How to help a loved one who has lost their sight? Life after an eye injury

This article will talk about psychosomatic reasons poor vision, and some recommendations will be given to change the ways of thinking that caused the deterioration of vision.

Our eyes are not just one of the senses, they are completely responsible for our perception and vision of things both around us and in ourselves. Eyes - represent the ability to clearly see the past, present and future. If vision is impaired, the perception of reality and oneself as they are is impaired. Visual impairment is a reluctance to see or notice certain things around you (myopia) or in yourself (farsightedness), as well as in life in general. Psychosomatic causes of poor vision

Aggressive emotions such as hatred, anger, anger accumulate in the soul, and they create problems with the eyes, because the eyes are the mirror of the soul. Such people are prevented from seeing the good by their pride and stubbornness. They do not understand that they see bad things in their world only because they look at the world through the prism of their aggressive emotions. There is only one way out - to clear your perception of negative thinking, patterns and prejudices, then the world will become a better place. Create a world for yourself that you would enjoy looking at.

The eyes are the place where sadness is released. Vision problems occur when sadness is not fully expressed. Therefore, the eyes get sick both in those who cry constantly and in those who never cry. When people reproach their eyes because they see only one unpleasant thing, the foundation of eye disease is laid.

Poor vision is a direct consequence of a suppressed desire not to see something and (or) someone. Deterioration of vision is a signal (metaphor, message) that the need and need not to see something or someone has become unbearable, and there is no way to satisfy it (i.e., to avoid a harmful stimulus).

By losing his sight, a person receives a “secondary benefit” for this, that is, he gains the opportunity not to see closely what he does not want to see, and over time this develops into the benefit of not doing something (for example, doing small work with farsightedness). He cannot (or rather does not allow himself) to manage his life in such a way that the stimulus disappears from his field of vision, so by weakening his vision he facilitates the psychological experience (compensation occurs).

Forced to see what he does not want to see, a person creates a contradiction between parts of his experience (good vision on the one hand and “bad” psychological vision on the other) - and his good eyesight equates to “poor psychological vision” (synchronization).

And, finally, it is obvious that a person thereby generates in his mind rigid programs of “bad” visual experience (it manifests itself in the words: “I don’t want to see you”, “get out of my sight”, “my eyes would not see you” , “and don’t show yourself to me”, “seeing you is sickening”, “it hurts to look at all this” and so on and so forth).

It is no coincidence that, according to statistics, young people’s vision deteriorates, as a rule, with a minus sign (myopia or myopia), and in older people – with a plus sign (farsightedness). Older people have a lot of past, and in the past there is a lot of pain, disappointments, mistakes and everything that you really don’t want to see in yourself. And for young people it is fear of “prospects”, fear of the future.

Another reason for visual impairment is related to the establishment of a forced physical boundary at viewing distance. Such boundaries are the walls of houses, fences, books, monitor and TV screens, etc. (there are even studies confirming that the more densely populated a city is and the less space there is (a house literally stands on top of a house), the statistically worse vision its inhabitants).

There is always an obstacle in front of your eyes on which you focus your gaze. The eyes, encountering constant obstacles, are trained to see only up to a certain distance ( ordinary person, when waking up, he does not see further than the walls, when going out into the street he immediately directs his eyes to his feet, on public transport he looks at a book, at work at the monitor, and in reverse order).

The eyes of many are simply not trained to look beyond a few meters (that’s why, when working with a vision restoration system, I insist not only on completely abandoning glasses, but also on relieving the eyes as much as possible). This distance is established unconsciously by the person himself in order to isolate himself from something external (for example, not to see real world further than your book, TV or computer game).

Visual impairment can also be associated with the type and style of thinking. In addition to our eyes, we have another type of “eye” that is capable of seeing at any distance and overcoming any obstacles, which see equally well both at night and during the day. These “eyes” are our mind.

The mind is able to simulate visual sensations without any connection with what is in at the moment time is seen by our own eyes. A person who reads a lot, dreams of an unrealistic, fantasy future, or often draws pictures of the past, all the time generates visual pictures in his head that do not exist in reality (not here and now). Over time, his eyes (physical vision), in fact, become a sensory vestige of psychological vision. The true visual function is constantly suppressed, roughly speaking, as unnecessary, and vision deterioration occurs.

People who live all the time “here and now” have very little chance of damaging their eyesight, because most of They use only physiological vision and very little time, so to speak, psychological vision.

This was a summary of several of the most adequate theories of visual impairment. And now, for convenience, I will analyze each of the cases of weakened vision separately. Myopia

With myopia, a person does not see far, but sees well near - this means that the person is focused on himself and on his immediate surroundings. People with myopia, as a rule, find it difficult (or scary) to look into the future, make long-term plans (that is, they do not see a picture of their life in a year, five, ten years), and it is difficult for them to predict the consequences of their actions.

IN in this case a person needs to develop the skill of constructing his long-term plans, and in addition, expand the scope of his interests to a larger area (for example, begin to be interested in world events, etc.)

In the case of farsightedness, people experience fear of the future, the inability to perceive it objectively, distrust of what awaits them ahead, a feeling of constant danger, wariness, and hostility of the world towards them. Such people do not see the future.

In addition, myopia develops in people who are prone to generalization and schematization of reality. Those of its realities that do not fit into their logical structure are ignored.

Myopia often affects people who are too focused on themselves and have difficulty perceiving other people’s ideas (they see and perceive only ideas that are “close” to them in spirit, and those that are “far away” do not see, do not perceive, and do not make room for them in the world). They have a limited outlook.

Myopia can also mean fixation on the external, on form, on the superficial, the presence of rigid stereotypes of perception that interfere with the objective perception of reality.

“Nearsighted” people judge other people all the time, but they themselves literally cannot see beyond their own noses. They don't like what they see around them, they don't notice any of it beautiful world, nor wonderful people, but they see only the negative, that’s why they unconsciously chose “not to see” (there’s nothing to look at, there’s nothing good there). In fact, what myopic people don’t like about the world and people around them is just a reflection of their own behavior.

The psychological causes of visual impairment can also be determined based on the period in which it began to fall:

For example, some people develop myopia in early school or preschool age. The reasons are that in their home, in their family, in their parents’ relationships, there is always a lot of negativity - quarrels, screaming, even beatings. It is painful for a child to see this, because for him parents are the closest people, and he himself cannot influence the situation. And as psychological protection his eyes weaken, myopia helps him dull the pain, “not seeing” what is happening. This is one of the reasons.

There is also the opposite option. For example, at home, before school or kindergarten, a harmonious atmosphere reigns in the child’s family, kind and respectful relationships between parents, the child receives love and support. Having become accustomed to such an attitude, he finds himself in a team where the conditions are completely different - no one loves him just like that, he has to fulfill certain conditions in order to achieve good attitude teachers and friendship of classmates.

The model of the world that he learned in his family turns out to be completely different from the “big” world, and he himself turns out to be unprepared for reality. The child does not want to put up with what he now sees, experiences stress, pain. As a result, this leads to the fact that he develops myopia - and he can clearly see only what is next to him, fencing himself off from the injustice and cruelty around him.

For many, vision deterioration occurs during puberty. Teenagers are faced with the topic of self-identification with their gender and, accordingly, many fears arise regarding these issues: what boys look like as men, and girls as women, whether they will succeed as partners and whether they will be chosen as partners, etc., if It is very difficult for a teenager to look into the above areas, as a result, vision decreases.

Such teenagers are afraid to become adults, because they are alarmed and frightened by what they see in the world of adults (example: they do not like the lifestyle of the adults who surround them, they want a different fate and live differently, but in fact they simply avoid growing up , not wanting to see their future).

If your vision began to deteriorate during the period of graduation (first year of college), this may mean that you are afraid of joining a new, more adult community.

During the period of graduation, young people have, as before the institute, a fear of adult life, a fear of not succeeding in the professional field - “childhood’s games are over, here it is.” adult life“, in this case, fear also blocks vision.

IN general outline the mechanism is clear. And it also works in adults, since we carry most of our conditions out of childhood without much revision.

Sometimes myopia is not associated with fears of the future and prospects. In this case, it is necessary to understand at what age vision began to decline, because Perhaps at this age some event happened that was difficult to look at and the person “chose”, due to his vision, “not to look” at this event.

If vision has not normalized with age, it means that the topic of the event or period is still subconsciously relevant for the person. In this case, it is necessary to deal with the event or period that was difficult for him to watch or difficult to accept or experience.

For example, if your vision decreased during puberty and never recovered, then you still do not accept yourself as an adult man/woman and do not take on the functions associated with these roles. Or if vision has dropped sharply after childbirth, this is the key to recovery in motherhood (in relation to oneself as a mother, in relation to a child, in accepting the role of a mother, etc.).

Recommendations: in order to correct your vision (myopia), you need to get rid of the fear that caused your vision deterioration. This may not be one fear, but several at once, for example, vision began to decline during puberty, worsened a little more in college, and became completely worse after childbirth. Each of these periods is accompanied by certain fears that could not be accepted.

It is necessary to open up to new ideas coming from the outside, to accept the points of view of other people (not to be rigidly fixed on your view of the world, but to allow several opinions to exist in parallel). You need to learn to solve problems as they arise and stop expecting the worst from the future.

Such fears are actually caused not by objective reality, but by the excessive activity of your imagination. Learn to look into the future with optimism. Also learn to respectfully listen to other people's opinions, even if they do not coincide with yours.

Farsightedness

With farsightedness, a person sees well in the distance and does not see close up, this means that the person is interested in what is happening in the world, in the distant environment, he is interested in his distant plans, and is not interested in looking at himself and his immediate environment (he is interested in something global, but everyday little things are so annoying that you don’t want to see them). Therefore, farsightedness is considered an age-related ailment, since in old age a person, for one reason or another, does not accept himself or the age-related changes that occur to him or in his immediate environment. It’s as if your life becomes boring, but the world and your surroundings become more interesting.

According to statistics, farsightedness occurs earlier in women than in men. And this is understandable; women have a harder time accepting their age-related changes.

In modern medicine, it is considered a normal physiological phenomenon for accommodation to deteriorate starting at about the age of 45 years. By “normal” here we only mean that, according to statistical studies, people over 45 years of age are much more likely to suffer from farsightedness than people under 45 years of age. Interestingly, the word "accommodation" means "adjustment" or "process of adjustment."

Therefore, we can assume that age-related farsightedness affects those who find it difficult to adapt to what is happening. It’s hard for them to look at themselves in the mirror, to see how their beloved body ages, to feel less and less attractive, they believe that aging is only a deterioration. Perhaps it is even harder for them to see the situation that is developing in own family or at work.

People with farsightedness worry too much about everything that happens around them and are too attached to the physical dimension. Because of this, their inner vision weakens, and they do not see their significance, acquired along with the experience of for many years.

Farsighted people go overboard with their good intentions. They want to see far, they want to get a lot at once, but they don’t want to see little ( household items). If a person demands from others, including the state, to ensure his future, then his vision deteriorates, since he does not see that everyone must first of all arrange their own life.

Recommendations: People with farsightedness need to learn to accept themselves, look at themselves with love and live in the here and now. Don't forget that your future depends on how you feel about your life today. Learn to adapt to the people and situations that appear in your life, and this will significantly improve its quality, and at the same time your vision.

Farsighted people in life need to first learn to enjoy the little things, then life can trust them with more. In order to move forward, they should first look at their feet and only then direct their gaze into the distance (after all, they might not see the obstacle under their nose, stumble, and end up not getting anywhere).

Astigmatism

With astigmatism, a person has his own stable view of life, and it is correct for him, and all other opinions are incorrect for him (hence the split in the visual picture: one image is an objective reality, the second is subjective, and their overlap friend does not happen). People with astigmatism need to accept that other points of view are also valid and begin to accept them. Astigmatism can also be a signal of fear of actually seeing yourself.

Colorblindness

When a person does not see color/colors, it means that the person subconsciously, for some reason, excludes this/these colors from his life. It is necessary to understand what certain colors symbolize for a person that he has excluded from his life (it is not their generally accepted symbolism that is important, but the personal meaning for a person).

When a person confuses similar shades, it means that a person sees his life in polar colors, but does not see shades as nuances of life or does not want to see.

When a person confuses contrasting colors, it means that his life does not have rainbow colors and as if everything in life is one for him.

The situation with diseases differs in children under three years of age. A child under three years of age is psychologically in a strong connection with his mother and does not yet identify himself as a separate person, therefore all diseases in a child under three years of age are maternal diseases.

Those. a child under three years of age expresses through his body (in this case, eye disorders) the problems that his mother has, and if the mother deals with these symptoms as if she were her own and deals with them, the child will no longer need to show the mother’s symptoms.

Conjunctivitis (styre or inflammation of the eyes)

From a psychosomatic point of view, the symptoms of this disease mean that something is happening in a person’s life that causes him irritation, anger, hatred and resentment, and the person does not agree with what is happening (this could be a situation, a person, etc.) and he does not wants to see this annoying factor.

The reasons are not important, the main thing is that the person experiences a feeling of irritation and anger. The stronger the negative emotions, the stronger the inflammation. Your aggression comes back to you and hits you in the eyes. In this case, if a person identifies what factors cause him to feel irritated or angry and deals with these factors (or finally accepts the irritating factors or removes them from his field of vision), the body will not need a symptom of conjunctivitis.

Sometimes the manifestation of schadenfreude and malice can lead to inflammation. After all, what is the evil eye? This is wishing evil on another person. And it will be reflected in your eyes.

Strabismus

When a person sees normally with both eyes, both pictures are synchronously superimposed on one another. With strabismus, a person sees two different pictures, from different viewing angles. And his subconscious is forced to choose one. This is how a one-sided view of things is formed.

Multiple strabismus in a child means that he sees contradictory messages from his parents. For example, when a mother wants one thing from a child, and a father wants another, and when the parents are of equal importance to the child, i.e. he cannot prioritize between mom and dad, a situation occurs when the child does not know who to listen to, and his eyes literally diverge.

Convergent strabismus. In contrast to multilateral strabismus, the cause of convergent strabismus is the child receiving contradictory messages from caregivers of the same sex (for example, mother and grandmother) and the child also cannot set priorities, and therefore, at the physical level, the above-mentioned psychological “distress” can be expressed in the convergence of the eyes to one point.

Strabismus in adults means that a person looks with one eye into real reality, and with the other either into an “illusory reality” or into some “other world”. In this case, I put an esoteric meaning into the concept of “another world”. Strabismus in adults means fear of looking into the present right here and now.

Glaucoma

With glaucoma, intraocular pressure increases, and severe pain in the eyeball. It literally becomes painful to see. A person is pressured by old grievances against people, against fate, some kind of heartache, he does not forgive the wounds inflicted on him in the past. By stubbornly refusing to forgive, you only hurt yourself.

Glaucoma signals to a person that he is subjecting himself to severe internal pressure. Blocks out his feelings. In this case, it is very important to learn to express your emotions and give vent to your feelings. This disease is always associated with sadness. If glaucoma is accompanied by a headache, this means that the process of increasing this very sadness is underway.

Congenital glaucoma - the mother had to go through a lot of sadness during pregnancy. She was greatly offended, but she gritted her teeth and endured everything, but she cannot forgive. Sadness lived in her even before pregnancy, and during it she attracted injustice, from which she suffered and became vengeful. She attracted to her a child with an identical mindset, whose debt of karma was given the opportunity to be redeemed. Congenital glaucoma means being overwhelmed and overwhelmed by these feelings.

Cataract

Inability to look forward with joy. The future is covered in darkness. Why do cataracts usually occur in older people? Because they do not see anything joyful in their future. It is "foggy". What awaits us there, in our future? Old age, illness and death (so they think). Yes, there seems to be nothing to be happy about. This is how we program ourselves in advance for suffering at this age. But our old age and our departure from this world, like everything else, depend only on ourselves, on the thoughts and moods with which we meet them.

Dry eyes

Refusal to see, to experience the feeling of love. I would rather die than forgive. A malicious, sarcastic, unfriendly person. Loss of vision

The emergence in memory and replaying of only bad events.

Vision loss caused by aging is a reluctance to see the annoying little things in life. An old person wants to see the great things that have been done or achieved in life. If he does not understand that life begins with little things, which are just as important as the big things, since one cannot exist without the other, and he begins to hate these little things, then they will begin to annoy him more and more. Although vision deteriorates so that a person cannot see small things, as he would like, the person does not like it. He doesn’t want to see little things, but for some reason he puts on glasses so that he can see them. Anger contributes to increasingly weakening of vision. Anyone who stops wasting themselves on trifles, appreciating time in old age, can wear glasses of the same optical power for decades. And if an old person stops paying attention to the little things in life, because he feels that they have lost their meaning for him, then his vision begins to improve. What is change? Yes, everything that is of little importance to you.

People with one eye cannot watch 3D movies because their visual analyzer is unable to perceive colorful effects. They have difficulty playing football, volleyball and other games in which it is necessary to correctly judge the distance to the ball or other objects.

We will tell you what other inconveniences a one-eyed person experiences and whether it is possible to overcome them. We will also find out whether people with one eye can drive a car and obtain a driver's license.

Eye patch, sunglasses or prosthetic?

How to live with one eye? This question is asked by people who have lost an eyeball due to injury or illness. Naturally, they have a strong complex and try in every possible way to hide the defect from others with the help of dark glasses or an eye patch. However, such “disguise” is far from ideal and has many disadvantages.

An eye patch attracts undue attention from others, making a person feel self-conscious. It's fair to say that scary headbands look good on pirates from historical films, but not on people in everyday life. As for tinted glasses, they are not always appropriate and in winter they cause confusion among passers-by. And they look quite strange indoors. Consequently, both of these methods are not suitable for everyone and not always.

Thanks to the development of science and modern technologies today there is a great way to hide the absence of an eye. This can be done with the help of a prosthesis, which in appearance is practically no different from the eyeball. The implant is placed in a specially formed cavity and remains there certain time. Different types of prostheses are subject to scheduled replacement every few years.

Types of eye prostheses:

Glass. Quite light, have a smooth surface and are well moistened by tear fluid. Require careful attitude and careful use. Such dentures need to be changed once a year.
Plastic. Much stronger and safer to use than glass. They are resistant to impacts external environment, allowing patients with one eye to wear them much longer. The service life of such prostheses is two years.
Standard. Produced in mass quantities. Have different shapes, size, color, etc. Note that for the right and left eyes there are different types prostheses. They try to choose the most suitable implant for each person.
Individual. Made to order, taking into account all the individual characteristics and desires of a person. Implantation of such a prosthesis allows you to achieve the highest quality cosmetic effect.

Men and women who have lost an eyeball should not despair. Many people live without an eye for many years and still lead a full life. The unsightly defect is hidden with the help of a prosthesis, and you can gradually adapt to monocular vision.

Is it possible to drive a car and get a license?

Can people with one eye get a license and drive a car? Yes, but only if certain conditions are met. Let's figure out whether a person with anophthalmia (an underdeveloped or completely absent eyeball) can drive a car and what is needed in this case to obtain a driver's license.

According to the law Russian Federation(Article 23 Federal Law No. 196 “About security traffic"), every driver must undergo mandatory medical examinations. If during the examination he is diagnosed with diseases that prevent him from driving, he will not be able to obtain a license.

A person does not have the right to drive a category B vehicle if visual acuity is below 0.6 in one eye and less than 0.2 in the other eye. Note that vision is checked with correction, that is, with glasses or contact lenses. This means that even a patient with a high degree of myopia can get behind the wheel, having previously selected a means of correction.

By law, people with one eye can drive a car equipped with parking sensors - an acoustic parking system. Since people with anophthalmia have impaired binocular vision, they need APS to avoid accidents.

Adaptation to monocular vision

People who are blind in one eye from birth will never be able to have normal binocular vision. The fact is that their brain is simply not capable of providing depth of perception of the world. Such patients have nothing to compare their vision with, so they consider it quite satisfactory.

But for people with one eye who have lost the other during life, their vision may be partially restored over time. It will never be the same as before, but it can improve. As a rule, this requires 1–2 years. Over time, a person gets used to his condition and learns to perform daily work. After the adaptation period is over, he can even drive with one eye while driving.

Features of life with one eye

People who have recently lost an eye have to relearn how to move and navigate in space. At first, life with one eye may seem too difficult and unusual for them, but over time this will pass. The main thing is not to worry or despair.

Tips to help people with one eye quickly adapt to their new condition:

Obstacles from the missing eye. People with anophthalmia have a narrowed field of vision, which may prevent them from noticing objects that are located to their side. Therefore, in an unfamiliar place or new room, they need to look around carefully so as not to stumble upon an obstacle.
Grabbing objects. To take any item from a table, open a door, or shake an outstretched hand without missing a beat, you need to move very slowly. By turning your head, you can better assess the distance to an object and its location in space.
Walking up the stairs. When going down the steps, a person with one eye needs to carefully monitor the railing - this will help avoid an extra step down and a painful push. On the street, the stairs can be replaced by observing the shadows of objects.
Estimation of distance to objects. While on the street, distance can be determined using visual nuances. To do this, you need to carefully examine trees, traffic lights, and sidewalks. The size of an object gives an idea of how far it is located.

In medicine, anophthalmia is the absence of an eyeball. This condition occurs after surgical removal of an injured or diseased eye. People with anophthalmia lose binocular vision, making it extremely difficult for them to navigate in space.

Life does not end after losing an eye. The defect can be hidden with the help of a prosthesis, and it is quite possible to adapt to monocular vision. People who have lost an eyeball can lead a normal life, play sports and even drive a car. All it takes is desire and perseverance.

Useful video about artificial eye

Psychology of a patient with vision loss. As noted in the literature, vision has several psychological aspects: a) it includes a circle of actual interaction with immediate reality; b) separates the subject from environment(“I” – “others and the world”); c) makes it possible to perceive others and compare oneself with others; d) allows you to perceive the same phenomena together with others – general impressions. Psychological characteristics vision are directly dependent on the organ of vision - the eye, which is a tool for cognition of the external environment, and its functions underlie labor and creative activity[Eroshevsky T.I., Bochkareva A.A., 1977]. The auditory and visual analyzers provide not only the receipt, but also the processing of information coming from the external environment.

In the psychology of any person suffering from an eye disease, regardless of the degree of threat of vision loss, there is always concern and even fear of becoming blind [Nikolenko T. M., 1977]. Thus, blepharospasm, practically depriving patients of vision, gives rise to a complex system of experiences leading to disruption of the usual life pattern and difficulty in adaptation. The strength of the psychotraumatic effect in such cases is determined by the individual significance of the disease for a given patient. The types of reactions are different: hysterical, anxious-depressive, phobic, hypochondriacal [Vyshlov V.F., 1977].

In some patients with glaucoma, after becoming aware of the diagnosis and the seriousness of the disease, which sometimes leads to loss of vision, a state of depression, anxiety, and fear immediately arise. These psychological changes are quite protracted: from several weeks to months, 2-3 years [Vostroknutov N.N., Mikheeva E.G., Uspensky B.A., 1973].

A progressive decrease in vision is usually accompanied by deep feelings. Patients' mood is usually low, and there are frequent complaints of hopelessness, loneliness, and helplessness. In preparation for and after surgery, when wearing a blindfold, the intensity of these experiences weakens significantly, giving way to hope for a favorable outcome. In cases where surgical intervention did not lead to improvement in vision, an increase in these psychological changes was observed [Nikitina G.F., 1975]. In some patients with a bandage applied after cataract removal, against the background of high spirits with an underestimation of the severity and seriousness of the disease, there was a revival, a violation of the regime, and a desire to remove the bandage [Ziskind Yu., 1963], i.e., there is a manifestation of hyposomatonosognosia.

Personal reaction to sudden loss of vision has been the subject of research among wounded people during the Great Patriotic War. Patriotic War. Observations in the eye departments of military hospitals showed that almost every wounded person with loss of vision under the influence of a sudden injury - blindness - experiences a severe “personality crisis” [Merlin V.S., 1945]. The ultimate way out of it is adaptation to blindness, reconciliation with it, return to the family and inclusion in labor activity, dependent attitudes, etc., are determined to a large extent by premorbid personality characteristics. In the overwhelming majority of cases, this crisis does not go beyond psychological reactions, mainly in the form of decreased mood and weakened motor activity. In some cases, a “motor storm” with suicidal statements is observed [Rakitina P. A., 1947]. According to our observations, the matter is not limited to statements; sometimes such patients commit suicidal acts. Turning off vision, causing a complete rejection of the previous life stereotype or significantly changing it, led to a “reconstruction” of the personality [Matveev V.F., Semenov A.I., 1973, 1975].

When assessing the qualitative parameters of the psychological reaction to blindness, one should take into account their dependence not only on premorbid personal characteristics, but also on the biological capabilities of the body, its ability to compensate for the loss of function. It is generally accepted that the blind experience a change in the threshold of the analyzers of hearing, touch, and smell, although the thresholds are not higher than normal, but they reach a high degree of differentiation.

The reaction of patients to blindness, according to A.I. Semenov (1974), goes through the following three stages. The first is the stage of acute reaction, accompanied by a situational anxiety state, fear of blindness, depressed mood, and weakened motor activity. The second is the stage of decreased mood, energy and initiative with the remaining hope for the effectiveness of surgical treatment. Sometimes these psychological manifestations can take on the character of a pathological form of reaction in the form of depression. The third is pathological development of personality. Usually, the subjective assessment of blindness is ultimately limited to the preservation of ideas of inferiority, the development of autistic tendencies, and immersion in the world of internal experiences [Lakosina N.D., Ushakov G.K., 1976].

Psychological changes in patients with decreased vision and blindness during the diagnostic period indicate varying degrees of stress. Normosomatonosognosia predominates. Overestimation of symptoms, as well as ignoring them, are rare. During the period of treatment (both medicinal and surgical), adaptation to the disease is unstable. In the patient’s experiences and ideas leading place belongs to the hope for the effectiveness of treatment Normosomatonosognosia, occupying a dominant position, is distinguished by a certain stability in the weakening of emotional coloring. Hypersomatonosognosia is rare. During the rehabilitation and recovery period, personal reactions are usually of the normosomatonosognosic type. More often there is an overestimation of vision loss with ideas of inferiority. In all three periods of the disease, in addition to psychological forms of reaction, depressive reactions are also observed.

So, the formation of somatonosognosia with lesions of the visual and auditory analyzers is determined mainly by difficulties in receiving information from the outside and processing it. They are not identical at one or another stage of the disease. The resulting violations interpersonal relationships indicate preferential interest socio-psychological level in the development of somatonosognosia. Loss of hearing and vision in the diagnostic stage of the disease is always accompanied by a state of stress. During the treatment stage, adaptation to the disease is characterized by instability and incompleteness due to the preservation of some hopes for a favorable outcome of the disease. In the rehabilitation and restoration stage, the development of psychological mechanisms of adaptation to changed conditions of life and activity due to the presence of physical defects occurs slowly. Hypersomatonosognosia is not such a rare phenomenon. Hypo- and dissomatonosognosia are much less common. Of the pathological forms of attitude towards illness, depressive reactions predominate. When the organs of vision and hearing are damaged, relationships with others naturally suffer, which indicates an interest primarily in the socio-psychological level of the patient’s personality.

According to the Department of Health and social security, there are 4.3 million people in the United States who are blind or visually impaired. Many of us have such people among our acquaintances and we would like to support them, but not everyone knows how to behave and be useful. Warn the person when you enter the room, ask how you could help - this is quite simple ways show courtesy and help a blind person. First of all, your behavior should be based on respect and understanding of the fact that the person you want to help is not just blind.

Steps

Basic Standards of Courtesy

Say hello loudly. When you enter a room where a blind person is already present, a loud greeting will alert him to your presence. If you remain silent until you get close to the person, he or she may think you came out of nowhere, which can be embarrassing for anyone.

Identify yourself so that the person understands who he is dealing with.
If a person offers you his hand to shake, do not refuse.

Announce your departure from the room. It's not always intuitive, but care should say something. You should not rely on the person to hear your retreating footsteps. It is simply impolite to leave without warning, because the person may continue to contact you. This awkward situation is frustrating.

Offer your help. If it seems to you that the person is not comfortable with your help, then instead of making assumptions, it is best to ask directly. Politely suggest, “may I help you?” If the answer is yes, then ask what you should do. But if the answer is no, then it is impolite to insist. Many blind people have learned to get along just fine without any outside help.
- If they are ready to accept your help, then do only what is asked. Often, sighted people take on too much for good reasons, and a blind person can be offended by such behavior.
- In some cases, you don't even need to ask. For example, when everyone sits down at the table, and blind person is already sitting, there is no need to come up and ask how you could help. Try to feel the situation rather than guess.
Ask questions directly. Many people have no experience communicating with blind people and do not know how to treat them. For example, in a restaurant, waiters often turn to the person sitting next to a blind person when offering the blind person more water or a menu. Blind people cannot see, but they can hear everything, so always contact them directly.

Use the words “look” and “see.” You may be tempted to change your speech habits and try not to use words like “look” and “see.” Better use them, otherwise an awkward situation may arise. A blind person will be unpleasant not from using these words, but from the fact that you speak to him differently than to everyone else.
- Don't be shy about saying things like "I'm very glad to see you."
- But don't use the words "look" and "see" when describing this person's actions. For example, if a person is at risk of bumping into something, it is better to say “Stop!” rather than “Watch your step!”
You should not pet your guide dog. These are specially trained animals that are designed to protect the life and safety of blind people. Blind people rely on guide dogs for guidance, so you should not call or pet them. If the dog is distracted, a dangerous situation may arise. Don't distract the dog's attention. You can stroke it only if the blind person himself suggested it to you.

Don't make assumptions about the lives of the blind. It is unethical to ask many questions or discuss the issue of blindness. They answer questions like this all the time. Every day they find themselves in places and situations in which sighted people feel more comfortable. You will do much more kindness by talking to a blind person about the most ordinary things.
- A common myth that blind people are often asked about is their incredible sense of hearing or smell. Blind people have to rely on these senses much more than sighted people, but they don't have any super powers, and it's not nice to assume that.
- Typically, blind people do not like to talk about the reasons for their blindness. They can start this conversation themselves. Only then can you ask a few questions.
Help him walk up the steps. First, indicate whether the stairs should be ascended or descended, and also describe the approximate slope and length of the stairs. Then place the blind man's hand on the railing. If you are leading a person, then take the first step and wait for the person being guided to keep up with you.

Help pass through doorways. When approaching the door, the blind person should be on the side of the hinges and should be told which way the door opens. First, open the door and go through it yourself. Then place the blind man's hand on the doorknob and allow him to close the door behind both of you.

This article will talk about the psychosomatic causes of poor vision, and will also give some recommendations for changing the ways of thinking that caused the deterioration of vision.

Psychosomatic causes of poor vision

Aggressive emotions such as hatred, anger, anger accumulate in the soul, and they create problems with the eyes, because the eyes are the mirror of the soul. Such people are prevented from seeing the good by their pride and stubbornness. They do not understand that they see bad things in their world only because they look at the world through the prism of their aggressive emotions. There is only one way out - to clear your perception of negative thinking, patterns and prejudices, then the world will become a better place. Create a world for yourself that you would enjoy looking at.

The eyes are the place where sadness is released. Vision problems occur when sadness is not fully expressed. Therefore, the eyes get sick both in those who cry constantly and in those who never cry. When people reproach their eyes because they see only one unpleasant thing, the foundation of eye disease is laid.

Poor vision is a direct consequence of a suppressed desire not to see something and (or) someone. Deterioration of vision is a signal (metaphor, message) that the need and need not to see something or someone has become unbearable, and there is no way to satisfy it (i.e., to avoid a harmful stimulus).

Forced to see what he does not want to see, a person creates a contradiction between parts of his experience(good vision on the one hand and “poor” psychological vision on the other), – and his good vision is equated with “poor psychological vision”(synchronization).

And finally, it is obvious that a person thereby generates in his mind rigid programs of “bad” visual experience(it manifests itself in the words: “I don’t want to see you”, “get out of my sight”, “my eyes wouldn’t see you”, “and don’t show yourself to me”, “seeing you is sickening”, “it hurts to look at all this "and so on and so forth).

It is no coincidence that, according to statistics, young people’s vision deteriorates, as a rule, with a minus sign ( myopia or myopia), and for older people - with a plus sign(farsightedness). Older people have a lot of past, and in the past there is a lot of pain, disappointments, mistakes and everything that you really don’t want to see in yourself. And for young people it is fear of “prospects”, fear of the future.

Another reason for visual impairment is related to the establishment of a forced physical boundary at viewing distance. Such boundaries are the walls of houses, fences, books, monitor and TV screens, etc. (there are even studies confirming that the more densely populated a city is and the less space it has (a house literally sits on top of a house), the statistically worse is the vision of its residents).

There is always an obstacle in front of your eyes on which you focus your gaze. The eyes, encountering constant obstacles, are trained to see only up to a certain distance (an ordinary person, waking up, does not see further than the walls, going out into the street immediately directs his eyes to his feet, in public transport he looks at a book, at work at the monitor, and in reverse order).

Many eyes are simply not trained to look further than a few meters(That’s why, when working with a vision restoration system, I insist not only on completely giving up glasses, but also on relieving the eyes as much as possible). This distance is established unconsciously by the person himself in order to isolate himself from something external.(for example, not seeing the real world beyond your book, TV or computer game).

Visual impairment can also be associated with the type and style of thinking. In addition to our eyes, we have another type of “eye” that is capable of seeing at any distance and overcoming any obstacles, which see equally well both at night and during the day. These “eyes” are our mind.

The mind is able to simulate visual sensations without any connection to what our own eyes see at a given moment in time. A person who reads a lot, dreams of an unrealistic, fantasy future, or often draws pictures of the past, all the time generates visual pictures in his head that do not exist in reality (not here and now). Over time, his eyes (physical vision), in fact, become a sensory vestige of psychological vision. The true visual function is constantly suppressed, roughly speaking, as unnecessary, and vision deterioration occurs.

People who live all the time “here and now” have very little chance of spoiling their eyesight. That is, because most of the time they use only physiological vision, and very little - so to speak, psychological vision.

This was a summary of several of the most adequate theories of visual impairment. And now, for convenience, I will analyze each of the cases of weakened vision separately.

Myopia

In this case, a person needs to develop the skill of constructing his long-term plans, and in addition, expand the scope of his interests to a larger area (for example, begin to be interested in world events, etc.)

In the case of farsightedness, people experience fear of the future and inability to perceive it objectively b, distrust of what awaits them ahead, a feeling of constant danger, wariness, and hostility of the world towards them. Such people do not see the future.

In addition, myopia develops in people who are prone to generalization and schematization of reality.. Those of its realities that do not fit into their logical structure are ignored.

Myopia can also mean fixation on the external, on form, on the superficial, the presence of rigid perception stereotypes that interfere with the objective perception of reality.

“Nearsighted” people judge other people all the time, but they themselves literally cannot see beyond their own noses. They don’t like what they see around them, they don’t notice this beautiful world or beautiful people, but see only the negative, which is why they unconsciously chose “not to see” (there’s nothing to look at there, there’s nothing good there). In fact, what myopic people don’t like about the world and people around them is just a reflection of their own behavior.

The psychological causes of visual impairment can also be determined based on the period in which it began to fall:

For example, some people develop myopia in early school or preschool age. The reasons are that in their home, in their family, in their parents’ relationships, there is always a lot of negativity - quarrels, screaming, even beatings. It is painful for a child to see this, because for him parents are the closest people, and he himself cannot influence the situation. And as a psychological defense, his eyes weaken, myopia helps him dull the pain, “not seeing” what is happening. This is one of the reasons.

There is also the opposite option. For example, d oma, before school or kindergarten, a harmonious atmosphere, kind and respectful relationships reign in the child’s family between parents, the child receives love and support. Having become accustomed to such an attitude, he finds himself in a team where the conditions are completely different - no one loves him just like that, he has to fulfill certain conditions in order to achieve a good attitude from teachers and friendship from classmates.

For many, vision deterioration occurs during puberty. Teenagers are faced with the topic of self-identification with their gender and, accordingly, many fears arise regarding these issues: what boys look like as men, and girls as women, whether they will succeed as partners and whether they will be chosen as partners, etc., if It is very difficult for a teenager to look into the above areas, as a result, vision decreases.

If your vision began to deteriorate while finishing school ( first year of college) this may mean that you are afraid of joining a new, more adult community.

During the period of graduation, young people, like before college, have a fear of adult life, a fear of not succeeding in the professional field - “childhood’s games are over, here it is adult life,” in this case, fear also blocks vision.

In general terms, the mechanism is clear. And it also works in adults, since we carry most of our conditions out of childhood without much revision.

Sometimes myopia is not associated with fears of the future and prospects. In this case, it is necessary to understand at what age vision began to decline, because Perhaps at this age some event happened that was difficult to look at and the person “chose”, due to his vision, “not to look” at this event.

For example, if your vision decreased during puberty and never recovered, then you still do not accept yourself as an adult man/woman and do not take on the functions associated with these roles. Or if vision has dropped sharply after childbirth - the key to recovery in motherhood(in relation to oneself as a mother, in relation to a child, in accepting the role of a mother, etc.).

Recommendations: In order to correct your vision (myopia), you need to get rid of the fear that caused your vision deterioration. This may not be one fear, but several at once, for example, vision began to decline during puberty, worsened a little more in college, and became completely worse after childbirth. Each of these periods is accompanied by certain fears that could not be accepted..

It is necessary to be open to new ideas coming from outside, to accept other people's points of view(not to be rigidly fixed on your view of the world, but to allow several opinions to exist in parallel). You need to learn to solve problems as they arise and stop expecting the worst from the future.

Such fears are actually caused not by objective reality, but by the excessive activity of your imagination. Learn to look into the future with optimism. Also learn to respectfully listen to other people's opinions, even if they do not coincide with yours.

Farsightedness

With farsightedness, a person sees well in the distance and does not see close up, this means that the person is interested in what is happening in the world, in the distant environment, his distant plans are interesting, and It’s not interesting to look at yourself and your immediate environment(I’m interested in something global, but everyday little things are so annoying that I don’t want to see them). Therefore, farsightedness is considered an age-related ailment, since in old age a person, for one reason or another, does not accept himself or the age-related changes that occur to him or in his immediate environment. It’s as if your life becomes boring, but the world and your surroundings become more interesting.

According to statistics, farsightedness occurs earlier in women than in men.. And this is understandable; women have a harder time accepting their age-related changes.

In modern medicine, it is considered a normal physiological phenomenon for accommodation to deteriorate starting at about the age of 45 years. By “normal” here we only mean that, according to statistical studies, people over 45 years of age are much more likely to suffer from farsightedness than people under 45 years of age. Interestingly, the word "accommodation" means "adjustment" or "process of adjustment."

People with farsightedness worry excessively about everything that happens around them and are too attached to the physical dimension. Because of this, their inner vision weakens, and they do not see their significance, acquired along with experience over many years.

Farsighted people go overboard with their good intentions. They want to see far, they want to get a lot at once, but they do not want to see little (everyday little things). If a person demands from others, including the state, to ensure his future, then his vision deteriorates, since he does not see that everyone must first of all arrange their own life.

Recommendations: People with farsightedness need to learn to accept themselves, look at themselves with love and live in the here and now. Don't forget that your future depends on how you feel about your life today. Learn to adapt to the people and situations that appear in your life, and this will significantly improve its quality, and at the same time your vision.

Astigmatism

Colorblindness

When a person does not see color/colors, it means that the person subconsciously excludes this/these colors from his life for some reason. It is necessary to understand what certain colors symbolize for a person that he has excluded from his life (it is not their generally accepted symbolism that is important, but the personal meaning for a person).

When a person confuses similar shades, it means that a person sees his life in polar colors, but does not see or does not want to see shades as nuances of life.

When a person confuses contrasting colors, it means that his life does not have rainbow colors and as if everything in life is one for him.

The situation with diseases differs in children under three years of age. A child under three years of age is psychologically in a strong connection with his mother and does not yet identify himself as a separate person, therefore, all diseases in a child under three years of age are maternal diseases.

Those. a child under three years of age expresses through his body(in this case, eye disorders) problems that mom has, and if the mother deals with these symptoms as if she were her own and deals with them, the child will no longer need to show the mother’s symptoms.

Conjunctivitis (styre or inflammation of the eyes)

The reasons are not important, the main thing is that the person experiences a feeling of irritation and anger. The stronger the negative emotions, the stronger the inflammation. Your aggression comes back to you and hits you in the eyes. In this case, if a person identifies what factors cause him to feel irritated or angry and deals with these factors (or finally accepts the irritating factors or removes them from his field of vision), the body will not need a symptom of conjunctivitis.

Sometimes the manifestation of schadenfreude and malice can lead to inflammation. After all, what is the evil eye? This is wishing evil on another person. And it will be reflected in your eyes.

Strabismus

When a person sees normally with both eyes, both pictures are synchronously superimposed on one another. With strabismus, a person sees two different pictures, from different viewing angles. And his subconscious is forced to choose one. This is how a one-sided view of things is formed.

Multiple strabismus in a child means that he sees contradictory messages from his parents. For example, when a mother wants one thing from a child, and a father wants another, and when the parents are of equal importance to the child, i.e. he cannot prioritize between mom and dad, a situation occurs when the child does not know who to listen to, and his eyes literally diverge.

Convergent strabismus. Unlike versatile strabismus, the cause of convergent strabismus is is the child receiving contradictory messages from same-sex caregivers(for example, mothers and grandmothers) and the child also cannot set priorities, and therefore, on the physical level, the above-mentioned psychological “distress” can be expressed in the convergence of the eyes to one point.

Glaucoma

With glaucoma, intraocular pressure increases and severe pain appears in the eyeball. It literally becomes painful to see. A person is pressured by old grievances against people, against fate, some kind of mental pain, he does not forgive the wounds inflicted on him in the past. By stubbornly refusing to forgive, you only hurt yourself.

Cataract

Dry eyes

Refusal to see, to experience the feeling of love. I would rather die than forgive. A malicious, sarcastic, unfriendly person.

Loss of vision

The emergence in memory and replaying of only bad events.

Ksenia Golitsyna

If you have any questions, please ask