The cult of the body received exceptional development in ancient times. On the topic: “the cult of the body in ancient Greece. Rules, conditions, traditions of the Olympic Games in ancient times

Saturday, 11 Oct. 2014

How the idea of ​​the progress of consciousness and the development of human spiritual qualities was replaced by the idea of ​​technological progress, which occurs against the backdrop of rapid moral decay.

  • Continuing the topic: The bitter truth and the illusion of happiness in modern society

We live in Kali Yuga, when humanity is rapidly degrading, thinking that it is progressing. The idea of ​​the progress of consciousness and the development of spiritual qualities has been replaced by the idea of ​​technical progress, which occurs against the backdrop of rapid moral decay.

The internal degradation of man, combined with technological development, puts humanity in a very dangerous situation, when weapons and technology end up in the hands of immoral people. Therefore, we constantly observe man-made disasters, environmental destruction, and constant armed conflicts. Added to this is the widespread addiction to the use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs, which lower a person’s consciousness to the level of an animal.

In this ignorant state of consciousness, people commit many stupidities and mistakes, a lot of violence, which then returns to their lives with many problems. These processes have now acquired a global scale and therefore our era can be called a time of global change.

Body culture - maintaining a healthy body, a beautiful physique, the ability to control the body. The beauty of appearance is largely determined by the beauty of the physique: proportions, constitution, weight. In different eras, at different times, the concept of an ideal physique was different. But the proportionality of individual parts of the body and healthy skin have always been valued.

Body type is inherited. A significant role in its formation is also played by the external environment (for example, climatic conditions) and factors such as profession, the specifics of the sport chosen for practice (if it is practiced), lifestyle features, and behavior. They can have a particularly noticeable effect on a growing organism.

According to anthropologists, a person should not make himself a slave to heredity, but, on the contrary, should look for ways to free himself from its chains. Forming a beautiful body and taking care of its preservation is the need of any cultured person.

Due to the lack of body culture, a person is constrained, shy, and indecisive. Finding himself in an unusual environment, say, in a hall - for a reception, for a dance, he does not dare cross it, he presses against the wall. This happens because he does not know how to control his body; it does not obey him.

Diet and special exercises will help polish your figure. Everyone must choose their own means, their own techniques that most contribute to the formation of a beautiful physique. For many women, this may be regulation of weight, body fat (reducing the percentage of fat) - Correction of physique, special exercises. For men, this could be bodybuilding or other physical exercise. For young people - overcoming stiffness of the body (often boys and girls demonstrate awkwardness, do not know where to put their hands, do not know how to “carry” the body - and this is typical not only for louts).

Sports, dancing, gymnastics, choreography, physical exercise, diet, hygiene contribute to the development of body plasticity and allow it to be improved according to the laws of beauty.

The internal state of a person also plays a big role. They also need to learn to manage.

1. The cult of body and spirit in the leisure time of the inhabitants of Ancient Greece

1. Myth as the basis of human leisure life in Ancient Greece

In the development of Greek culture of the 3rd-1st half of the 1st millennium BC. e. include the period of ancient civilizations (III-II millennium BC), the Homeric period (XI-IX centuries BC) and the archaic period (VIII-VI centuries BC)

In addition to myths about the gods and the beginning of the world, the Greeks had very widespread all kinds of myths about heroes, and the most popular ones were combined into cycles, for example, about the Trojan War, about the exploits of Hercules, Perseus and many other heroes.

- cult of body and spirit

Ancient humanism glorifies only the cult of the body - the physical perfection of man, but the subjectivity of the individual, its spiritual capabilities have not yet been revealed. The standard of harmony was the physical development of a person. Even the Greek gods are, first of all, eternal perfect bodies. From this follows the proportionality of the proportions of Greek architecture and the flourishing of sculpture. An indicative expression of the physicality of ancient humanism was the exceptional position of physical culture in the system of public education.

However, in ancient society the biosocial nature of man was recognized, enshrined in Aristotle’s formula: “Man is a social animal.” The body was conceptualized as an aesthetic symbol of the Greek city-state, the “polis.” The ancient Greeks tried to cultivate in themselves, through the body and thanks to it, correspondingly harmonious spiritual qualities, seeing in it the presence of feeling and mind in their mutual unity and contradiction, but the weak development of individuality did not allow Greek culture to reflect the heights of manifestation of human emotionality and spirit.

Exalting the body, in general, ancient art and culture, as in the East, resolved the contradiction between the personal and the public in favor of the latter. A person was considered useful to society only thanks to his civic virtues. The contradictions between object and subject as aspects of the human personality can be called the main nerve of ancient culture. If in relationships with society the individual found some way out, then in relation to fate both the individual and society were only objects, blind instruments of Fate.

The idea of ​​the inexorability of Fate is closely connected with ancient slavery, for in the ancient world free people thought of themselves as slaves of the general world order. Single breakthroughs of the human spirit in ancient culture did not become the paradigm of the ancient worldview and did not express its essence.

- entertainment industry

The ancient Greeks lacked both the word “boredom” and descriptions of the corresponding symptoms.

A lot of time was spent in gymnasiums and palestras, where they did physical training. In addition, the sophists and Socrates held conversations in the gymnasiums, and political and philosophical disputes arose. A special place of communication was the market, where they exchanged news while making purchases. Quite often, symposiums were held - friendly feasts at which they sang songs, sometimes competed in eloquence, poetry, and conducted philosophical debates. Only men took part in the symposiums, but flutists, other musicians, and hetaeras were often invited to entertain the feasters. (Hetaera (from the Greek hetaira - friend, mistress) - in Ancient Greece, an educated unmarried woman leading a free, independent lifestyle.)

2.Theater as the basis for the spiritual education of citizens, leisure and entertainment

In the VII-VI centuries. BC e. Greek theater was born, which grew out of round dances, songs, and prayers performed at religious holidays in honor of Dionysus. The development of dramatic performances is associated with the separation of a character from the chorus - an actor.

The art of the archaic period is characterized by the search for a form that expresses the aesthetic ideal of a citizen of the polis who is beautiful in body and spirit.

The creator of classical Greek tragedy is Aeschylus (525-456 BC). He revived the drama by introducing a second actor into it, made the theatrical action more dynamic and interesting, in addition, the use of scenery and masks is associated with his name. One of the main motives of Aeschylus’s work is the glorification of civic virtues and patriotism; the tragedy “Prometheus Bound” is especially characteristic in this regard. Another important theme of Aeschylus is the idea of ​​retribution and the factor of fate, best expressed in the Oresteia trilogy.

The theme of inevitable fate also occupies a large place in the work of another famous Greek tragedian - Sophocles (c.496-406 BC). Showing the struggle of free human will against the injustice of blind fate, Sophocles emphasizes the powerlessness of man and the inevitability of the fate prepared for him. The most famous are Sophocles' tragedies about the legendary King Oedipus. Sophocles is credited with the words: “I depict people as they should be, and Euripides depicts them as they are.”

The creator of psychological drama was Euripides (485/484 or 480-406 BC). The main conflict in his works is the struggle between reason and passions, which, just as inevitably as fate, lead a person to death. Among the tragedies of Euripides, “Medea” and “Phaedra” especially stand out.

Aristophanes (c. 445 - c. 386) was an excellent comedian, who gave comedy political urgency and topicality. His works (the comedies “The World”, “The Riders”, “Lysistrata”, etc.) reflected the political views of the Attic peasantry. Aristophanes was an ardent supporter of democracy, an adherent of traditional polis ideals, so his comedies often ridiculed the Sophists and Socrates as supporters of individualism, contrary to collectivist morality.

The whole life of Athenian citizens in the 5th century. BC e. was connected with collective interests and took place in constant communication. The majority of citizens - men - took part in the work of the national assembly, government bodies,

4.Olympic games as the unity of spirit and sports potential of a person

An important factor in the cultural development of Greece were games held in honor of certain gods. The most significant of them were: the Olympic Games - sports competitions dedicated to Zeus, held every four years in Olympia, starting in 776 BC. e.; Pythian Games - sports and musical competitions in honor of Apollo in Delphi (every four years); Isthmian - in honor of Poseidon, held near Corinth every two years.

In games in honor of the gods, one of the most important elements of ancient Greek culture is manifested - agonism. (Agnostic (Greek agon - struggle) - the desire for success in sports, music, poetry, etc.)

The desire for confrontation and competition, organically inherent in the worldview of the ancient Greeks, permeates almost all areas of their activity. It is characteristic that in the education system of the archaic era the main thing is to surpass the rest, to become the best. An educated person had to own all types of weapons, play the lyre, sing, dance, participate in sports and gaming competitions, etc.

The Olympic Games (Greek: τὰὈλύμπια) are the greatest of the Hellenic national festivals.

They took place in Olympia in the Peloponnese and, according to the most ancient legend, arose during the time of Kronos, in honor of the Idean Hercules. According to this legend, Rhea handed over the newborn Zeus to the Idean Dactyls (Curetes). Five of them came from the Cretan Ida to Olympia, where a temple in honor of Kronos had already been erected. Hercules, the eldest of the brothers, defeated everyone in the race and was awarded a wreath made of wild olive for his victory. At the same time, Hercules established competitions that were to take place after 5 years, according to the number of Idean brothers who arrived in Olympia.

There were also other legends about the emergence of the national holiday, which were timed to coincide with one mythical era or another. There is no doubt, in any case, that Olympia was an ancient sanctuary, long known in the Peloponnese. Homer's Iliad mentions quadriga races (chariots with four horses) organized by the inhabitants of Elis (the region in the Peloponnese where Olympia was located), and to which quadrigas were sent from other places in the Peloponnese (Iliad, 11.680).

The first historical fact associated with the Olympic Games is their resumption by the king of Elis, Iphitus, and the legislator of Sparta, Lycurgus, whose names were inscribed on a disk kept in Gereon (in Olympia) back in the time of Pausanias. From that time (according to some sources, the year of the resumption of the games was 884 BC, according to others - 828 BC), the interval between two successive celebrations of the games was four years or an Olympiad; but as a chronological era in the history of Greece, the countdown from 776 BC was accepted. e. (see article “Olympics (chronology)”).

Resuming the Olympic Games, Iphitus established a sacred truce (Greek: έκεχειρία) during their celebration, which was declared by special heralds (Greek: σπονδοφόροι) first in Elis, then in the rest of Greece; the month of the truce was called ίερομηνία. At this time it was impossible to wage war not only in Elis, but also in other parts of Hellas. Using the same motive of the sanctity of the place, the Eleans obtained agreement from the Peloponnesian states to consider Elis a country against which war could not be waged. Subsequently, however, the Eleans themselves attacked neighboring regions more than once.

Only purebred Hellenes who had not undergone athymia could participate in the festive competitions; the barbarians could only be spectators. An exception was made in favor of the Romans, who, as masters of the land, could change religious customs at will. Women, except the priestess Demeter, also did not enjoy the right to watch the games. The number of spectators and performers was very large; many people used this time to make trade and other transactions, and poets and artists to introduce their works to the public. From different states of Greece, special deputies (Greek: θεωροί) were sent to the holiday, who competed with each other in the abundance of offerings to maintain the honor of their city.

Nevertheless, women could become Olympic champions in absentia - simply by sending their chariot. For example, the first Olympic champion was Kiniska, the sister of the Spartan king Agesilaus.

The modern world is a world of trade, commodity-money relations. And, as everyone knows today, the engine of trade is advertising. Advertising takes up a large amount of time on any television program on any television channel and has already set everyone’s teeth on edge. When a movie is interrupted by commercials, the viewer usually goes to the kitchen to get something to eat or switches the TV to another channel to get rid of that annoying fly. I did something completely different and tried to look closely at the advertising, although, I admit, it was not easy, because I, like practically the overwhelming majority of the population of our country, cannot stand this creation of modern television. In principle, I didn’t discover anything new for myself, I just found confirmation of my guesses about my current life.

Advertising is like symptoms of a disease, by which you can determine what and where the patient’s pain is. Only in this case can it be used to determine - with a degree of probability, of course - some illnesses of the souls of modern people. This is done quite simply: we look at what the commercials are based on and draw a conclusion. So what are they dedicated to? The answer may surprise many for the reason that, as a rule, a person does not think deeply about it. This is the body. Yes, yes, exactly the human body. All commercials speak exclusively about one thing - about the comfort of human life, about how life body to make people on this earth even more problem-free and comfortable. But, you ask me, is it a sin to live in more or less comfortable conditions? No, I will answer you, unless a person, in his desire for comfort, does not overstep the bounds of reason, unless his body becomes more important to him than his soul and, accordingly, concern for the conditions of existence of the body does not become much more important - if not the most important thing - than the conditions the existence of his own soul. But when I watched the sparkling and bright TV advertising, I got the consistent impression that this line had long been crossed irrevocably. You can ask the question: why is it irrevocable? Yes, because the level of comfort has increased so much that it is unlikely O Most people will be able to refuse it. Comfort grows from the main thing - from the cult of the human body. And it is this factor that is the main driver of comfort itself.

We can notice amazing trends: the more this world becomes godless, the less it pays attention to Christian values, the more concern for the body grows. This comes from a person's loss of connection with God. Breaking away from Him as the source of love, a person begins to lose understanding of true love, which lies in serving one’s neighbor. His love begins to deform, becomes selfish, turns him on himself. From here the fear of illness begins to be born and - as its culmination - the fear of death. That’s why there are so many advertisements talking about youth and that “at fifty I look thirty.” (By the way, I always wanted to ask: why do you need to look thirty? To attract the attention of young men?) Hence such a strong worry about dandruff, brittle hair, caries, menstrual cycles, the smell of sweat, male strength, and a slim figure. The most interesting thing is that advertising does not lie in this emotional component. Maybe he embellishes—quite a lot at times—but he doesn’t lie. For people, all this has become really important, very significant in life.

God gave everything rationally to man: his own care for the body, his own for the soul. In principle, the commandment about the seventh day says the same thing. But by crossing this commandment, man also crossed the line separating what is reasonable and what kills. Exactly, killing. Because excessive, one might even say manic, care for the body begins to kill the soul. It imperceptibly deforms a person’s personality, and the words of Scripture begin to come true on him: “And they all became flesh.” Let me remind you that these words were spoken shortly before the global flood. Hence the sexually lustful bias in modern advertising, when, for example, a half-naked girl advertises... drinking water. I think that everything will continue to flow in the same direction, more and more introducing an element of aggressive eroticism into commercials.

Most of all, it seems to me, it is women who suffer from advertising. Because the advertisement is designed for the average viewer, who, as you know, is a middle-aged woman. And, as you know, a woman is a more impressionable and emotional creature, and therefore more dependent on the social background formed, including by advertising. And if this background says that a woman must certainly be slim, wear makeup and, God forbid, have brittle hair, and at the same time she must look younger than her age, then incredible efforts begin to be made to achieve this. And they are often applied even contrary to any common sense, causing considerable harm to the health of the woman herself. Certain behavioral stereotypes are also formed, but this is not the topic of our small discussions today.

The conclusion from all these arguments is quite simple: my friends, do not believe the advertising! The body is only a part of a person, it is not the person himself. By enriching our body, we, even unnoticed by ourselves, can impoverish our soul, lose it for eternity. No matter how much you take care of the body, it will in any case only become food for worms. These worms will be completely indifferent to our build, our appearance, and our dandruff. Of course, this does not mean at all that we should not care about the body. It's just very important not to cross the line.

Modern fashion, which exposes women, is leading European civilization to extinction. Even in their own territories, they are increasingly being replaced by other ethnic groups, in whose everyday life there are prohibitions on even partial exposure of the female body.

The place of Europeans on earth is being replaced by peoples who preserve the chastity and secrecy of their women, and thereby also protect their men...

Fashionable emphasizing of female charms, provoking sexual lust in men, can be considered as creating “sexual stress”. Because of it, a complex intra-organismal complex of “sexual rejection” is activated, ending in impotence and cancer. The famous doctor, academician Leonid Aleksandrovich Kitaev-Smyk writes about this in his fundamental monograph “Psychology of Stress. Psychological anthropology of stress" (M., 2009).

For clarity and understanding of the physiology of this process, the scientist gives an example from the life of animals. A female in the animal world instinctively searches for the best male, more capable of reproducing viable offspring - and at the same time rejects the worst males. But their lust still remains; it is unsatisfied and suppressed. The content of androgens in their blood remains moderately elevated, that is, oncologically dangerous. In a male regularly rejected by a female, the average level of androgens contributes to the development of benign prostate adenoma; in most cases this leads to sexual impotence. Thanks to this, the “not the best” male will not even accidentally be able to leave “not the best” offspring. This mechanism eliminates weak, “not the best” males in the population. In addition, in some of them, prostate adenoma degenerates into fatal cancer.

Science is now accumulating evidence that similar processes occur in humans. There may be an explanation here for why the rich and developed nations of the West are dying out today.
Over the past decades, adenoma and prostate cancer, like an epidemic, have affected men in countries with European civilization. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, 40% of men have an adenoma. Half of European men over forty have it. American pathologists have identified prostate cancer in 80% of men who died over sixty years of age. In other words, many of them did not live to see the tragic manifestations of this disease. At the same time, in Muslim countries there is no such increase in male cancer. Why? After all, it would seem that Western countries have more developed medicine and a generally higher standard of living.

In countries where the “consumer society” dominates, in recent decades, fashionable clothing has become the norm, emphasizing and exposing female charms, in scientific terms - secondary sexual characteristics. Bare female bellies and navels have become an obsessive everyday occurrence, as a symbol of what is below, temptingly irritating tight rounded forms and increasingly open cleavages...

From a physiological point of view, all of these are sexual signals that awaken lust in men. A woman's sexy butt and thighs signal her ability to bear a man's conceived fetus. Covered, especially alluringly half-open breasts indicate the ability to feed a newborn. Navels - about supposedly possible intercourse.

Any arousal should lead to intercourse - this is the mechanism laid down by nature. Eros between a man and a woman is an instrument for the reproduction of the race; it is beneficial and useful to the body in all its manifestations. We are well aware of the surprisingly beneficial effects of normal erotic communication and successfully completed sexual acts. Therefore, in particular, traditional religions encourage marriage and marital relations.

If arousal is provoked frequently and to no avail, it ceases to be conscious, sinking and being repressed into the subconscious. Men seem to get used to the frequent contemplation of women’s charms on the streets, in offices, in public transport, and even stop noticing their erotic lust. However, the sexual arousal of men, immersed in the subconscious, continues to splash androgens into the blood, but no longer in an oncologically safe amount, but with a carcinogenic dosage - the evolutionary mechanisms of “culling male losers” are activated.

On average, a city resident sees such “signals” 100-200 times a day. As a result, an often excited but unsatisfied man receives a powerful carcinogenic, destructive attack from within his body, which leads to an oncological outcome.

“Many women of the 21st century are literally digging the grave of men’s health with their bare legs and deep necklines. Each beauty, going on a date in a top, makes just one lucky, and ten along the way - disabled. Strippers can generally be called “weapons of mass destruction”, which have already turned Western civilization into a society of sick men,” says L.A. Kitaev-Smyk in his interview with the Assalam newspaper.

In addition, by wearing clothes that leave the stomach or back uncovered, a woman causes great harm to herself. This method of attracting attention to satisfy the need to be attractive in the eyes of other people threatens the female body not only with hypothermia (hypothermia is possible already at a temperature of 12-15 degrees, and this is a sure path to infertility, cystitis, kidney inflammation and other problems), but also with energy-informational pollution , which in most cases is the true cause of many female diseases. Catching various, not always kind, glances with bare parts of the body, young and not so young beauties risk violating the integrity of their energy field in this place. And all the energy debris, which on the physical plane can lead to diseases of varying severity, will flow into the resulting hole, like a black hole. You should always remember this when trying on another short top or T-shirt in front of the mirror.

I would like to note that cancer due to “sexual stress” in women is of a different nature than in men. The main cause of female oncology (benign and malignant neoplasms of the mammary glands, uterus, ovaries) at the physical level is the lack of childbearing and infant feeding in the presence of sexual intercourse (sexual acts). A woman’s complex intraorganismal structures “perceive” the absence of childbirth and breastfeeding as signals about her “unsuitability” for reproduction. Allegedly, she is unnecessary ballast in the family, ethnic group, uselessly distracting the sexual potential of men. Such a woman experiences “sexual stress.” The mechanisms of population selection formed by biological evolution “cull” women who are not fertile, but who are sexually “expendable” men.

Stressful signs of sexual collapse in men are “beer bellies”, in women - a lack of waist. This exacerbates the unerotic nature of the figure. Medical statistics have established a direct relationship between the likelihood of myocardial infarction and excess waist size. So, apparently, the subject’s non-participation in the sexual reproduction of his clan, ethnic group, increasingly reduces his erotic attractiveness and then “completely excludes” him from the clan. These are the mechanisms of natural selection in the human population.
Peoples and ethnic groups that cultivated nudity and eroticism (the ancient Greeks, Romans, etc.) disappeared and were replaced by other peoples who retained only the names and partially the language of the extinct. Today, archaic customs with naked bodies are preserved by the aborigines of equatorial countries. But their life expectancy is short and there is no reliable information about the occurrence of male oncology in them. Sexual promiscuity and the cult of the naked body, which captured the ancient Greeks and Romans, may have become one of the reasons for their degeneration. Today these societies have been erased from the map of history. Moreover, they were erased not so much by military actions as destroyed from the inside. What the Bible and Koran say about the inhabitants of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah is one of many examples. They took the path of self-destruction, violating the laws of nature and breaking its natural mechanisms. By the way, “sodomism”, homosexuality, is the ultimate expression of that hedonism, the dominance of sensuality, to which nakedness leads.

But there are still people alive who observe the traditional values ​​of their ancestors. First of all, these are Muslim ethnic groups, but the ancestors of modern Slavs were also such in their time. All Russian nationalities back in the 19th century. women's clothing covered the body with spacious, long-length dresses, sundresses, etc. These clothes are bright, festive, multi-colored (often with an abundance of red). Decorating women, she attracted men to them, but without erotic appeals, never hugging the figure and in no way emphasizing the breasts. Let's remember the old Russian expression “to goof up” - that is, to accidentally throw off a scarf, to expose one’s hair, which means “to make a mistake, to do something stupid that needs to be corrected urgently.” Let's pay attention to ancient Russian frescoes, icons and manuscripts, portraits of ladies of the last century, images of peasant women - we will see a culture of chastely beautiful women's clothing. All peoples adhering to religious traditions had a similar culture of clothing. By preserving the chastity and privacy of its women, society thereby protected the health of its men.

Today we need to return fashion a little back to traditional forms in order to restore the optimal balance of beauty and health, a correct understanding of the purpose of clothing - and then everything will be fine, says the scientist.