One of the works of the school curriculum, written by the Russian writer Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, is “ Captain's daughter" In this article we will analyze the meaning of the place in which the young man Petrusha grew spiritually and turned into the man Peter Grinev. This Belogorsk fortress. What role does it play in the overall design of the work? Let's figure it out.
How was the work created?
Before moving on to the question of what plot and semantic functions the Belogorsk fortress and all the episodes that took place in it perform, it is necessary to turn directly to the history of the creation of the story. No analysis work of art cannot do without analyzing the events that served as the impetus for the creation of this or that creation, without searching real prototypes heroes.
The origins of the novel go back to the middle of 1832, when Alexander Sergeevich first addressed the topic of the Emelyan Pugachev uprising of 1773-1775. First, the writer gains access to secret materials with the permission of the authorities, then, in 1833, he goes to Kazan, where he looks for contemporaries of those events who have already become old people. As a result, the collected materials formed the “History of the Pugachesky Rebellion,” which was published in 1834, but did not satisfy Pushkin’s artistic research.
The thought directly about a major work, with a renegade hero in leading role, which ended up in the Pugachev camp, had been ripening with the author since 1832, during the time of work on no less famous novel"Dubrovsky". At the same time, Alexander Sergeevich had to be extremely careful, because censorship could consider such a work “freethinking” due to any little thing.
Grinev prototypes
The essential components of the story changed several times: for some time, Alexander Sergeevich was looking for a suitable surname for the key character, until he finally settled on Grinev. By the way, such a person was actually listed in real documents. During the uprising, he was suspected of conspiring with the “villains,” but as a result he was released from arrest due to the lack of proof of his guilt. However, the prototype of the main character was another person: initially it was intended to take the second lieutenant of the 2nd Grenadier Regiment, Mikhail Shvanovich, but later Alexander Sergeevich chose another participant in the events described, Basharin, who was taken prisoner by the rebels, but escaped, and eventually began to fight on side of the pacifiers of the rioters.
Instead of the planned one nobleman, two of them appeared on the pages of the book: the antagonist Shvabrin, a “vile villain,” was added to Grinev. This was done to circumvent censorship barriers
What is the genre?
A work in which the Belogorsk Fortress will play significant role, was interpreted by the author himself as historical novel. However, today most literary scholars, in view of small volume literary work, classify it as a story genre.
Belogorsk fortress: what did it look like?
The fortress appears in the story after the main character, Petrusha Grinev, reaches the age of 16. The father decides to send his son to serve in the army, which the young man thinks about with joy: he assumes that he will be sent to St. Petersburg, where he can continue to lead a wild, cheerful life. However, things turn out a little differently. Where does young Grinev end up? In the Belogorsk fortress, which, however, turned out to be even worse than its young man imagined.
Located in the Orenburg province, it was, in fact, a village surrounded by a wooden log palisade! Here Captain Mironov, the managing commandant, who, according to Petrusha, should have been a firm, stern, strict old man, turned out to be affectionate and soft, met young man in a simple way, like a son, and he conducted military exercises in “a cap and a Chinese robe.” The brave army consisted entirely of old invalids who could not remember where the right was and where the left was, and the only defensive weapon in the fortress was an old cast-iron cannon, from which it is unknown when the last time was fired.
Life in the Belogorsk fortress: how Peter’s attitude changes
Over time, however, Grinev changed his opinion about the Belogorsk fortress: here he studied literature, he was surrounded by kind, bright and wise people, with whom he loved to talk - this especially applied to the Mironov family, that is, to the commandant himself, his wife and daughter Masha. Peter’s feelings flared up for the latter, which is why the young man stood up to defend the girl’s honor and his attitude towards her in front of the vile, envious, jealous Shvabrin.
A duel took place between the men, as a result of which Grinev was unfairly wounded, but this only brought him even closer to Masha. Despite the lack of blessing from Father Peter, the beloved continued to remain true friend friend in words and deeds.
After the conquest of the fortress by Emelyan Pugachev and his bandit gang, the idyll collapses. At the same time, Peter continues to remember and honor the time spent here best moments his life and does not betray this place even after it falls into the hands of the rebels. He flatly refuses to swear allegiance to Pugachev, and even the fear of death does not frighten him. Main character ready to follow the commandant and other killed defenders of the fortress. However, the leader of the uprising agrees to spare Grinev for his integrity, honesty, and loyalty to honor.
Grinev will end up in the Belogorsk fortress, the essay about which is presented in detail in this article, even after the events described, because he will return here in order to save his beloved Masha, captured by the defector Shvabrin. As you can see, the fortress is one of the central places in the work. Happening here large number important, from the point of view of plot and development of action, episodes.
Meaning
The essay “Belogorsk Fortress” cannot end without describing the significance of this place in the semantic structure of the story. Fortress is one of the most important components in the development of a hero’s personality. It is here that Grinev meets with serious love, here he faces the enemy. As a result, it is within the walls of the fortress that Peter turns from a boy into mature man, a man who can bear responsibility for his actions.
Here he thinks about many truly philosophical matters, for example, about the meaning of life, about honor, about the value of human life. Here his morality and purity are finally crystallized.
Obviously, a better place simply could not be imagined - Pushkin’s genius showed that he is not so important appearance like life itself, way of life, traditions, culture specific place. The Belogorsk fortress is an element that accumulates everything truly Russian, folk, and national.
The main character of the story is Peter Grinev. He appears before us as a young man from a poor noble family. His father, Andrei Petrovich Grinev, was a simple military man. Even before his birth, Grinev was enrolled in the regiment. Peter received home education. At first he was taught by Savelich, a faithful servant. Later, a Frenchman was specially hired for him. But instead of gaining knowledge, Peter chased pigeons. According to established tradition, noble children had to serve. So Grinev’s father sent him to serve, but not in the elite Semyonovsky regiment, as Peter thought, but to Orenburg, so that his son could experience real life, so that a soldier comes out, not a shamaton.
But fate threw Petrusha not just to Orenburg, but to the distant Belogorsk fortress, which was an old village with wooden houses, surrounded by a log fence. The only weapon was an old cannon, and it was filled with rubbish. The entire team of the fortress consisted of disabled people. Such a fortress made a depressing impression on Grinev. Peter was very upset...
But gradually life in the fortress becomes bearable. Peter becomes close to the family of Captain Mironov, the commandant of the fortress. He is accepted there as a son and taken care of. Soon Peter falls in love with Maria Mironova, the daughter of the commandant of the fortress. His first love turned out to be mutual, and everything seemed fine. But then it turns out that Shvabrin, an officer exiled to the fortress for a duel, had already wooed Masha, but Maria refused him, and Shvabrin takes revenge by denigrating the girl’s name. Grinev stands up for the honor of his beloved girl and challenges Shvabrin to a duel, where he is wounded. After recovery, Peter asks his parents for his parents’ blessing to marry Mary, but his father, angry at the news of the duel, refuses him, reproaching him for this and saying that Peter is still young and stupid. Masha, passionately loving Peter, does not agree to marriage without the blessing of her parents. Grinev is very upset and upset. Maria tries to avoid him. He no longer visits the commandant's family, life becomes more and more unbearable for him.
But at this time the Belogorsk fortress is in danger. The Pugachev army approaches the walls of the fortress and quickly captures it. All residents immediately recognize Pugachev as their emperor, except for commandant Mironov and Ivan Ignatich. They were hanged for disobedience to the “one and true emperor.” It was Grinev’s turn; he was immediately led to the gallows. Peter walked forward, looked death in the face boldly and courageously, preparing to die. But then Savelich threw himself at Pugachev’s feet and stood up for the boyar’s child. Emelyan ordered Grinev to be brought to him and ordered him to kiss his hand, recognizing his power. But Peter did not break his word and remained faithful to Empress Catherine II. Pugachev got angry, but remembering the hare sheepskin coat given to him, he generously released Grinev. Soon they met again. Grinev was traveling from Orenburg to save Masha from Shvabrin when the Cossacks caught him and took him to Pugachev’s “palace”. Having learned about their love and that Shvabrin was forcing a poor orphan to marry him, Emelyan decided to go to the fortress with Grinev to help the orphan. When Pugachev found out that the orphan was the commandant’s daughter, he got angry, but then he released Masha and Grinev, keeping his word: “To execute like this, to execute like this, to favor like that: that’s my custom.”
The Belogorsk fortress greatly influenced Peter. From an inexperienced youth, Grinev turns into a young man capable of protecting his love, maintaining loyalty and honor, and able to judge people sensibly. \
Many consider “The Captain's Daughter” to be a story, an ordinary story about life, love, and the Pugachev uprising. In my opinion, this is not entirely accurate. If in school curriculum introduced the history of life, “The Captain’s Daughter” would be the most accurate textbook. In this story little boy Petrusha turns into the adult and courageous Pyotr Grinev. He came to the Belogorsk fortress as a “mama’s boy”, dreamed of a beautiful life in St. Petersburg, he was not worried about his own future. However, he leaves her as a determined, brave man.
Of course, this transformation was influenced by many factors, one of which was his love for Masha Mironova. He did not immediately fall in love with this girl, since Peter’s new acquaintance, Shvabrin, presented Masha as an extreme fool. But later Grinev realized that Shvabrin’s actions were controlled by unrequited love to Masha. It seems to me that Peter immediately liked Maria, but he believed Shvabrin so much that he was afraid to admit it even to himself.
There were many obstacles on the way of Masha and Peter. Shvabrin, who once seemed a very interesting and nice person, dramatically changed Grinev’s attitude towards himself. He continued to disgrace Masha, Grinev could not stand it. The duel with Shvabrin shows how strong his feeling for Masha was. But Grinev’s parents did not understand this. The father was categorically against his son's wedding.
The unexpected attack of the Pugachevites changed Grinev’s entire fate. If he had not been in the Belogorsk fortress, he would never have known true loyalty to his homeland, his beloved girl, would not have experienced the trials of life, would not have fully understood who Pugachev really was. Meeting Pugachev unexpectedly played a role big role in the pardon of Grinev by Pugachev. If earlier Pugachev seemed to Peter as an impostor who only cared about power, now he turned out to be an ordinary person, who has his weaknesses, is quite kind. And when Grinev came to ask him for help, he did not refuse, despite Peter’s slightly impudent response to Pugachev’s request not to fight against him.
Shvabrin turned out to be not only a traitor to his country, but also a shameless hypocrite who took advantage of Grinev’s departure to Orenburg. But for this he was punished by Pugachev, who learned from Peter that Shvabrin wanted to forcefully marry Masha.
Compared to Grinev, Shvabrin seems like a person devoid of all the qualities that Peter was endowed with. He was not familiar with such concepts as duty, honor, dignity. He did not respect the rights of women, and one might even say that he did not know how to love.
The story about Grinev’s life in the Belogorsk fortress occupied a very large place in his notes. After all, it was in the Belogorsk fortress that Grinev learned to truly love, respect his country, and persevere through obstacles. And this is what made him a real man.
The story of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “” can safely be called historical work, because it describes the peasant uprising led by Pugachev. We see everything that happens through the eyes of the main character Peter Grinev, who was aimed at military service to the Belogorsk fortress.
In the fortress, Petrusha remains a completely “green” boy. He was only sixteen years old. It should be noted that the main character conscious life was under the care of his parents and did not feel all the difficulties life path. The Belogorsk fortress became a real school of life for Grinev. She raised him to be a real man with his own values, principles, and the ability to stand up for himself and his loved ones.
First life lesson for steel love feelings for . The main character's first impression of Maria was based on the stories of Shvabrin, who spoke not very kindly about the girl. Over time, Grinev realizes that Masha is a smart and well-mannered girl. He stops believing words. One day he even challenges his former friend to a duel. best friend to protect the honor of his beloved. Shvabrin cheated and wounded Grinev when he was distracted by Savelich’s scream.
After the duel, Peter and Maria decide to get married. True, Grinev’s parents did not approve of their son’s choice, because they received from Shvabrin about the duel and Peter’s injury.
This event completely destroyed the friendship of the two young people. Although they were very similar to each other, the only thing that distinguished them was their moral level of development. Over time, Grinev learns that all the dirty reviews about Masha were Shvabrin’s revenge for the fact that the girl rejected the advances of the young officer.
All the insignificance of Shvabrin’s personality was revealed during the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by Pugachev’s rebels. He immediately went over to Pugachev’s side. Having become the commandant of the fortress, he wanted to take advantage of the situation and force Maria to marry him, but an accident intervened, which saved the girl.
Much to Grinev’s surprise, he recognized Pugachev. It was he who helped the main character and Savelich get out of the snowstorm. It was for this that Peter presented Pugachev with a hare sheepskin coat. This act remained in Pugachev’s memory, which later affected good attitude to Grinev. The main character remained faithful to the oath, he did not recognize the true power in the rebels and openly declared that he was ready to fight for the empress to the last drop of blood.
Over time, Grinev radically changes his opinion about Pugachev. If at the beginning of the uprising he acted as a robber and impostor who achieves his goal by any means, then later we see wise man with his own philosophy of life, which was contained in Kalmyk fairy tale. But all the same, Peter could not accept this philosophy, it was not clear to him. Even Pugachev’s act of saving Maria from Shvabrin’s atrocities did not affect this. Later he releases his lovers from the fortress.
Thus, while in the Belogorsk fortress, Pyotr Grinev passed the test of friendship, love, and loyalty to his homeland. It should be noted that he passed them with honor. Now he was no longer a “green” boy, but a real officer, ready at any moment to perform a feat for the sake of his family, homeland, and empress.
Grinev in the Belogorsk fortress.
The main character of the story is Peter Grinev. He appears before us as a young man from a poor noble family. His father, Andrei Petrovich Grinev, was a simple military man. Even before his birth, Grinev was enrolled in the regiment. Peter was educated at home. At first he was taught by Savelich, a faithful servant. Later, a Frenchman was specially hired for him. But instead of gaining knowledge, Peter chased pigeons. According to established tradition, noble children had to serve. So Grinev’s father sent him to serve, but not in the elite Semyonovsky regiment, as Peter thought, but in Orenburg, so that his son would experience real life, so that he would become a soldier, and not a shamaton.
But fate threw Petrusha not just to Orenburg, but to the distant Belogorsk fortress, which was an old village with wooden houses, surrounded by a log fence. The only weapon was an old cannon, and it was filled with rubbish. The entire team of the fortress consisted of disabled people. Such a fortress made a depressing impression on Grinev. Peter was very upset...
But gradually life in the fortress becomes bearable. Peter becomes close to the family of Captain Mironov, the commandant of the fortress. He is accepted there as a son and taken care of. Soon Peter falls in love with Maria Mironova, the daughter of the commandant of the fortress. His first love turned out to be mutual, and everything seemed fine. But then it turns out that Shvabrin, an officer exiled to the fortress for a duel, had already wooed Masha, but Maria refused him, and Shvabrin takes revenge by denigrating the girl’s name. Grinev stands up for the honor of his beloved girl and challenges Shvabrin to a duel, where he is wounded. After recovery, Peter asks his parents for his parents’ blessing to marry Mary, but his father, angry at the news of the duel, refuses him, reproaching him for this and saying that Peter is still young and stupid. Masha, passionately loving Peter, does not agree to marriage without the blessing of her parents. Grinev is very upset and upset. Maria tries to avoid him. He no longer visits the commandant's family, life becomes more and more unbearable for him.
But at this time the Belogorsk fortress is in danger. The Pugachev army approaches the walls of the fortress and quickly captures it. All residents immediately recognize Pugachev as their emperor, except for commandant Mironov and Ivan Ignatich. They were hanged for disobedience to the “one and true emperor.” It was Grinev’s turn; he was immediately led to the gallows. Peter walked forward, looked death in the face boldly and courageously, preparing to die. But then Savelich threw himself at Pugachev’s feet and stood up for the boyar’s child. Emelyan ordered Grinev to be brought to him and ordered him to kiss his hand, recognizing his power. But Peter did not break his word and remained faithful to Empress Catherine II. Pugachev got angry, but remembering the hare sheepskin coat given to him, he generously released Grinev. Soon they met again. Grinev was traveling from Orenburg to save Masha from Shvabrin when the Cossacks caught him and took him to Pugachev’s “palace”. Having learned about their love and that Shvabrin was forcing a poor orphan to marry him, Emelyan decided to go to the fortress with Grinev to help the orphan. When Pugachev found out that the orphan was the commandant’s daughter, he got angry, but then he released Masha and Grinev, keeping his word: “To execute like this, to execute like this, to favor like that: that’s my custom.”
The Belogorsk fortress greatly influenced Peter. From an inexperienced youth, Grinev turns into a young man capable of protecting his love, maintaining loyalty and honor, and able to judge people sensibly. \