Features of the language of the story by N.S. Leskova "Lefty".
- O.N.U.
- Checking d/z ( Verification work according to the text)
- Vocabulary work (slide 1). Introduction to the topic of the lesson
On the board are words from the text of the work. Let's read them.
Kunstkamera – museum, collection of rare things;
Kizlyarka – grape sour wine;
Nymphosoria – something outlandish, microscopic;
Danse - dance;
Melkoscope - microscope;
Whistling - messengers sent to convey news;
Tugament – document;
Ozyamchik - peasant clothing like a coat;
Grandevu – meeting, date;
Dolbitsa - table.
These words are ordinary, do we use them in our speech?
How can you characterize and name these words?
Now, having answered my questions, think about what is the topic of our lesson?
Let's write down the topic of our lesson: Features of the language of the story by N.S. Leskova "Lefty"(slide 2).
What is the purpose of our lesson? (emphasize on genre features skaz, on the connection between skaz and folk art; comprehend the originality of Leskov’s depiction of the peculiarities of Russian national character).
4. Work on the topic of the lesson
1) Conversation
Why are there so many unusual, distorted words in the text of the work?
(The narrator is a simple person, illiterate, who changes foreign words to make it “more understandable.” Many words acquired a humorous meaning in the spirit of popular understanding.)
(The author’s unusual style and manner of narration give the work originality).
What elements folklore works you noticed?
(Initiation : the king “wanted to travel around Europe and see wonders in different states; replays : the emperor is surprised by miracles, and Platov remains indifferent to them; motive roads: “got into the carriage and drove off”; the ending of the tale contains edification: “And if they had brought Levsha’s words to the sovereign in due time, the war with the enemy in Crimea would have taken a completely different turn”).
The plot of the work is simple. Yuri Nagibin defines it this way: “The British made a flea out of steel, but our Tula people shod it and sent it back to them.”
Say that....
What is the plot of a work of art?
2) Game “Scattered Postcards” (slide 3).
Here are illustrations that depict the main episodes from the work. Restore the plot sequence.
“The British give the Russian Emperor a flea”
“Nikolai Pavlovich sends Platov to Tula”
"The work of Tula masters"
"Lefty at the Royal Reception"
"Lefty in England"
“The return of Lefty to St. Petersburg and his inglorious death”
(correct placement of pictures - 3,1, 2, 5, 4, 6)
3) Working with a table
Let's observe the language of the tale. Draw a table (slide 4).
Find in the text: colloquialisms, outdated words, borrowed words, phraseological units (filling out the table)
5. Summing up. Reflection
What conclusions can we draw about the language of the tale?
Write in your notebook:
- vocabulary is widely used conversational style
- many incomplete sentences, particles, addresses, interjections, introductory words
- the author resorts to a variety of means artistic expressiveness, but gives preference that are inherentoral folk creativity
6. D/task make a crossword puzzle based on the tale “Lefty”
The first writer who comes to his mind is, of course, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. The second portrait that appears before the inner gaze of the domestic bookworm is the face of Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy. But there is one classic who, as a rule, is forgotten in this context (or not mentioned so often) - Nikolai Semenovich Leskov. Meanwhile, his works are also saturated with the “Russian spirit,” and they also reveal not only the peculiarities of the Russian national character, but also the specifics of all Russian life.
In this sense, Leskov’s story “Lefty” stands apart. It reproduces with extraordinary accuracy and depth all the flaws in the structure of domestic life and all the heroism of the Russian people. People, as a rule, now do not have time to read the collected works of Dostoevsky or Tolstoy, but they should find time to open a book on the cover of which it is written: N. S. Leskov “Lefty”.
Plot
The story supposedly begins in 1815. Emperor Alexander the First, on a voyage across Europe, also visits England. The British really want to surprise the Emperor, and at the same time show off the skills of their craftsmen, and for several days they take him around different rooms and show him all sorts of amazing things, but the main thing they have in store for the finale is a filigree work: a steel flea that can dance. Moreover, it is so small that without a microscope it is impossible to see it. Our Tsar was very surprised, but his accompanying Don Cossack Platov was not at all. On the contrary, he kept bawling that ours could do no worse.
He soon died, and ascended the throne who accidentally discovered a strange thing and decided to check Platov’s words by sending him to visit the Tula masters. The Cossack arrived, instructed the gunsmiths and went home, promising to return in two weeks.
The masters, including Lefty, retired to the house of the main character of the tale and worked there for two weeks, until Platov returned. Local residents heard the constant knocking, but the craftsmen themselves never left Lefty’s house during this time. They became recluses until the work was done.
Platov arrives. They bring him the same flea in a box. He furiously throws the first craftsman he came across into the carriage (he turned out to be left-handed) and goes to St. Petersburg to see the Tsar “on the carpet.” Of course, Lefty did not get to the king right away; he was first beaten and kept in prison for a short time.
The flea appears before the bright eyes of the monarch. He looks and looks at her and cannot understand what the Tula people did. Both the sovereign and his courtiers struggled with the secret, then the Tsar-Father ordered to invite Lefty, and he told him that he should take and look not at the whole flea, but only at its legs. No sooner said than done. It turned out that the Tula people had shoed the English flea.
Immediately the wonder was returned to the British, and in words something like the following was conveyed: “We, too, can do something.” Here we will pause in the plot presentation and talk about what the image of Lefty is in the tale of N. S. Leskov.
Lefty: between the gunsmith and the holy fool
Lefty’s appearance testifies to his “superiority”: “he’s left-handed with an oblique look, the hair on his cheek and temples was torn out during training.” When Lefty arrived to the Tsar, he was also dressed in a very peculiar way: “in shorts, one trouser leg is in a boot, the other is dangling, and the leg is old, the hooks are not fastened, they are lost, and the collar is torn.” He spoke to the king as he was, without observing manners and without fawning, if not on an equal footing with the sovereign, then certainly without fear of power.
People who are at least a little interested in history will recognize this portrait - this is a description of the ancient Russian holy fool; he was never afraid of anyone, because Christian Truth and God stood behind him.
Dialogue between Lefty and the British. Continuation of the story
After a short digression, let’s turn again to the plot, but at the same time let’s not forget the image of Lefty in Leskov’s tale.
The British were so delighted with the work that they demanded that the master be brought to them without hesitating for a second. The king respected the British, equipped Lefty and sent him with an escort to them. In the protagonist's voyage to England there are two important points: conversation with the British (Leskov’s story “Lefty” is perhaps the most interesting in this part) and the fact that, unlike Russians, our ancestors do not clean the barrel of guns with bricks.
Why did the British want to keep Lefty?
The Russian land is full of nuggets, and they are not paid attention to special attention, but in Europe they immediately see “diamonds in the rough.” The English elite, having once looked at Lefty, immediately realized that he was a genius, and the gentlemen decided to keep our man, teach him, clean him up, enrich him, but that was not the case!
Lefty told them that he didn’t want to stay in England, he didn’t want to study algebra, his education—the Gospel and the Half-Dream Book—was enough for him. He doesn't need money, nor women.
It was with difficulty that the left-handed man was persuaded to stay a little longer and look at Western technologies for the production of guns and other things. Newest technologies At that time, our craftsman was of little interest, but he was very attentive to the storage of old guns. Studying them, Lefty realized: the British do not clean the barrel of their guns with bricks, which makes the guns more reliable in battle.
Despite this discovery, main character Skaz still felt very homesick for his homeland and asked the British to send him home as soon as possible. It was impossible to send by land, because Lefty did not know any languages other than Russian. It was also unsafe to sail on the sea in the fall, because it is restless at this time of year. And yet they equipped Lefty, and he sailed on a ship to the Fatherland.
During the journey, he found himself a drinking buddy, and they drank all the way, but not out of fun, but out of boredom and fear.
How bureaucracy killed a man
When friends on the ship were put ashore in St. Petersburg, the Englishman was sent to where everyone should be foreign citizens, - to the “messenger house”, and Lefty was allowed into the bureaucratic circles of hell in a sick state. They couldn’t admit him to any hospital in the city without documents, except the one where they were taken to die. Moreover, various officials said that Lefty should be helped, but here’s the problem: no one is responsible for anything and no one can do anything. So the left-handed man died in a hospital for the poor, and on his lips there was only one phrase: “Tell the Tsar Father that guns cannot be cleaned with bricks.” He nevertheless told it to one of the sovereign’s servants, but it never reached the Almighty. Can you guess why?
That's almost all on the topic “N.S. Leskov “Lefty”, brief content.”
The image of Lefty in Leskov’s tale and the model of the fate of a creative person in Russia
After reading the work of the Russian classic, a conclusion involuntarily arises: a creative, brilliant person simply has no hope of surviving in Russia. He will either be tortured by unchristian bureaucrats, or he will destroy himself from within, and not because he has some unresolved issues, but because Russian people are not able to simply live, his lot is to die, burning up in life like a meteorite in the earth’s atmosphere . This is how the image of Lefty in Leskov’s tale turns out to be contradictory: on the one hand, a genius and a craftsman, and on the other hand, a person with a serious destructive element inside, capable of self-destruction in conditions when you least expect it.
The action of the story "Lefty" takes place in Russian Empire during the reign of Tsars Alexander the First and Nikolai Pavlovich. The work contrasts the attitude of the emperors towards the Motherland and the achievements of the Russian people. In the story, the author noticeably sympathizes with Tsar Nikolai Pavlovich, as well as with the main character, the Tula master Leftsha, whose views are akin to the imperial ones. They are united by the belief that nothing is impossible for a Russian. The characterization of Lefty from Leskov’s story “Lefty” is an opportunity to understand the essence of a real simple Russian person.
Closeness to the people
With the main character of the work N.S. Leskov does not introduce us right away. For several chapters, it seems that the main character of the story is the Cossack Platov. The true protagonist appears as if by chance. Perhaps, the author did this deliberately in order to emphasize the essence of the character of Lefty from the story “Lefty” - he comes from the people and himself is their personification, with all his simplicity, naivety, indifference to wealth, great faith in Orthodoxy and devotion to the Fatherland. For the same purpose, the author does not give the hero a name. Lefty is one of three Tula craftsmen who were given the honor of making something like this to prove to Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich and the self-confident British what the Russian people are capable of.
The generality of the image of Lefty is emphasized not only by his namelessness, but also by a little information about him. As we read, we don't know anything about his age or family. Before us is only his laconic portrait: “Left-handed with an oblique face, a birthmark on his cheek, and the hair on his temples torn out during training.”
The great talent of a simple master
Despite his outward ugliness, Lefty has a great talent that amazed not only the Tsar himself, but also English craftsmen. Lefty, together with two other Tula craftsmen, managed to shoe a miniature flea without any special knowledge or equipment. In this case, Lefty got the most hard work– forge miniature nails for horseshoes.
The quality without which the characterization of Lefty from the story “Lefty” will be incomplete is the modesty of a brilliant master. The folk craftsman did not boast of his achievement and did not consider himself a hero, but simply conscientiously carried out the instructions of the sovereign, and also tried with all his heart to show what a Russian person was capable of. When Emperor Nicholas realized what the craftsmen's work was, which at first he could not see even through his small scope, he was surprised how they could do it without equipment. To which Lefty modestly replied: “We are poor people and due to our poverty we do not have a small scope, but our eyes are so focused.”
Indifference to wealth and comfort
Lefty also showed modesty and indifference to wealth during his trip to England. He did not agree to study abroad; promises of neither money nor fame convinced him. Lefty asked for one thing - to go home as soon as possible. This simplicity and modesty became the reason for the hero’s inglorious death, which no one knew about. He was embarrassed by the comfortable cabin and high society, so he spent the entire journey across the winter sea on the deck, which is why he got sick.
Arriving in St. Petersburg, he was unable to introduce himself and say that he was carrying out the tsar’s instructions. Therefore, he was robbed and was not admitted to any hospital except the simplest one for the poor, where he died. The author contrasted the image of Lefty with the Englishman who sailed with him, who was settled in a good hotel and cured. And Lefty died tragically because of his modesty and simplicity.
Lefty Character Traits
Love for the Motherland and a sense of responsibility to one’s state are the main character traits of Lefty. Last thought Master Lefty had the desire to convey to the Tsar at all costs that there is no need to clean guns with bricks. If he had been able to convey this, Russian military affairs would have been even more successful, but his request never reached the sovereign. Even dying, this simple Tula master remained true to his character, main feature who was primarily thinking about the Fatherland, and not about himself.
In the image of Lefty N.S. Leskov showed the full depth of the Russian person: naive, simple and even funny, but for whom there is nothing dearer than the Orthodox faith and native side. Devotion to the Motherland, responsibility for its future and great natural skill - these are the qualities that underlie the characteristics of the hero of the tale “Lefty”.
Work test
N.S. Leskov. Tale "Lefty". Features of the tale. Platov from Nicholas I. “Terrible secret” of Tula masters
Target:
acquaintance with the biography and work of the writer.
Tasks:
give an idea of the genre of the tale;
instilling a sense of pride in the talents with which the Russian land is rich, and in the patriotism of the people.
Introduction
Today we will meet with one of the most interesting Russian writers, Nikolai Semenovich Leskov, whose work we are addressing for the first time. But about him famous hero, Lefty, you've probably heard. This is a hero with light hand writer, received independent life. “The modern reader lives with the feeling that the legend of steel flea, savvy by a Russian craftsman, “has always been”... This story appears in our minds with the word “flea”, with the word “left-handed”, with the word “Tula”; it is the first one that comes to mind at the name of its author...it is “Flea” that jumps to the surface of memory at the mere name of Leskov.”
(L.A. Anninsky)
Biography
The birthplace of Nikolai Semenovich Leskov is the city of Orel.
http://www.2do2go.ru/uploads/full/d98e6eb01399a70b15feda98312a9111_w960_h2048.jpg House-Museum of N.S. Leskov in Orel.
"By my origin I belong to hereditary nobility Oryol province, but our nobility is young and insignificant, it was acquired by my father... Our family comes from the clergy. My grandfather and great-grandfather were priests in the village of Leski, Oryol province. From this village Leski left and found family name“The Leskovs..,” writes Nikolai Semenovich in his autobiography.
Father, Semyon Dmitrievich, “did not become a priest.” This upset my grandfather very much and almost brought him to his grave...
Kicked out of the house by his grandfather for refusing to enter the clergy, his father fled to the city of Orel, where he began teaching children to the landowner Mikhail Andreevich Strakhov. An excellent mind and honesty were an excellent feature of his long-suffering life.
Nikolai Semenovich was born on February 16, 1831 in the village of Gorokhov, not far from Orel. “We lived in a tiny house, which consisted of one large peasant log house, plastered inside and covered with straw,” recalls our future writer. In the village he lived in complete freedom, which he used as he wished. His peers were peasant children, with whom he lived and got along soul to soul. He knew the everyday life of the people down to the smallest detail.
In the Strakhovs' house, young Leskov learned how to behave decently in society, did not shy away from people and had decent manners - he answered politely, bowed decently and early learned to chat in French. He studied at the Oryol gymnasium.
When N.S. Leskov was 17 years old, his father died of cholera, and the future writer had to work and serve. He moves to Kyiv to live with his uncle, where he lives and works. In Kyiv, he is caught by significant changes for the era: the death of Nicholas II, the lifting of many prohibitions, a harbinger of future reforms, from which they expected more than they brought.
The new era caused a rise in commercial and industrial activity, which required educated, enterprising people, and Leskov began working in a commercial enterprise, for which he moved to the Penza province in 1857.
For 3 years he traveled all over Russia. Later, in response to a newspaper reporter's question: "Where do you get your material for your writing?" Leskov pointed to his forehead: “From this chest. Here are the impressions of my commercial service, when I had to travel around Russia on business, this is the most best time my life, when I saw a lot and lived easily.”
So, we got acquainted with the biography of the most famous Russian writer of the 19th century, N.S. Leskov.
Leskov came to literature as a thirty-year-old with a wealth of experience.
“The Tale of the Tula Oblique Left-Hander and the Steel Flea” (1881) “belongs to the masterpieces of Leskov’s creativity,” according to Yuri Nagibin.
In the first creations, “The Tale ...” had a preface:
“I wrote down this legend in Sestronetsk according to the tale of an old gunsmith. I was interested in this question of the origin of the joke about how “the British made a flea out of steel, and our Tula people shod it and sent it back to them.” But soon the author himself “exposed himself: “I composed the whole story in May last year, and Lefty is a person I invented.”
http://img0.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/c/7/95/762/95762484_008_Kosoy_Levsha.jpg
Why do you think Leskov referred to the story of the old gunsmith? (He wanted the legend of the left-hander to exist among the people in order to create the illusion of his non-involvement in history).
The writer himself determined the genre of his story: it is a tale.
Let's look into the dictionary: “A tale is a genre of epic based on folk legends and legends. The narration is told on behalf of the narrator, a person with a special character and style of speech.”
The tale takes place in Russia and England shortly after the Napoleonic War. Alexander's trip with Platonov to London - historical fact. The Decembrist uprising of 1825 is mentioned.
Linguistics of tale
The narrator of the tale is most likely a simple person, a craftsman, a craftsman. In his speech there are many irregularities, colloquialisms, inversions, historical characters - Alexander 1 and Platov - are shown from the point of view of a commoner.
When you read the tale “Lefty”, did you notice new, unusual words?
Have you ever wondered how they are formed?
New words are formed when the narrator or character encounters unfamiliar ones illiterate person words and changes them so that it is “clearer”.
For example:
Melkoscope - microscope,
Dolbitsa - table,
Double - double,
Kemalid pyramids.
The textbook has an interpretation of these words. What are the number of similar words in the text? How do you think? What elements of folklore did you notice in the tale?
There is a beginning, repetitions. The ending contains edification: “And if they had brought Levsha’s words to the sovereign in due time, the war with the enemy in Crimea would have taken a completely different turn.”
What proverb do you think N.S.’s tale “grew” from? Leskova? (The master's work is afraid)
Platov from Nicholas I. The secret of the Tula masters
Commented reading
Chapter Four
Reading this chapter, let us pay attention to the characterization of Nikolai Pavlovich: “Sovereign Nikolai Pavlovich was very confident in his Russian people and did not like to yield to any foreigner...” The Emperor says to Platov: “... show my Tula masters this nymphosoria, and let them they'll think about her. Tell them from me that my brother was surprised at this thing and praised the strangers who did the nymphosoria most of all, but I hope for my own people that they are no worse than anyone. They won’t let my word slip and will do something.”
Chapter Five
We see that Platov “wiggles his mind” and does not fully trust the Tula masters: “... I believe you, but just be careful not to replace the diamond and spoil the fine English work, but don’t bother for long...”
Platov’s appeal to the Tula people is very revealing: “What should we do now, Orthodox?” In Europe and in Russia to this day there is one religion - Christianity, but in Russia Christianity is Orthodox, and in Europe it is Catholic. Both considered their faith to be the only correct one and were wary of each other.
Chapter Six
Let us highlight the phrase with which the narrator characterizes the Tula people who took on unprecedented work: “... skillful people on whom the hope of the nation now rested.”
Chapter Seven
—Where did the three masters disappear from the city? Who did they go to worship?
— What tricks did the Tula people resort to to find out the secret of the masters?
When reading this chapter, it is important for the teacher to show the fabulousness of the description of the work of the masters, the loving and affectionate intonation of the narrator, who talks about how “thin hammers tap out ringing anvils.”
— How do you think the author himself feels about the Tula masters?
In this chapter, the views of the author and the narrator coincide.
Chapter Eight
The teacher should pay special attention to this chapter: in it the positions of the narrator and the author diverge. After reading the chapter, let students pay attention to last paragraph:
“So at that time everything was required very accurately and quickly, so that not a single minute was wasted for Russian usefulness.”
— How does the narrator feel about the fact that Platov was driving “very hastily and with ceremony”?
The narrator approves of this and considers it a sign of concern for the benefit of the matter.
— How do you think the author feels about Platov’s “incentive measures”?
— How does the author’s position differ from the narrator’s point of view? Why?
Chapter Nine
— What happened in the masters’ “husband” due to “restless work”?
— What were the ambassadors afraid of, hurrying the masters?
Chapter Ten
The events described in it add new touches to Platov’s characterization. Rudeness, disrespect to the common man, distrust of the Russian masters, whom Platov so defended in England, change the attitude towards this hero.
Image of Ataman Platov
Leskov portrayed General Platov Don Cossack with a “horny” nose, in a “shaggy burka” and wide trousers, who endlessly smokes a root pipe and drinks glasses of “vodka-kislarka.”
The main thing in Platov’s character is the firm belief that everything Russian is the best, that the sovereign and the Russian people should love Russia and believe in its people and not be tempted by everything foreign. A remarkable episode is when Platov picks the lock of an amazing pistol and shows the inscription on the dog: “Ivan Moskvin in the city of Tula.”
The author laughs at appearance Platov, over his habits, over attempts to defend Russian honor, when he invites the British to come to Russia and drink tea “with the real word of the Bobrinsky plant”, over how Platov put a small scope in his pocket, which belongs “here”.
The author does not accept and rejects the way Platov treats his subordinates and the Tula masters, including the left-handed man. In the eighth chapter, N. S. Leskov describes how Platov rode to the Don and back: hastily and “with ceremony,” and in this description one can feel the author’s indignation. Readers are outraged by how Platov shows his fist to the masters, how he grabs a left-handed man and throws him into his carriage. “Sit,” he says, “here it’s like a pub all the way to St. Petersburg, you’ll answer me for everyone.” Platov, who was not timid in any battle, suddenly appears before us as a coward when he hides a box with a flea behind the stove and does not believe that Tula masters not disgraced. However, Platov finds the honesty and courage to apologize to the left-hander for pulling him by the hair.
Let's read what is reported about Platov in Encyclopedic Dictionary(6th question, p. 292, part 1 of the textbook). Matvey Ivanovich Platov and Ataman Platov from Leskov’s tale are not the same person.
In fact, Matvey Ivanovich Platov was a count, general, educated person. The portrait that N. S. Leskov painted does not correspond to the real General M. I. Platov, who died seven years before the death of Alexander I and could not meet with Tsar Nicholas I.
The image created by N. S. Leskov corresponded to the people’s ideas about what a Cossack ataman should be: decisive, truthful, harsh, rude, but devoted to his Tsar and the Fatherland.
For the curious
“If I had at least one such master in Russia, I would be very happy and proud of it, and I immediately made that master noble.”
(Emperor Alexander Pavlovich)
The emperor's dream came true: there were and are masters in Rus'. Modern Lefty writes icons on rice grains.
The Moscow Museum of Book Signs is hosting an exhibition “Graphics”. Of particular interest are the icons-engravings of Andrei Rykovanov from Omsk. The modern “Lefty” makes them using grains of rice. His name is included in the Guinness Book of Records...
http://www.kulturologia.ru/blogs/050110/11884/ Masterpieces on cut rice grains. Paintings by Andrey Rykovanov
In 23 museums across the country there are microminiatures of folk craftsman Mikhail Maslyuk.
His main works are “invisible” works, each of which is less than tenths of dust particles hanging in the air. Only with a strong microscope can you see a car in comparison with a mosquito sting. It can accommodate 1,200 of these cars in 4 rows. Under the strongest microscope there is a steam locomotive 20 million times smaller than a poppy seed...
More than 500 micro-masterpieces were created by the honored master folk art- Mikhail Grigorievich Maslyuk
Lesson conclusion
...Our land is famous for its people,
In which there is hope, in which there is salvation.
These words famous poet R. Rozhdestvensky can be attributed to all the “masters”, talents of our Russian land, including writer - Nikolai Semenovich Leskov.
SOURCE
http://infourok.ru/material.html?mid=64628
http://old.prosv.ru/ebooks/eremina_uroki-literaturi_6kl/3.html
http://ppt4web.ru/uploads/ppt/1402/52f9ac9c13d2bc84cffd414c9e203cce.ppt
http://www.school-city.by/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1661&Itemid=137
Development of a lesson on literature on the topic “N.S. Leskov “Lefty”. The concept of the genre of a tale. Lexical features of a tale by N.S. Leskov”
Goals and objectives: expanding knowledge about the life and work of N. S. Leskov; developing text analysis skills, working with vocabulary, practicing dictionary search skills desired value; development of monologue speech of students, to interest students in the unusualness of the narrative, nurturing a love for words, for the folk speech of heroes.
1. Organizational moment
Communicating the topic and purpose of the lesson.
2. Lesson progress
Preparation for perception.
1) Brief information from the biography of N.S. Leskova. A prepared student speaks. slide 1
Nikolay Semyonovich Leskov – Russian writer XIX century, according to many the most national writer of Russia. Leskov was born on February 4 (16), 1831 in the village of Gorokhovo (Oryol province) in a spiritual environment. The writer's father was an official of the criminal chamber, and his mother was a noblewoman. Nikolai spent his childhood years on the family estate in Orel. In 1839 the Leskov family moved to the village of Panino. Life in the village left its mark on the writer’s work. He studied the people through everyday life and conversations, and also considered himself one of the people.
From 1841 to 1846 Leskov attended the Oryol gymnasium. In 1948, he lost his father, and their family property burned down in a fire. Around this time, he entered the service of the criminal chamber, where he collected a lot of material for his future works. A year later he was transferred to the treasury chamber of Kyiv. There he lived with his uncle S.P. Alferev. In Kyiv, in his free time from work, he attended lectures at the university, was interested in icon painting and the Polish language, and also attended religious and philosophical circles and communicated a lot with Old Believers. During this period, his interest in Ukrainian culture awoke.
In 1857, Leskov resigned and entered the service of A. Y. Scott - English husband his aunt. While working for Schcott & Wilkens, he gained extensive experience in many sectors, including industrial and Agriculture. He first showed himself as a publicist in 1860. A year later he moved to St. Petersburg and decided to devote himself literary activity. His works began to appear in Otechestvennye zapiski. Many of his stories were based on knowledge of Russian original life, and were imbued with sincere participation in the needs of the people.
In his stories, Leskov also tried to show tragic fate Russia and its unpreparedness for the revolution. In this regard, he was in conflict with revolutionary democrats. Much has changed in the writer’s work after meeting Leo Tolstoy. National-historical issues also appeared in his works of 1870-1880. During these years, he wrote several novels and stories about artists. Leskov has always admired the breadth of the Russian soul, and this theme is reflected in the story “Lefty.” The writer died on February 21 (March 5), 1895 in St. Petersburg.
2) The teacher's word. The history of the creation of "Lefty". slide 2
Tale Nikolai Leskov was written and published in1881 .
First published in the magazine “Rus”, in 1881, No. 49, 50 and 51 under the title “The Tale of the Tula Oblique Lefty and the Steel Flea (Workshop Legend).” First published as a separate edition in 1882. When published in Rus, as well as in a separate edition, the story was accompanied by a preface:
“I cannot say where exactly the first breeding of the fable about the steel flea was born, that is, whether it started inThule , on Izhme or in Sestroretsk , but obviously she came from one of these places. In any case, the tale of the steel flea is a specifically gunsmith legend, and it expresses the pride of Russian gunsmiths. It depicts the struggle of our masters with the English masters, from which ours emerged victorious and the English were completely shamed and humiliated. Some secret reason is revealed heremilitary failures in Crimea . I wrote down this legend in Sestroretsk according to a local tale from an old gunsmith, a Tula native who moved toSister River during the reign of the emperorAlexander the First . The narrator two years ago was still in good health and with a fresh memory; he readily recalled the old days, greatly honored the sovereignNikolai Pavlovich , lived “according to the old faith,” read divine books and raised canaries. People treated him with respect."
Nikolai Semenovich himself defined the genre of his work as a tale. What is it?
A tale is a storytelling principle based on imitation of the speech manner of the character-storyteller, lexically, syntactically, and intonationally oriented towards oral speech.The narration is told on behalf of the narrator, a person with a special character and style of speech. slide 3
Perception. Now let’s turn directly to the work itself and find the lexical features. The first interesting phrase we come across is internecine conversations. Let's see the meaning of this word in explanatory dictionary.
The meaning of the word Internecine according to Efremova:
Interstitial - 1. Correlative in meaning. with noun:civil strife,
civil strife,
connected
with them.
In Ozhegov’s dictionary we find the meaning of the word - (usually about antiquity, the distant past)disagreement
,
discord
between any social groups in the state.
This interpretation does not fit our text. How to determine the value? To do this, let's get acquainted with the concept of folk etymology.
Folk etymology is falseetymology , lexical association arising under the influencevernacular ; in the future it can also be perceived in literary language. slide 4
Let's think about what associations this word could have arisen from.
Student answers: internecine conversations - conversations among themselves.
And now you will begin to compile an explanatory and etymological dictionary on your own. Divide the notebook into 2 columns, in the first column write words that have a definition in a proper dictionary, in the second - those that do not. (The class can be divided into 2 groups, one works on 1 chapter, the other on the second. It is better for children to work in pairs, using Mobile Internet and online dictionaries)
Before writing an interpretation of a word, children are asked to think about which words could form new concepts.
Interpretation. Conversation on questions:
Why are there so many unusual, distorted words in the text of the work?
Suggested answer: The narrator is a simple person, illiterate, who changes foreign words to make it “more understandable.” Many words acquired a humorous meaning in the spirit of popular understanding.
What do you think of the characters' speech?
Suggested answer: The speech of the characters is unusual and unusual for modern reader due to the widespread use of words of folk etymological origin.
3. Lesson summary. Reflection.
Continue with suggestions.
I met.....(creative biography of N.S. Leskov)
I learned about....(the story of the creation of "Lefty")
I remembered new terms...(tale, folk etymology)
I especially liked it..
4.Homework.
Continue compiling the dictionary for the next chapters.
1) Lesson No. 2 can be started by checking the assimilation of the meaning of new words.
Indicate the numbers of words whose interpretation there is an error.
1) escorts - One who accompanies someone
2) coven - It's enough, it's over,That's it.
3) nymphosoria - a type of ciliate, a single-celled organism
4) dayman - day duty officer.
5) agitation - agitation
6) Folding - folding icon
7) Ceramides - Egyptian pyramids.
Correlate words and realities (of an object or a picture of this object) when interpreting lexical meaning words.
Ceramides |
|
Merblue montons |
|
Nymphosoria |
|
Folding. |
|
pistol |
To complicate the task, you can not give words in the right column, but ask students to choose them themselves.
2) As homework You can give a crossword puzzle.
3) In lesson No. 3, to consolidate your knowledge of new words, you can solve a couple of the most successful crossword puzzles.
Crossword. Sample. Work by Yulia Vodopyanova (6th grade, 2015)
Questions:
1. This type of clothing was made from camel hair
2. What was the name of the sea on which Lefty sailed on the ship?
4. The meaning of this word is explained as to confuse, put in an awkward position.
5. Device for looking at small objects
6.This is the name of the food warehouse.
7.Determination of a hump nose
8. They are the main attraction of Egypt
9. The text contains a synonym for the word expectation.
10 Name of the wine drink.
4) After a more detailed conversation about the tale genre, give the children creative task, come up with your own story. Example of work by a 6th grade student.
A story about how a grandmother attended a competition in rhythmic gymnastics.
One day my neighbor’s granddaughter called my neighbor in the village on her sotel (cell phone) and invited her to her rhythmic gymnastics performance. She is a group member (performs in group exercises). Granny went to the railway station, took a ticket and went to the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
Her granddaughter performed at the Olympic Reserve School. Granny entered the hall and there were tons of people. She sat down and began to wait (wait). Here the girls came out in bright, beautiful bodysuits (a swimsuit on the body), with face paint like Seryozha Zersky’s (Zverev). The music started playing. The girls began to perform various tricks (throwing their legs high, behind their ears), throwing clubs up. It took my grandma's breath away. The routine was performed flawlessly (without mistakes or falls). We won.
Folk etymology is a false etymology, a lexical association arising under the influence of vernacular; in the future it can also be perceived in literary language.
table Words recorded in the explanatory dictionary The first chapter guides - Someone who accompanies someone (according to S.I. Ozhegov’s dictionary http://tolkslovar.ru /) coven - Enough, it’s over, that’s it. (according to the dictionary of Efremova T.F.) kunstkamera - Museum, collection of rarities, outlandish objects (Ozhegov) burka - Men's clothing in the form of a long cape made of thin felt, expanding at the bottom. dayman - a soldier (sailor) who was attached to a general (admiral) or officer as a government servant Folding - a folding icon The second chapter began to gasp and complain. (according to the dictionary of Ushakov D.N. http://www.classes.ru/) to confuse - to embarrass, to embarrass, to put in an awkward position Words of folk etymological origin The first chapter of the tseygauz (tseykhgauz) - a coffin-like military clothing warehouse ( humpbacked) Kislyarka (Kizlyarka) - low-quality grape vodka produced in the city of Kizlyar in the Caucasus Internecine conversations - here in the sense of “conversations among themselves” The second chapter two-seater carriage (double) Abolon Polvedere (Apollo Belvedere) bustters (chandeliers) - a combination of words “ busts" and "chandeliers" storm meters (barometer) from the association with the words - to measure a storm merbluzy (camel) instead of "camel"; a combination of the words “freeze” and “camel”