An important part of knowing any language is its orthoepy. This is the science that studies pronunciation. After all, it is she who gives the answer to the question of how to correctly place emphasis in various cases. In the absence of such knowledge, literate oral speech will not be possible. An incorrectly placed emphasis not only makes a person clumsy and funny in the eyes of his interlocutors, but it will also seriously complicate his communication processes, because in the end the word can simply change its meaning.
What is word stress?
Word stress is the emphasis on one syllable in a word using the voice. Pronouncing stressed vowels requires special stress on the speech organs, as well as phonation.
Advice
To understand where the emphasis should be placed, you need to pronounce the word interrogatively. A syllable pronounced with the most great strength, and is called shock.
Types of accents
Syntagmic stress
It highlights this or that word as part of the syntagma. There is also phrasal stress, highlighting the syntagma in the phrase and logical stress. It emphasizes a word to emphasize its dominance over others in a particular context.
Word stress
Verbal stresses have their own subtypes. Their division is made taking into account exactly what means or methods of presentation are used in a particular case. They are different for all languages. For example, today we distinguish tonic stress, when a stressed syllable is pronounced in a higher or lower tone. There is a noisy and forceful accent, when the main role is played by the strength of sound. As for quantitative stress, it is provided due to the time of its sound. Simply put, the duration changes at the right place. This subtype is also called quantitative. The qualitative variant of stress represents the loss of vowel sound reduction. You need to understand that several variations of acoustics can be combined with each other in the same type of stress. Yes and in different words ah from one sentence the stress may appear more pronounced, or, conversely, it may be almost unnoticed.
Accent notation
In addition to a number of features regarding production, there are also different ways their designations. For example, if we talk about the international phonetic alphabet, then stress is supposed to be indicated by a vertical line, or a line on top, right before the syllable. In Russian, stress is sometimes indicated by the sign “akut”, it is placed directly above the vowel letter. For English alphabet a stroke is used at the very end of the stressed word. In some dictionaries, stress is indicated only by a combination of bold and capital letters.
Stressed syllables in the Russian language have a much longer pronunciation compared to other parts of the word. As for the height of the vowel being emphasized, it can vary. Among the languages of the world there are many where the stress is always stable and fixed. A striking example of this would be French speech, which always highlights the last syllable in a word, but only when it is pronounced separately. If this is a whole phrase, then all words except the final one will be unstressed. Only the last syllable in a rhythmic group will be highlighted. For the Russian language there are no such patterns. The stress in Russian phrases can fall on any of the syllables. Moreover, it can even change in word forms. Therefore, placing accents correctly is rarely easy. And if a person is not a native speaker, he will make mistakes and this is inevitable.
Stress for individual words
Difficulties often arise in the word “cottage cheese”. Some pronounce it with emphasis on the first “o”, while others pronounce it on the second. The term itself denoting this fermented milk product was pronounced in different times differently. And nineteenth-century dictionaries described the norm where the second syllable is stressed. While the linguist Dahl still insists on the first. An equally textbook example of frequent and incorrect pronunciation is the word “calling.”
Conclusion:
In Russian it is not as easy to put the accent correctly as it seems. In addition to the basic rule, there is also a list of words that it is advisable to simply memorize and not make mistakes in pronunciation in the future.
Accent in Russian
Ignorance of the rules of the Russian language does not relieve one from responsibility for the impression one makes. If a person respects himself and his interlocutor, then this is immediately visible not only by the words he pronounces, but also by the way he emphasizes them. Remember: a primitive language is for those who think primitively.
By WHAT and HOW a person says, you can make a portrait of him. As soon as your interlocutor opens his mouth, his level of culture and erudition becomes obvious. It's interesting that more educated people understand each other perfectly and do not ask questions about where to put the emphasis in the words “agreement”, “marketing”, “blinds”, “petition” and others. This is a closed club for the “chosen few”, or rather for those who care whether they will consider him a cattle or not.
Why do you need to put stress in words correctly?
In Russian the stress is free, i.e. is not assigned to any specific syllable, which frees the hands and tongues of all those who do not know the norms and gives the opportunity to ignoramuses to distort the pronunciation beyond recognition. Flexible stress in different grammatical forms (cases, degrees of comparison, etc.) sets traps for the illiterate. To avoid looking dumber than you really are, just know how to correctly emphasize the most commonly used words.
A person who puts emphasis on words incorrectly becomes an object of ridicule.
Have you noticed that people who make mistakes in pronunciation are eternal objects of ridicule from satirists, KVNists and simply more literate “users” of the Russian language? This will never change! It is naive to believe that if most the yard boys says “Will you call?”, then this has already become the norm. Nothing of the kind! This continues to indicate their backwardness and generally low educational level. Is it worth following the tail of the locomotive? Maybe it’s better to find out where to put the emphasis in words and speak normally without causing laughter?
For difficult cases, there are dictionaries and reference books in which in detail pronunciation rules are described. Spelling dictionaries and various information portals, as well as reference books are designed to eradicate speech errors and teach not only native speakers, but also foreigners the correct pronunciation. Why is this necessary? The simplest answer: to successfully pass the Unified State Exam. However, is this the true goal? For some it will be an incredible achievement. Others clearly understand that in order for the language not to become an enemy, it must be studied thoughtfully and constantly work on oneself.
You can find out where to put stress correctly in a particular word from a linguistic dictionary.
To help foreigners and native speakers, numerous Internet resources are being created today, where you can find all possible “difficult” words and expressions. For example, there is a popular Internet portal gramota.ru, where you can not only check spelling and stress, but also hear how familiar words ideally sound (audio dictionaries “Speaking Correctly” and “Russian Oral”). However, it is better to rely on your own brain and write down information there once, than to rely on constant “hints” from the computer.
How to put stress in words: norms for some special cases
There are many mnemonic exercises for memorizing, so choose the ones that are most effective for you. The recommendation for everyone is this: since speech is not just a set of words, but meaningful statements in a specific situation, the associative method always helps out when you are in doubt about where to put the emphasis.
Correct your speech, because speaking correctly is no more difficult than speaking with errors
We suggest you remember these blocks of information. They can serve as a “lifesaver” for the words blinds, contract, cottage cheese, catalogue, quarter, cakes, beets, sorrel, call, pamper, prettier, facilitate, plum, scoop.
- Better not bite your nails and close the blinds.
- A thief sneaked into our office and stole a contract.
- The woman baked a pie, but forgot about the cottage cheese. Cottage cheese must have been expensive at the market. (both forms are within the normal range)
- He left us a hundred rubles and a catalog as a deposit.
- The quarter is ending, who is richer now?
- While putting on shorts, he remembered about cakes.
- The rain has passed, the beets in the garden got wet. And the falcon noticed how many wet beets there were. The roundabout way is long, the beetroot borscht is delicious.
- You love sweet caramel, but sorrel is healthier. They talked about the land, the cauldron and sorrel.
- Who is standing in the square calling on a mobile phone?
- In order not to shed tears, it is better not to spoil.
- A blue dress will help you look much more beautiful.
- To avoid carrying a lot, you need to lighten the load.
- The sour plum compote was quickly poured into the garden.
- Scoop cherries with a skull.
If you have your own associative chains that help you correctly place stress in words, then feel free to use this method, which saves you from stupid cramming. Even if these are not entirely decent “sayings” in content (for example, “This is not easy petting for you, but financial marketing"), the main thing is that the desired result is a one hundred percent guarantee of memorization and standard pronunciation.
You can come up with your own tricks for words such as “seal”, “petition” and “not allowed”? Write your options in the comments, we will welcome creative ideas!
Russian language is one of the most difficult in the world. And if you are looking on the World Wide Web for an answer to the question of how to put stress in words, this means that even Russian-speaking people sometimes experience certain difficulties in mastering the norms of the language. And if your profession involves frequent speaking in front of an audience, then you need to speak as correctly as possible in order to convey the information correctly. How to correctly put emphasis in words so as not to distort their meaning? This will be discussed in this article.
Features of Russian accent
Where to put the emphasis? A special section in linguistics called accentology will help answer this question. So, according to this science, there are no clearly defined rules for stress in the Russian language. Each word has its own rules. How to put emphasis correctly? When answering this question, you need to remember that the Russian language is characterized by the so-called free or variable stress. This means that different parts of a word can become stressed syllables - a root, a prefix, a suffix or an ending. We decided to highlight several points, the understanding of which will help you figure out how to put emphasis on words.
- In Russian, stress is free and therefore can fall on any syllable.
- The accent can be movable or stationary. Where should the emphasis be placed in this case? Let's say in different forms of one word the stress falls on the same part, this will mean that it is motionless: you speak, you speak, you speak. But if the stress falls on different syllables of the same word, then it is called mobile: grass - herbs, run out - run out.
- How to put emphasis? It must be remembered that emphasis may change over time. For example, if previously it was considered correct to say: metallurgy, printing, now the norm is: metallurgy, printing.
- Dictionaries will also tell you where to put the emphasis. In them, you will be surprised to find that sometimes some variants of stress are considered equal. For example: Augustovsky - Augustovsky, Cossacks - Cossacks, Keta - Keta and others.
- Sometimes, so that there is no doubt about where to put the emphasis, you just need to learn words with fixed accents. Here are some of them: cake, scarf, bows, call and others.
Lexical, grammatical, stylistic differences
Where to put the emphasis to correctly convey your idea? When preparing your speech, remember that the difference in stress is due to the fact that in practice there may be two or even more accent options. They will differ from each other in lexical, grammatical or stylistic terms.
- Lexical difference suggests that with a change in the place of stress, the meaning of the word also changes. For example, ugly and ugly or characteristic and characteristic. How to put accents correctly and not make mistakes? Consider lexical meaning words and the context in which it sounds.
- Varying stress also allows you to distinguish between grammatical forms. These can be forms of the same word, for example, stress in different places words - strings and strings indicate that in the first case we have the singular genitive case of the word stringA, and in the second case it is the nominative case plural the same word. Otherwise, different stresses in the same word may indicate forms of completely different words. For example, pali is the past tense of the verb “to fall”, and palI is already the imperative form of the verb “to burn”.
- How to put emphasis? In some cases, the science of stylistics will help you answer this question. Words such as bogatyr, well done or silky may sound differently - bogatyr, well done, silky. The difference in stress is associated with the folklore origin of these words.
How to put emphasis in names correctly? Here you can apply the following rule: in women's syllables the stress is placed on the penultimate syllable - MarIna, Inna, Valentina, etc. But in men's, everything is a little different. In short male names The emphasis is placed on the penultimate syllable - KOLYA, ZHENYA. Where should the emphasis be placed in long names? On the last syllable (Mikhail, AntOn, Valentin). True, there are quite a few exceptions regarding accents in names. But that, in general, is what distinguishes our great and mighty Russian language - exceptions to the rules.
How to put stress correctly in other languages? For Chinese, Vietnamese and Japanese languages There are tonic and musical stresses. They involve highlighting a syllable by changing the pitch. How to put stress in words like this in an unusual way? This question is best addressed to speakers of Asian languages. There are also dynamic, forceful stresses, when a stressed syllable is emphasized with greater pronunciation force. These types of stress are typical for English, French, Russian and others. To be understood correctly, speak correctly! Where should the emphasis be placed so that the meaning is conveyed correctly? Learn Russian, and if you have questions, look in a special dictionary.
Oh, this is it emphasis! It’s impossible to correctly determine its place in a word.
First-graders, before learning letters, learn to divide a word into syllables and put emphasis on a word. It seems to us that this is simple, but in reality it turns out to be far from so. It is very difficult for kids to learn correctly put emphasis. First, the children learned to divide the word into syllables. And when it is necessary to place stress, the teacher asks: “Which syllable does the stress fall on?” Children immediately begin to divide the word into syllables and this makes their work more difficult.
When we pronounce a word syllable by syllable, it is very difficult to determine the stress! How to help kids? And here a fairy tale and a game come to the rescue.
The Tale of the Hammer.
Once upon a time forest clearing Mishka came. He walked around the clearing and found no one. The bear left its mark. 
Why did the trail remain like this? (Because the word BEAR has 2 syllables). And he left to look for friends.
At this time, Bunny jumped out into the clearing. 
He had been running through the forest for a long time in search of Mishka. He didn’t see the bear, but he noticed the footprint and immediately thought that the bear was there. The bunny decided to call him.
“Mishka, Mishka,” shouted Bunny. But Mishka didn’t hear. And then the magic Hammer came to the aid of the Bunny. He hit one syllable and the syllable sounded loud, loud and very long: “Miiiiish-ka”! Mishka immediately heard his name and came. The bunny was glad to have a friend. And Mishka’s trail became like this 
Now Bunny and Mishka decided to call the rest of their friends. “Li-sich-ka,” they shouted. But Chanterelle did not respond. Then the Bunny called the magic Hammer for help and struck one syllable. This syllable rang louder and longer than the others, and the Fox immediately heard.
So the friends called the Hedgehog, the Wolf Cub, and the Squirrel. And every time the magic Hammer helped them. He struck one syllable at a time and this syllable sounded very loud and long.
When all the friends had gathered, Bunny thanked Hammer for his help. And the Hammer smiled and said: “I live in every word and am called Accent. I can only make one syllable in a word loud and long. And to make this syllable sound long, I always tap on the vowel sound, because only vowels can sing. I can also jump from one syllable to another and change words, because I Accent - magic hammer».
And now you can invite the child to determine for himself which syllable the hammer is knocking on. To do this, divide the word into syllables and write a syllable diagram. And then “call” this word, pointing to the syllable being pronounced. If a child finds it difficult, then you should help him.
The main thing is for the child to understand:
- To determine a stressed syllable, you do not need to pronounce the word syllable by syllable. You need to “call” him, chanting.
- The stress falls on the vowel sound, because Only a vowel can be drawn out, sung.
Did you like the fairy tale? Your friends will be grateful if you share this material with them. Click on the social network buttons and your friends will also be able to read this fairy tale and teach your child to put emphasis.
guardian of belles lettres
pamper, pamper, pampered
bartender
Barrel
water pipeline, gas pipeline, garbage pipeline, oil pipeline, But: electrical wire
agreement (and agreements)
blinds
envious
catalog
quarter
more beautiful
cooking and cooking ( both options are equal)
marketing
masterfully
extended
newborn
security
facilitate
open
loop (loop - appropriate in everyday speech)
You call, they call, they call
pullover
beet
dancer, dancer
cottage cheese and cottage cheese ( both options are equal)
tiramisu
Cakes
Immediately
shoe
phenomenon
scoop
What is written with a pen...
The tricky thing about all the rules and lists is that they don’t stay in your head: read it and forget it. There are several ways to remember useful information, in our case – words with the correct accents.
#singing now. A word that is difficult for you needs to be said out loud, clearly, several times (you can also sing it) and... in front of witnesses. Let your friends or colleagues support you and join your impact flash mob with their problematic words (“Venice is more beautiful than Paris, more beautiful, more beautiful, more beautiful than Paris”, “They call me, they call me”, “my boyfriend is a barman, barman, barman”). This is our psychology: what we do not do alone is better remembered.
#wonderfulmoment. For those who have a developed imagination, it is easiest to involve associations and images associated with it in the task of memorizing any information. For example, beets are a healthy vegetable, and the rosy-cheeked grandmother Fyokla sells them. And an excellent marketing specialist knows everything about how to maintain a brand!
#graphomania. Remember how in school, studying foreign language, we composed dialogues and stories with new words, selected rhymes for them, or came up with funny poems? The principle also works for the great and mighty, you just need to give free rein to your imagination! There are a lot of ready-made cheat sheets floating around the Internet, take note: “We ate cakes for a long time - the shorts didn’t fit”, “Don’t bring us curtains, we will hang blinds”, “Phenomenon rings on Wednesdays, having accepted a contract for years”, “The bell ringer rings, they ring ring the bell so that you can remember correctly!”
And, of course, dictionaries and reference books will always help out: a spelling dictionary, an orthoepic dictionary (translated from ancient Greek “orthoepia” means correct pronunciation), a dictionary of accents. Online resources will not let you down either: the portals Gramota.ru (be sure to look at the “Memos” section) and gramma.ru, Yandex.Dictionaries, the website orfogrammka.ru - which, unlike printed publications, are always at hand thanks to the ubiquitous Internet. Let's speak beautifully!