad poetry. Now he is not attracted to serving the state, which fools its population and brazenly deceives them. Thus, he abandoned the generally accepted false good and began to profess faith in the true good.
- The struggle between good and evil is depicted by F. M. Dostoevsky in the novel “Crime and Punishment.” Main character is very kind person. This fact is convincingly proven by his dream, where he, as a little boy, pities a beaten horse to tears. His actions also speak of the exclusivity of his character: he leaves his last money to the Marmeladov family, seeing their grief. But there is also a dark side to Rodion: he longs to prove to himself that he has the right to decide the fate of the world. To do this, Raskolnikov decides to kill, evil has prevailed over him. However, gradually the hero comes to the idea that he needs to repent of his sin. He was directed to take this step by Sonya Marmeladova, who managed to strengthen Rodion’s protesting conscience. He confessed to the evil he had done, and already in hard labor his moral rebirth began for goodness, justice and love.
- The confrontation between good and evil was depicted by F. M. Dostoevsky in his novel “Crime and Punishment.” We see a hero who lost in this fight. This is Mr. Marmeladov, whom we meet in the tavern, his habitat. Before us appeared an alcohol-dependent middle-aged man who had driven his family into poverty. And once he did a very kind and merciful act, marrying a poor widow with children. Then the hero worked and could support them, but then something in his soul broke, and he started drinking. Left without service, he began to lean even harder on alcohol, which brought his household to the threshold of physical death. Because of this, his own daughter began to earn money through prostitution. But this fact did not stop the father of the family: he continued to drink away these rubles obtained with shame and disgrace. Evil, clothed in vice, finally captured Marmeladov; he could no longer fight it due to lack of willpower.
- It happens that even in the midst of absolute evil, sprouts of good sprout. An example was described by F. M. Dostoevsky in the novel Crime and Punishment. The heroine, trying to feed her family, began working as a prostitute. In the midst of vice and sin, Sonya inevitably had to become cynical and dirty corrupt woman. But the persistent girl did not lose faith in God and retained purity in her soul. The external dirt did not touch her. Seeing human tragedies, she sacrificed herself to help people. It was very difficult for her to live, but Sonya overcame the pain and was able to get rid of the vicious craft. She sincerely fell in love with Raskolnikov and followed him to hard labor, where she gave her responsiveness to all the needy and oppressed inhabitants of prisons. Her virtue overpowered the malice of the whole world.
- The battle between good and evil occurs everywhere, not only in human soul. For example, F. M. Dostoevsky in “Crime and Punishment” described how good and evil people collide in life. Oddly enough, most often those who bring good, not harm, win, because we all subconsciously gravitate toward good things. In the book, Dunya Raskolnikova defeats Svidrigailov with her will, escaping from him and not succumbing to his humiliating persuasion. Her Inner Light Even Luzhin with his reasonable egoism cannot be extinguished. The girl realizes in time that this marriage is a shameful deal in which she is just a discounted product. But she finds a kindred spirit and life partner in Razumikhin, her brother’s friend. This young man also defeated the evil and vice of the world around him, taking the right path. He earned money honestly and helped his neighbors without taking credit for it. Remaining true to their beliefs, the heroes were able to overcome temptations, trials and temptations in order to bring good to the people around them.
- Russian folklore is rich in examples of the struggle between good and evil. For example, in the fairy tale “Little Khavroshechka” the heroine was a modest and kind girl. She became an orphan early and was taken in by strangers. But her patrons were distinguished by malice, laziness and envy, so they always tried to give her impossible tasks. Unhappy Khavroshechka only meekly listened to the abuse and got to work. All her days were filled with honest work, but this did not stop her tormentors from beating and starving the heroine. And yet Khavroshechka did not harbor anger towards them, she forgave cruelty and insults. That is why mystical powers helped her fulfill all the housewives' wishes. The girl's kindness was generously rewarded by fate. The master saw her hard work, beauty and modesty, appreciated them and married her. The moral is simple: good always triumphs over evil.
- The victory of good over evil is often found in fairy tales, because people want to teach their children the main thing - the ability to do good deeds. For example, in the fairy tale “Morozko” main character She worked honestly and zealously around the house, did not contradict her elders and was not capricious, but her stepmother still disliked her. Every day she tried to bring her stepdaughter to complete exhaustion. One day she got angry and sent her husband into the forest with a demand: to abandon her own daughter there. The man obeyed and left the girl to certain death in the winter thicket. However, she was lucky enough to meet Morozko in the forest, who was immediately captivated by the kind and modest disposition of her interlocutor. Then he rewarded her with valuable gifts. But her angry and rude stepsister who came to him demanding a reward, he punished for her insolence and left her with nothing.
- In the fairy tale "Baba Yaga" good clearly defeats evil. The heroine was disliked by her stepmother and sent her to the forest to Baba Yaga while her father was away. The girl was kind and obedient, so she fulfilled the order. Before that, she went to her aunt and received life lesson: you need to treat everyone humanely, and then even the evil witch is not scary. The heroine did just that when she realized that Baba Yaga intended to eat her. She fed her cat and dogs, greased the gates and tied up the birch tree on her way so that they would let her through and teach her how to escape from their mistress. Thanks to kindness and affection, the heroine was able to return home and get her father to kick her evil stepmother out of the house.
- In the fairy tale “The Magic Ring,” rescued animals helped their owner in Hard time. One day he spent his last money to save them from certain death. And so he himself found himself in a difficult situation. Having found the magic ring, the hero married the princess, because he fulfilled her father’s condition - he built a palace, a cathedral and a crystal bridge in one day with the help of magical powers. But the wife turned out to be cunning and angry woman. Having learned the secret, she stole the ring and destroyed everything that Martin had built. Then the king locked him in prison and doomed him to starvation. The cat and the dog decided to pull out the owner after finding the ring. Then Martin returned his position, his buildings
Crime and Punishment
Folk tales
If the list does not contain arguments from the work that you need, write to us in the comments what to add!
Interesting? Save it on your wall!