The history of the conquest of the deepest point of the World Ocean is inextricably linked with the name Swiss scientist Auguste Picard, physicist and inventor.
Auguste Picard, born into the family of a chemistry professor, became interested in aeronautics in the 1930s and developed the world's first stratospheric balloon - balloon with a spherical sealed aluminum gondola, allowing flights in the upper layers of the atmosphere while maintaining normal pressure inside.
On his device, Picard, who by that time was already 47 years old, made 27 flights, reaching an altitude of 23,000 meters.
Swiss scientist, physicist and inventor Auguste Picard, 1931. Photo: www.globallookpress.com
During his experiments with the stratospheric balloon, Piccard realized that the same principles could be used to conquer the depths of the sea. So the Swiss scientist began working on creating a device capable of diving to great depths.
Second World War interrupted the work of Auguste Picard. Although Switzerland remained a neutral country, scientific activity at that time it was seriously complicated there too.
However, in 1945, Auguste Picard completed the construction of a deep-sea vehicle called the bathyscaphe.
The Piccard bathyscaphe was a high-strength, pressurized steel crew pod that was attached to a large float filled with gasoline to provide positive buoyancy. For immersion, several tons of steel or cast iron ballast were used in the form of shot, held in bunkers by electromagnets. To reduce the speed of descent and for ascent, the electric current in the electromagnets was turned off, and part of the shot fell out. Such a mechanism ensured ascent even in the event of equipment failure, through certain time The batteries simply discharged and all the shot spilled out.
The bathyscaphe was named FNRS-2. FNRS stood for Belgian abbreviation National Fund Scientific Research(Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique), which financed Piccard's work.
It is curious that the name FNRS-1 was given to... the Picard stratospheric balloon. The scientist himself joked about this: “These devices are extremely similar to each other, although their purpose is opposite. Perhaps fate wanted to create this similarity precisely so that one scientist could work on the creation of both devices.”
Creation of Trieste
The first test dive of the FNRS-2 took place in Dakar on October 25, 1948, and the pilot of the bathyscaphe was, of course, its creator himself. True, no records were set that time - the device plunged only 25 meters.
Further work with the bathyscaphe turned out to be complicated by the fact that the Belgian foundation stopped funding. Auguste Piccard eventually sold FNRS-2 to the French Navy, whose specialists invited the scientist to build a new model of the bathyscaphe, called FNRS-3.
The ideas of bathyscaphes, meanwhile, captured the world, and new model intended to build in Italy. In 1952, Auguste Piccard, leaving FNRS-3 to French engineers, went to Italy to develop and build a bathyscaphe, called Trieste.
Bathyscaphe "Trieste". Photo: www.globallookpress.com
Trieste was launched in August 1953. In the work on the construction of the bathyscaphe, Auguste Piccard was helped by his son, Jacques Picard, who was to become the chief pilot of the new deep-sea vehicle.
In 1953-1957, Trieste carried out a series of successful dives in the Mediterranean Sea, and even reached a fantastic depth of 3100 meters at that time. Along with Jacques Piccard, the creator of the bathyscaphe himself, Auguste Piccard, who was 69 years old by that time, also took part in the first dives of the Trieste.
Project "Nekton"
Trieste's research work required serious investment. Each descent of the apparatus had to be supported by several escort vessels. The Picard bathyscaphe had to be towed to the dive site, since it did not have its own horizontal travel.
In 1958, Trieste was acquired by the US Navy, which showed interest in deep sea exploration. Jacques Picard also went to America with the apparatus, who was to teach American specialists how to operate the bathyscaphe.
The strength inherent in the design of the Trieste made it possible to dive to the maximum depths known in the World Ocean. At the same time, Jacques Picard himself noted that for most studies this is simply not required, since 99 percent of the bottom of the World Ocean is located at depths of no more than 6,000 meters. Picard’s correctness was confirmed by subsequent history - later deep-sea vehicles, including the famous Russian Mir-1 and Mir-2, were built specifically to reach a depth of about 6000 meters.
However, humanity loves to set maximum goals for itself, so it was decided to send the Trieste to conquer the deepest point of the World Ocean - the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean, the depth of which reaches 11 km.
Bathyscaphe "Trieste" before diving, January 23, 1960. Photo: Public Domain
This operation, in which US Navy forces were involved, was codenamed Project Nekton. To implement this, serious modifications to the device were carried out, in particular, a new, more durable gondola was manufactured in Germany at the Krupp plant.
At the end of 1959, the Trieste was delivered to the US naval base on the Pacific island of Guam. During the Second World War, the island was the scene of bloody battles, and by the time of the Nekton Project, at least one who did not consider the war over was still hiding in the jungle.
However, this did not in any way affect the preparation of the historical immersion. After several test descents of 5 km and 7 km (which was already a record for that time), the go-ahead was given for the so-called “Big Dive”.
"The Big Dive"
Here, however, a misunderstanding arose between Picard and the American side. The Americans said that Picard would not take part in the “Great Dive.” Perhaps the US Navy thought that historical achievement should be purely American, not American-Swiss.
Unable to convince his colleagues, Picard made a final argument - he took out the contract and showed a clause that stated that he had the right to participate in “special dives.” The American representatives did not dispute that the dive at 11 km was a special case, and allowed Picard to dive.
Mariana Trench. Photo: wikipedia.org/wallace
Picard himself later recalled that he persisted not just out of a desire to set a record - he dived on the Trieste more than 60 times, while his colleagues from the USA had a minimum number of independent dives.
The Trieste was towed to the launch point on the night of January 23, 1960. The weather was heavy and stormy, the bathyscaphe was battered due to rough seas, and Picard had to decide whether to dive or not. The Swiss gave the go-ahead.
On the morning of January 23, 1960, Jacques Picard and US Navy Lieutenant Don Walsh began the historical dive. Picard wrote that due to the characteristics of the upper layers of water in this place, they spent a lot of time diving to a depth of 300 meters. The speed at which they were diving suggested that the dive would last 30 hours, which was completely unrealistic. Fortunately, then the speed reached the calculated values.
At 13:06 on January 23, 1960, after five hours of diving, Picard and Walsh reached the bottom of the Mariana Trench at 10,919 meters. According to Picard, the accuracy of the measurements was plus or minus several tens of meters.
The historic descent of the Trieste resolved the question that tormented oceanologists: can complex organisms live at such depths. As soon as the apparatus reached the bottom, Picard and Walsh were “greeted” by a fish that looked like a stingray, caught in the beams of the bathyscaphe’s spotlight. Although Picard's statement was subsequently questioned due to the lack of documentary evidence.
The researchers stayed at the bottom for 20 minutes, after which the device returned to the surface within three hours. There Picard and Walsh fell into the arms of other participants in the historical project.
The creator of "Avatar" became the third in the abyss
Weather conditions and technical difficulties led to the fact that Picard and Walsh's dive to the bottom of the Mariana Trench became the only one within the framework of the Nekton Project. And for Jacques Piccard himself, it turned out to be a farewell one - from that moment on, the Trieste finally passed into the hands of US Navy specialists, and the Swiss no longer worked with it.
Jacques Picard, in a book dedicated to the historical dive, wrote that once a person reaches the bottom of the Mariana Trench, there will be nowhere else to set such records - all that remains is to go into space. The scientist was not mistaken: a little more than a year later, on April 12, 1961.
The Picards' family passion for invention was passed on to Jacques' son, Bertrand Piccard. In 1999, he became the first person to commit trip around the world on a balloon.
The bathyscaphe "Trieste" was part of the US Navy until 1963, and is now an exhibit of the naval historical center in Washington.
In 2012, director James Cameron reached the bottom of the Mariana Trench on the single-seat bathyscaphe Deepsea Challenger. Photo: www.globallookpress.com
From 1960 to 2012, no one except Picard and Walsh sank to the bottom of the Mariana Trench. In 2012, on the single-seat bathyscaphe Deepsea Challenger to the bottom of the Mariana Trench James Cameron, creator of Titanic and Avatar. It was on the set of Titanic, diving on the Russian Mir submersibles to the lost ship, that the director became interested in deep-sea diving. And in preparation for Cameron’s conquest of the bottom of the Mariana Trench, none other than Picard’s partner in the historical dive, Don Walsh, participated.
Today we will talk about the deepest oceanic place on the planet - the Mariana Trench and its deepest point - the Challenger Deep.
“The Mariana Trench (or Mariana Trench) is an oceanic deep-sea trench in the western Pacific Ocean, the deepest known on Earth. Named after the nearby Mariana Islands.
The deepest point of the Mariana Trench is the Challenger Deep. It is located in the southwestern part of the depression, 340 km southwest of the island of Guam (point coordinates: 11°22′N 142°35′E (G) (O)). According to measurements in 2011, its depth is 10,994 ± 40 m below sea level.
The deepest point of the depression, called the Challenger Deep, is further from sea level than Mount Everest is above it.”
Many people know from school that the depth of the Mariana Trench is 11 km, and this is the deepest place on the planet. However, with a slight amendment, it is the deepest known. That is, theoretically there could be even deeper depressions... but they are still unknown. Even the most high mountain in the world - Everest - can easily fit into the trench and there will still be room left.
The Mariana Trench is rich in records and titles: and it became famous not only for its depth, but also for its mystery, the terrible inhabitants of the underwater depths, the “monsters” guarding the bottom of the earth, mysteries, the unknown, primordiality, darkness, etc. In general, Space Inside Out is the bottom of the Mariana Trench. There are versions that life began in the Mariana Trench.
MARIANA TRENCH. PuzzlesMarianadepressions:
In the video they show and tell that at such a great depth the pressure is higher than from powder gases when fired from a hunting rifle, about 1100 times more than atmospheric pressure: 108.6 MPa (Mariana Trench - bottom) by 104 MPa (powder gases). Glass and wood turn into powder under such conditions.
Still, it is not clear then how there is life there and the ominous underwater monsters about which there are legends?
The length of the trench along the Mariana Islands is 1.5 km.
“It has a V-shaped profile: steep (7-9°) slopes, a flat bottom 1-5 km wide, which is divided by rapids into several closed depressions.
The depression is located at the junction of two tectonic plates, in the zone of movement along faults, where the Pacific plate goes under the Philippine plate.”
The Mariana Trench was discovered in 1875:
“The first measurements (and discovery) of the Mariana Trench were taken in 1875 from the British three-masted corvette Challenger. Then, with the help of a deep-sea lot, the depth was established at 8367 meters (with repeated sounding - 8184 m).
In 1951, an English expedition on the research vessel Challenger recorded a maximum depth of 10,863 meters using an echo sounder.”
Back in 1951, this point was given the name Challenger Deep.
Later, during several expeditions, the depth of the Mariana Trench was established to be more than 11 km; the last measurement (late 2011) recorded a depth of 10,994 m (+/- 40 m):
“According to the results of measurements carried out in 1957 during the 25th voyage of the Soviet research vessel “Vityaz” (headed by Alexey Dmitrievich Dobrovolsky), the maximum depth of the trench is 11,023 m (updated data, initially the depth was reported as 11,034 m).
On January 23, 1960, Don Walsh and Jacques Piccard dived in the bathyscaphe Trieste. They recorded a depth of 10,916 m, which also became known as the "Trieste depth".
The unmanned Japanese submarine Kaiko collected soil samples from this location in March 1995 and recorded a depth of 10,911 m.
On May 31, 2009, the unmanned submarine Nereus took soil samples at this location. The collected mud mostly consists of foraminifera. This dive recorded a depth of 10,902 m.
More than two years later, on December 7, 2011, researchers at the University of New Hampshire published the results of an underwater robot dive that recorded a depth of 10,994 m (+/- 40 m) using sound waves.
And yet, despite many obstacles, difficulties, and dangers, three people in the entire history of the Mariana Trench managed to reach the bottom, naturally, while in special devices. On March 26, 2012, director James Cameron single-handedly reached the bottom of the Abyss on the Deepsea Challenger.
Channel One's story "James Cameron - diving to the bottom of the Mariana Trench":
And here is Jace Cameron's film "Challenging the Abyss 3D|Journey to the Bottom of the Mariana Trench":
The film was created in collaboration with National Geographic, created in a documentary format. Before some of his box-office creations (like Titanic), the director also sank to the bottom of the depths to the place of events, so before his “visit” of the Mariana Trench in 2012, many were waiting for either a grandiose masterpiece, or a video with monsters living in the darkness of the ocean .
The film is a documentary, but the main thing is that Cameron did not see giant octopuses, monsters, “leviathans”, multi-headed creatures there, although for the first time he spent more than three hours at the bottom of the Mariana Trench. There were small marine derivatives no more than 2.5 cm... but those same outlandish flat fish, huge creatures that bite the steel cable were not there... although he was not there for 12 minutes.
To questions about whether the director saw any terrible creature at the bottom of the depression, he answered: “Probably everyone would like to hear that I saw some kind of sea monster, but it wasn’t there... There was nothing living, more than 2- 2.5 cm".
Public reaction to Cameron's film The Abyss was mixed. Some people thought the film was boring and could not be compared with his works like “Titanic”, “Avatar”, someone said that the film was real and in its “boringness” it showed the way of interaction between one of the seven billion people on the planet and the deepest abyss.
From reviews of the film:
“Of course, the content of the film can hardly be called exciting. Most of The viewer spends time in endless tedious meetings and tests in the laboratory. But I think this one is heavy and long haul from the dream to its implementation had to be shown. It is he who most inspires us to work for our idea.”
I mentioned the film precisely because the path that led the director to the creation of the creation is the basis for the interaction of the secrets of nature and mortal man.
People are frightened and attracted by the unknown, rebellion, depth, danger, mortality, mystery, eternity, loneliness, independence of the depths, distances, heights of nature. And the title of the film - “Challenge to the Abyss...” - is naturally not without reason: at a certain stage of potential development, a person either wants to touch the unknown, or completely forget about its existence, to live in everyday life.
Cameron, having the opportunity and zeal, decided to take this leap into depth. This is the desire to rise to a level close to God, and pride, and to perpetuate this abyss in oneself and to perpetuate oneself in the abyss, understanding the frailty of matter and much more.
Many people look in and are interested, some out of curiosity, some out of nothing to do. But only a few will dare to come close.
Let's remember famous saying F. Nietzsche: “If you gaze into an abyss for a long time, the abyss will begin to peer into you,” or another translation: “For a person who gazes into an abyss for a long time, the abyss begins to live in his eyes,” or full text quotes: “Whoever fights monsters should be careful not to become a monster himself. And if you look into the abyss for a long time, then the abyss also looks into you.” Here we are talking about dark sides soul and peace, if you attract evil, evil will attract you, although there are many interpretation options.
But the very words “abyss” and “abyss” imply something dangerous, dark, akin to the source of dark forces. There are a lot of legends around the Mariana Trench, legends that are far from good, whoever came up with anything: monsters live there, and monsters of unknown etiology can swallow alive deep-sea research vehicles with or without people, gnaw through 20-centimeter cables, and creepy devilish creatures seem to in hell they scurry between the black waves of the deep, terrify extremely rare human guests, and in circles discussing the deepest trench, versions are expressed that people who knew how to breathe under water used to live here, and almost life originated here, etc. People want to see darkness in this abyss. And, in general, they see her...
Before the conquest of the Mariana Abyss by Cameron, a similar attempt was made in 1960:
“On January 23, 1960, Jacques Piccard and US Navy Lieutenant Don Walsh dived into the Mariana Trench to a depth of 10,920 meters on the bathyscaphe Trieste. The dive took about 5 hours, and the time spent at the bottom was 12 minutes. This was an absolute depth record for manned and unmanned vehicles.
Two researchers then discovered at a terrible depth only 6 species of living creatures, including flat fish up to 30 cm in size.”
Whether the monsters were afraid of James Cameron, or they were not in the mood to pose for the camera that day, or whether there really was no one there, will remain a mystery, but during previous underwater expeditions, including those without the participation of people, they were discovered different shapes life, fish, never seen before, strange creatures, creatures that looked like monsters, giant octopuses. But let's not forget that “monsters” are just unexplored creatures.
Several times, vehicles without people descended into the depths of the Mariana Trench (with people only twice), for example, on May 31, 2009, the automatic underwater vehicle Nereus sank to the bottom of the Mariana Trench. According to measurements, it fell 10,902 meters below sea level. At the bottom, Nereus filmed a video, took some photographs, and even collected sediment samples at the bottom.
Here are some photos of those whom the expedition cameras met at the depths of the Mariana Trench:
The photo shows the bottom of the Mariana Trench:
“The mystery of the Mariana Trench. Great mysteries of the ocean." Ren-TV program.
Still, it remains a big mystery what is there, at the bottom of the Mariana Trench... They scare us in absentia with monsters, but in reality no one, in particular Cameron, who spent 3 hours at the bottom of the trench, discovered strange objects there... silence... depth... eternity.
And the most important questions are “how can monsters live there if there is enormous pressure at the bottom, no light, no oxygen??” Answer from scientific experts:
“The inexplicable and incomprehensible have always attracted people, which is why scientists all over the world want to answer the question: “What does the Mariana Trench hide in its depths?”
Can living organisms live at such great depths, and what should they look like, given the fact that huge masses are pressing on them? ocean waters, whose pressure exceeds 1100 atmospheres?
The challenges associated with exploring and understanding the creatures that live at these unimaginable depths are numerous, but human ingenuity knows no bounds. For a long time, oceanographers considered the hypothesis that life could exist at depths of more than 6,000 m in impenetrable darkness, under enormous pressure and at temperatures close to zero, to be crazy.
However, the results of research by scientists in the Pacific Ocean have shown that even in these depths, much below the 6000-meter mark, there are huge colonies of living organisms pogonophora ((pogonophora; from the Greek pogon - beard and phoros - bearing), a type of marine invertebrate animals living in long chitinous tubes open at both ends).
IN Lately The veil of secrecy was lifted by manned and automatic underwater vehicles made of heavy-duty materials, equipped with video cameras. The result was the discovery of a rich animal community consisting of both familiar and less familiar marine groups.
Thus, at depths of 6000 - 11000 km, the following were discovered:
- barophilic bacteria (developing only at high pressure);
- from protozoa - foraminifera (an order of protozoa of the subclass of rhizomes with a cytoplasmic body covered with a shell) and xenophyophores (barophilic bacteria from protozoa);
- from multicellular organisms - polychaete worms, isopods, amphipods, sea cucumbers, bivalves and gastropods.
At depths there is no sunlight, no algae, constant salinity, low temperatures, abundance of carbon dioxide, enormous hydrostatic pressure(increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters).
What do the inhabitants of the abyss eat?
The food sources of deep animals are bacteria, as well as the rain of “corpses” and organic detritus coming from above; deep animals are either blind, or with very developed eyes, often telescopic; many fish and cephalopods with photofluoride; in other forms the surface of the body or parts of it glow.
Therefore, the appearance of these animals is as terrible and incredible as the conditions in which they live. Among them are frightening-looking worms 1.5 meters long, without a mouth or anus, mutant octopuses, extraordinary sea stars and some soft-bodied creatures two meters long, which have not yet been identified at all.
Despite the fact that scientists have made a huge step in researching the Mariana Trench, the questions have not decreased, and new mysteries have appeared that have yet to be solved. And the ocean abyss knows how to keep its secrets. Will people be able to uncover them soon?”
The Mariana Trench, considering that it is the most famous deep point on the planet, has been studied too little; people have flown into space tens of times more, and we know more about space than about the bottom of the 11-kilometer trench. Probably everything is ahead...
There is a place on Earth about which we know much less than about distant space - mysterious ocean floor. It is believed that world science has not yet really even begun to study it.
On March 26, 2012, 50 years after the first dive, a man sank to the bottom again deepest depression on Earth: bathyscaphe Deepsea Challenge with Canadian director James Cameron sank to the bottom of the Mariana Trench. Cameron became the third person to reach the deepest point of the ocean and the first to do it alone.
Mariana Trench- the deepest trench on earth in the western Pacific Ocean. It stretches along the Mariana Islands for 2,500 km. The deepest point of the Mariana Trench is called "Challenger Deep". According to the latest surveys in 2011, its depth is 10,994 meters (±40 m) below sea level. By the way, the highest peak in the world, Everest, rises to a height of “only” 8,848 meters.
At the bottom of the Mariana Trench, water pressure reaches 1,072 atmospheres, i.e. 1,072 times normal atmospheric pressure. (Infographics ria.ru):
Half a century ago. Bathyscaphe "Trieste", designed by the Swiss scientist Auguste Picard, which made a record dive into the Mariana Trench in 1960:
On January 23, 1960, Jacques Piccard and US Navy Lieutenant Don Walsh dived into the Mariana Trench to a depth of 10,920 meters on the bathyscaphe Trieste. The dive took about 5 hours, and the time spent at the bottom was 12 minutes. This was an absolute depth record for manned and unmanned vehicles.
Two researchers then discovered at a terrible depth only 6 species of living creatures, including flat fish up to 30 cm in size:
Let's go back to the present day. This is the Deepsea Challenge Submersible, in which James Cameron sank to the bottom of the ocean. It was developed in an Australian laboratory, weighs 11 tons and is more than 7 meters long:
The dive began on March 26 at 05:15 am local time. Last words James Cameron's were: "Lower, lower, lower."
When diving to the bottom of the ocean, the bathyscaphe turns over and sinks vertically:
This is a real vertical torpedo that glides through a huge layer of water at high speed:
The compartment in which Cameron was located during the dive is a metal sphere with a diameter of 109 cm with thick walls capable of withstanding pressure of more than 1,000 atmospheres:
In the photograph, to the left of the director, a hatch covering the sphere is visible:
HD video. Dive:
James Cameron spent more than 3 hours at the bottom of the Mariana Trench, during which he took photographs and videos underwater world. The result of this underwater journey will be a joint film with National Geographic. The photo shows manipulators with cameras:
At a depth of 11 kilometers:
3D camera:
However, the underwater expedition was not entirely successful. Due to a malfunction metal "hands", controlled by hydraulics, James Cameron was unable to take samples from the ocean floor that scientists need to study geology:
Many were tormented by the question of animals that live at such monstrous depths. “Probably everyone would like to hear that I saw some kind of sea monster, but it wasn’t there... There was nothing alive, more than 2-2.5 cm.”
A few hours after the dive, the Deepsea Challenge bathyscaphe with the 57-year-old director successfully returned from the bottom of the Mariana Trench.
Lifting the bathyscaphe:
James Cameron - the first person in the world to make a solo dive into the abyss- to the bottom of Mariana. In the coming weeks it will descend to depth 4 more times.
The deepest place on Earth is an oceanic trench located near the Mariana Islands.
The Mariana Trench is located in the Pacific Ocean, east of the 14 Mariana Islands near Japan. As you probably already know, this is the deepest ocean trench and also the deepest place on Earth. It was created as a result of the opposition of two tectonic plates.
The deepest point in the Mariana Trench is considered to be the Challenger Deep point (which means “Challenging”), it is also the deepest point of the world’s oceans. According to various deep-sea research vehicles, the maximum recorded depth is 11,521 m.
The Mariana Trench was first explored in 1951 by the British naval vessel Challenger II, hence the name of the deepest point on Earth.
The first people to personally dive to the bottom of the Mariana Trench were Swiss oceanographer Jacques Picard and US soldier Don Walsh. This happened in January 1960 on a special round submersible called Trieste. The scientists were greatly surprised when, at such a great depth, they encountered flat fish and other living organisms. Later in 1995, a Japanese deep-sea vehicle dived to the point of maximum depth and recorded a distance from the bottom to the surface of 10,911.4 meters. According to the most recent studies in 2011, using the newest locators, the depth was named 10,994 meters. website - Interesting Facts about everything, read on and learn something new.
The size of the Mariana Trench is enormous; it extends along 1500 km. The width at the very bottom is only 1-5 km, the bottom is flat and surrounded by steep cliffs. The water pressure at the very bottom of the depression is 108.6 MPa, which in turn is 11,074 tons/m2, or 1,107 kg/cm2. 
For comparison, here are some facts.
123 meters. The record maximum diving depth for a person without scuba gear and breathing apparatus is 123 m. This record was achieved by a diver from Monaco and is officially registered.
100 m. The blue whale is the largest animal on earth and has a diving depth of no more than 100 meters.
1000 m. Below this mark no sunlight penetrates.
2000 m. The sperm whale is the only mammal that is capable of diving to a depth of two kilometers.
4000 m. Water pressure reaches 402 kg per cm2. Temperature environment no higher than +2 degrees. Fish are blind or have underdeveloped eyes.
6000 m. The pressure is 584 times greater than the pressure on the Earth's surface. Despite this, life exists here.
10994 m. Bottom of the Mariana Trench. There is a complete absence of light, water pressure is 1072 times higher than the surface pressure, 1 ton 74 kilograms presses per 1 square centimeter. Hellish conditions. But there is life here. Small fish similar to flounder up to 30 centimeters long.
Below we provide photographs of deep-sea fish. Most of these creatures live at depths between 500 and 6,500 meters. 
Do you think this monkfish fish has legs? I hasten to disappoint you. These are not legs at all, but two males that are stuck to the female. The fact is that at great depth and at complete absence It is very difficult for the world to find a partner. Therefore, as soon as a male monkfish finds a female, he immediately bites into her side. This hug will never be broken. Later, it fuses with the female’s body, loses all unnecessary organs, merges with her circulatory system and becomes only a source of sperm. Below is another photo of this fish.
This is a deep-sea octopus measuring only 20 cm. Its habitat depth is from 500 to 5000 meters. 
This is a fish with a transparent head. For what? At depth, as we know, there is very little light. The fish has developed a defense mechanism; its eyes are located in the center of the head so that they cannot be injured. In order to see, evolution has awarded this fish with a transparent head. The two green spheres are the eyes.
We hope you liked the photos of fish living in the depths of the Mariana Trench.