Man and society in the work of Olesya Kuprin. The problem of man and society in the work of Oles. A. I. Kuprin, “Olesya”: analysis of the work, problems, theme, main characters. III Testing on the works of Bunin and Kuprin

FIPI commentary on the topic “Man and Society” :
"For topics in this direction, the view of a person as a representative of society is relevant. Society largely shapes the individual, but the individual is also capable of influencing society. The topics will allow us to consider the problem of the individual and society from different sides: from the point of view of their harmonious interaction, complex confrontation or irreconcilable conflict. It is equally important to think about the conditions under which a person must obey social laws, and society must take into account the interests of each person. Literature has always shown interest in the problem of the relationship between man and society, the creative or destructive consequences of this interaction for the individual and for human civilization. "

Recommendations for students:
The table presents works that reflect any concept related to the direction “Man and Society”. You DO NOT need to read all of the works listed. You may have already read a lot. Your task is to revise your reading knowledge and, if you discover a lack of arguments within a particular direction, fill in the existing gaps. In this case, you will need this information. Think of it as a guide in the vast world of literary works. Please note: the table shows only a portion of the works that contain the problems we need. This does not mean at all that you cannot make completely different arguments in your work. For convenience, each work is accompanied by small explanations (third column of the table), which will help you navigate exactly how, through which characters, you will need to rely on literary material (the second mandatory criterion when evaluating a final essay)

An approximate list of literary works and carriers of problems in the direction of "Man and Society"

Direction	Sample list of literary works	Carriers of the problem
Human and society	A. S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"	Chatsky challenges Famus society
	A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"	Evgeny Onegin, Tatyana Larina– representatives of secular society – become hostages of the laws of this society.
	M. Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”	Pechorin- a reflection of all the vices of the younger generation of his time.
	I. A. Goncharov "Oblomov"	Oblomov, Stolz- representatives of two types generated by society. Oblomov is a product of a bygone era, Stolz is a new type.
	A. N. Ostrovsky. "Storm"	Katerina- a ray of light in the “dark kingdom” of Kabanikha and Wild.
	A.P. Chekhov. "Man in a Case."	Teacher Belikov with his attitude to life, he poisons the lives of everyone around him, and his death is considered by society as a deliverance from something difficult
	A. I. Kuprin "Olesya"	Love of the “natural man” ( Olesya) and a man of civilization Ivan Timofeevich could not withstand the test of public opinion and social order.
	V. Bykov “Roundup”	Fedor Rovba- a victim of a society living in a difficult period of collectivization and repression.
	A. Solzhenitsyn “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”	Ivan Denisovich Shukhov- victim of Stalinist repressions.
	R. Brdbury. "A Sound of Thunder"	The responsibility of each person for the fate of the entire society.
	M. Karim “Pardon”	Lubomir Zuch– a victim of war and martial law.

“Man and Society” is one of the topics of the final essay on literature for graduates of 2020. From what positions can these two concepts be considered in the work?

For example, you can write about the individual and society, about their interaction, both about agreement and about opposition. The approximate ideas that may be heard in this case are varied. This is a person as a part of society, the impossibility of his existence outside of society, and the influence of society on something connected with a person: his opinion, tastes, life position. You can also consider the confrontation or conflict between an individual and society; in this case, it would be useful to give examples from life, history or literature in your essay. This will not only make the work less boring, but will also give you a chance to improve your grade.

Another option for what to write about in an essay is the ability or, conversely, the inability to devote one’s life to public interests, philanthropy and its opposite - misanthropy. Or, perhaps, in your work you will want to consider in detail the issue of social norms and laws, morality, the mutual responsibility of society to man and man to society for everything past and future. An essay devoted to man and society from a state or historical perspective, or the role of the individual (concrete or abstract) in history, will also be interesting.

Kuprin in his story “Olesya” addresses the romantic theme of “natural man,” which has a long tradition in Russian literature. Pushkin’s “Maiden of the Mountains”, “Zemfira” from “Gypsies”, Lermontov’s Bela from the story of the same name, which opens the novel “Hero of Our Time”, Maryana from Tolstoy’s “Cossacks” - this is but an incomplete list of female literary images related to this topic. Despite all the differences between the named heroines, they are united by something in common: integrity of character, clarity of mind, moral purity.

Those who grew up in a natural environment, not spoiled by the bad influence of urban civilization, are spiritually independent, internally free individuals. They are capable of strong feelings, selfless love, but love turns into disaster for them. A meeting with a representative of secular society or, as in Oles, the urban intelligentsia, ruins their life.
In Kuprin, his heroine, nurtured by Mother Nature, is contrasted not only with the “urban” man - Ivan Timofeevich (on whose behalf the story is told), (but also with the villagers. The consciousness of the peasants is entangled in centuries-old prejudices, they believe in damage, in the effectiveness of the spell, in reliability of fortune telling. Manuilikha, Olesya’s old grandmother, was once kicked out of the village because the young woman’s child, who had quarreled with an old healer, fell ill and died: “...and the boys drove the witcher away, let her eyes pop out... ”
Ivan Timofeevich can’t wait to meet the “witch” - after all, he came to this remote corner of the Volyn province in order to gain impressions for his future books. The visit to Manuilikha initially disappoints him. There is nothing unusual (“...not an owl, not a black cat”) in the furnishings of her house, except that “two pockmarked, respectable starlings” are looking from the stove, and on the steppes, instead of “ordinary hunters with green mustaches and purple dogs and portraits of unknown people generals” hanging bunches of dried herbs and roots.

However, the live starlings on the stove, and the absence of “ordinary” decorations in the hut (which the author speaks of with a touch of irony) - these naive signs of belonging to “civilization” - were important, indicating the indifference of the hostess to the imaginary values of culture.
There is nothing artificial, demonstrative, or deceitful about Oles either. First, Ivan Timofeevich hears her “fresh, ringing and clear” voice, and then a tall, laughing girl appears, carrying hungry chicks in her apron: “Look, grandma, the finches are following me again... look what
funny... Really hungry.” In the portrait of the heroine, the author emphasizes the natural beauty of the girl and points out features that allow us to judge her character.

Olesya “carried easily and harmoniously - a spacious white shirt wrapped freely and beautifully around her young, healthy breasts,” the special charm of her face lay in “large, shiny, dark eyes, to which thin eyebrows, broken in the middle, gave a hint of slyness, power and naivety.”
Olesya is endowed with a special power that allows her to close blood, predict fate, make a person stumble out of the blue, or instill fear in him from a distance. From the point of view of Ivan Timofeevich, Olesya’s abilities are explained by the fact that she “has access to that unconscious, instinctive, vague, strange knowledge obtained by chance experience,” which, ahead of science, lives among the people, “passed on as the greatest secret from generation to generation.”
Whatever the source of Olesya’s “magic”, she is from birth endowed with clarity of mind, observation, intuition - qualities that in the natural environment where Olesya grew up under the supervision of a loving, wise grandmother, could not be obscured by bad upbringing, false foundations of society and received worthy development. Perhaps it was intuition and observation that allowed Olesya to give an accurate description of Ivan Timofeevich, to “predict the fate” that awaits him. “Although you are a kind person, you are only weak... Your kindness is not good, not heartfelt.

You are not master of your word,” the girl says to her interlocutor.
With Olesya, Kuprin’s hero experiences the happiest moments of “pure, complete, all-consuming delight” in his life. For the sake of her beloved, Olesya is ready to endure the most terrible test for her, a “witch,” - going to church. A situation occurs when Ivan Timofeevich must overcome the laziness of his heart, which Olesya spoke about, and is obliged to predict the further course of events. But this doesn't happen.

The brutal crowd beats the girl, and Olesya disappears from his life forever, leaving behind only a string of cheap beads - the memory of her “tender, great-spirited love.”
In the image of Olesya, the author expressed the ideal of a person, the ideal of a woman. The city dweller-intellectual, with his insensitivity, indecisiveness and inability to hear the voice of his own heart, is contrasted with a heroine who is vitally connected with natural existence, drawing from the life of nature both enormous vitality and the wisdom of the soul.

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He and she The theme of love occupies a special place in the work of A.I. Kuprin. In his story “Olesya,” which was included in the cycle of Polesie stories, love appears as a sublime, all-consuming force. The writer created this work during his stay in Polesie, where he met local peasants and collected folk beliefs. It was this material that served as the basis for his Polesie [...]
In his early story “Olesya” (1898), A. I. Kuprin expressed the dream of the existence of an individual who has not experienced any influences from a contradictory environment, society, and lives only by his sincere impulses. The main character of the work, in my opinion, can be considered the girl Olesya. She is not familiar with civilization; she has lived in the forest since childhood, surrounded by the ancient beliefs of her ancestors. Therefore, Olesya [...]
Personality and environment, individual and society - many Russian writers of the 19th century thought about this. Interest in this topic intensified noticeably at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, during a turning point for Russia. In the spirit of humanistic traditions inherited from the classics, A. I. Kuprin considers this issue. The world of Kuprin's heroes is colorful and crowded. The writer lived a bright, [...]
In the story “Olesya” the landscape plays a very important role, being not just a sketch, but a direct participant in the action, reflecting the spiritual appearance of a person. For example, the appearance of Ivan Timofeevich against the backdrop of winter nature is described using the phrases “it was... quiet”, “lush lumps of snow”, “windless day”, “cold view”. In addition, the idea of Ivan Timofeevich’s cold nature is subsequently confirmed by the words of Olesya: “Heart […]...
The theme of love excites and excites many representatives of art and literary figures. Writers of all times have sung this feeling, its beauty, greatness and tragedy. A.I. Kuprin is one of those writers who reveals the theme of love in its various manifestations. His two works “Olesya” and “Garnet Bracelet” were written at different times, but they are united by the theme of tragic love. […]...
Kuprin can be called a singer of sublime love, who gave the world three stories: “The Pomegranate Bracelet,” “Olesya” and “Shulamith.” Protesting against vulgarity and cynicism, the sale of feelings, zoological manifestations of instincts, the writer creates examples of ideal love, individual in beauty and strength. The story “The Garnet Bracelet” has a very real basis. However, Kuprin’s talent turned a concrete fact of life into a story that has been dreamed of for centuries […]...

A person is a part of the whole society. At an early age we are taught how to live in society. Society has its own rules by which we have to live. Man himself is formed from society, and it is from there that he takes everything for his further development. There is a well-known saying: “Whoever you mess with, you’ll get rich from.”

Let's consider the concept of “man in society” in this work by Kuprin “Olesya”. The main character of the work becomes a person whom everyone begins to condemn. Many people see her as a witch and only because her home is in the forest and she collects medicinal herbs for medicine. Society does not accept her only because she is not like everyone else. The heroine of the honor is trying to establish relationships with people, they take the first step, but people do not perceive her. Society is even ready to commit murder so that the girl does not live among them. And why? Only because she's not like everyone else. And she lives as she wants. Sometimes due to such pressure from people, a person is forced to live by their rules. Few people have the courage to defend their opinion and live the way they want.

Another example is in the work of Maxim Gorky “At the Depths”. One of the heroes of this story was a very respected person in society. But one act radically changed his life. He punished his sister's offender and was sent to prison. But even there he remained a worthy person and behaved as expected. When the man served his sentence and was released, society turned its back on him. And only because people are used to seeing only the bad. Because of such actions, a person simply gives up and does not even try to defend his honor.

The same thing happens in real life. Sometimes it is better to agree with society than to defend your point of view. From all this I can only draw one conclusion. Our society needs to be improved and is worth fighting for. Don't be afraid to express your personal opinion and defend your point of view. Many people may not accept you, but never give up. You always need to go forward. People have always spoken and will continue to speak. Always speak your mind, then there will be someone who will listen to it.

Option 2

What is the human unit in the endless labyrinth of common relationships? This is the main small particle that comes into contact with it all the time. From childhood, we are in a social environment, we get used to and survive according to the provisions that are imposed on us by the people around us. After all, the ancient Greek thinker Aristotle gave man a second name - “social animal”. But at the same time, the people around him sometimes have a bad influence on a person; in some cases, under his influence, she is left without her own opinion.

As for example, in Kuprin’s work “Olesya,” the main character turns out to be the injured party in front of traditional public opinion. People believe that she is a witch because she lives in the forest and uses beneficial herbs. People hate a beggar girl only because she is different from them. She wanted to get closer to the people, for the sake of her beloved, she leaves her homeland and goes to church. Then the people attacked her, she miraculously survived. Consequently, the desire to enter into a system of common relationships almost became a tragedy for the main character, and such a position often forces the individual to submit to the norms of society and become the same as everyone else. Flight protected Olesya from such a life, but at the same time, not everyone can take this decisive step.

The inhabitants of the shelter, the heroes of Gorky’s story “At the Lower Depths,” have no way out either. You look at each hero and see that before us is not a bad individual, and nothing in his reality indicated that he would find himself in such a position. And everyone together has created a garbage dump and there is no chance for anyone to leave this vicious circle. Satin was a successful and prosperous person until he punished his sister’s stalker and ended up in prison. However, he still saved his pride and humanity, having served time, and in his free life he realized that they did not see him or notice him, he became a nobody to them, normal people turned away from him. In order not to die and somehow survive, he was destined to take the criminal path. Consequently, one social group broke him with its devil-may-care attitude, and the second pulled him into its immoral labyrinths, not allowing him to escape and start life from scratch. Satin is a victimized person, since society relies on traditions and rules.

It turns out that sometimes variations arise when a person does not have the opportunity to live normally in the existing system of social relationships. Sometimes he struggles with the points of view and antics of the majority, but at the same time, as a rule, he does not remember his own interests and recognizes social goals and orders. But, of course, people must strive to transform the public, while at the same time agreeing with his attacks and reproaches. This is how society can be improved and improved.

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The unrecognized, invisible, intangible part of a person. For thousands of years, the world's minds have been arguing about what the soul is! Is this God's Gift or a banal awareness of oneself as a person with an emotional background?

The theme of love is one of the most popular among writers and poets. Many stories, novels, poems have been written about love, a huge number of plays have been staged. I especially liked the work of A.I. Kuprin called “Olesya”.
Love is a feeling to which any person is subject, regardless of whether he is a gentleman or a peasant, whether he is rich or poor, whether he is old or young. Love can arise immediately or over time. It makes people suffer without each other, makes them unhappy when they are far away from each other. In the work "Olesya" Kuprin shows how strong love can be. The story tells how master Ivan Timofeevich falls in love with a girl: the daughter of a sorceress, a witch. Their feelings are mutual. It would seem that the master and the girl, who is much lower than him in social status, has no education, lives in the forest, far from people. How could a noble, intelligent, educated person fall in love with Olesya?. But love does not choose, it is very brings people together, regardless of their position in society, changes them for the better. When lovers are together, there is no limit to happiness, they try to do something pleasant for each other, but when parting, a feeling of melancholy and boredom sets in. In the text, the author pays special attention precisely the description of how the meetings of Ivan Timofeevich and Olesya took place, how good they were together. They met in the forest, away from other people. What Trofimov liked about Olesya was that she was different from other girls, she was not like the others. With her there was something to argue about, to speculate about, although she had no education, did not even know how to read. And what she liked about Ivan Timofeevich was that he was very well-read and smart. This is how love is born. Lovers begin to mistake even shortcomings for advantages. Besides , fears disappear. After a month, their love only strengthened. Both Panych and Olesya could not be without each other for a long time. The girl knew that their happiness would not last long and would end in shame for her, but the feelings were stronger. She did not stop Olesya and fear of people, and, in her opinion, a curse imposed on their family. The girl, therefore, wanted to do something nice to her loved one, to make him happy. As often happens, fate separates truly loving people, and this is what happened in the story “Olesya.” The girl’s trip to church ended unsuccessfully. People beat her, and she, in turn, “prophesied” trouble for them out of spite. Therefore, any troubles that happened in the villages would be associated with this prophecy and would not allow Olesya and her grandmother. That’s why they had to leave. Ivan Timofeevich’s business trip was also coming to an end. Perhaps they will meet again someday and be happy. In memory of their love, Olesya left Trofimov beautiful red beads, a symbol of eternal love.
Love is the most powerful feeling. Thanks to the existence of love, a person changes for the better, his old fears disappear, he is able to accomplish a feat. The world rests on love, love makes us all better.

Sincerely, Alexander!

09.04.2019

Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin is a famous Russian writer, in whose works the theme of the unity of man and nature is repeatedly raised. His worldview is based on personal experiences, events and upheavals of that time. Kuprin quite often changed his surroundings, due to moves and the political situation in the country. He was especially observant of people and the relationships between people in society. Many facts upset him; this became a fundamental theme in many of the author’s works.

With a keen sense of nature, Kuprin repeatedly turned in his works to a description of its serene and charming beauty. The most common description in his work is of silence, where the author, fearing to frighten away or disturb this wonderful picture of peace, shows the ideal arrangement in nature. Using the expressions “he held his breath and froze”, “trying not to make noise”, he seems to want to peer into this silence, perhaps there is a clue to his own human existence in it. It is this connection that most clearly runs through all of the writer’s works.

Kuprin presents the description of nature very colorfully, using the most beautiful words, richly coloring, like an artist with a brush. The description of the winter landscape in the story “Olesya” is very expressive, where the author gradually leads to a philosophical thought about the unity of man and nature. “The lush lumps of snow hanging on the branches pressed them down, giving them a wonderful, festive and cold look.” “The snow turned pink in the sun and turned blue in the shade. I was overcome by the quiet charm of this solemn, cold silence, and it seemed to me that I felt time slowly and silently passing by me.”

It is precisely this involvement in integrity with nature and dissolution in the unity of its knowledge that is noted in many of Kuprin’s works. It thus points to the unity of man and nature in a broad sense, harmoniously uniting into a single whole. The relationship between man and nature, its subordination to natural rhythms, is clearly presented in the essays “Listrigons”, which show the life of fishermen. Describing the sea, silence, starry sky, the author uses epithets of comparison and personification, thereby very clearly showing the inferiority of human existence, which has lost contact with nature.

The theme of the unity of man with nature, the harmony of this integrity and the breaking of this connection is the main philosophical idea that runs through many works. It is the loss of this cosmic connection that worries him most of all. In hunting stories, Kuprin shows the possibility of restoring this connection, gives an understanding of the unity of the cosmic worldview, which, undoubtedly, is relevant today.

The theme of man and nature has always been one of the main ones in Russian literature. In their works, writers explored man's desire to be closer to nature, its life-giving juices, because the loss of natural harmony leads to the hardening of human relationships, to a hardening of the soul and complete lack of spirituality.

The theme of “natural man” was first stated by the French enlightenment writer J.-J. Rousseau, who believed that only far from civilization, in the lap of nature, can a perfect person who knows no vices be formed. This theme found its poetic development in A. Kuprin’s story “Olesya”.

In 1897, the writer served as an estate manager, where he had the opportunity to observe ordinary people, their life and morals. Probably, Kuprin believed that it was here, among the common people, that one could find that very original, natural life, from which his contemporaries were moving further and further away.

“Polesie... wilderness... bosom of nature... simple morals... primitive natures...” Thus begins the story about the beautiful nature of these places. Here, in the village, the city gentleman, the writer Ivan Timofeevich, heard the legend about the Polesie witch Manuilikha and her granddaughter Olesya. A romantic story is woven into the fabric of the story. Olesya's past and future are shrouded in mystery. Olesya and Manuilikha live in a swamp, in a wretched hut, far from the people who expelled them from the village. Thus, the author suggests that human society is far from natural perfection. People are angry and rude. The tragic circumstances that forced Olesya and Manuilikha to live outside society allowed them to preserve their natural nature and genuine human qualities.

Olesya is the embodiment of Kuprin’s aesthetic ideal. She is the personification of a whole natural nature.

Nature endowed her with not only physical, but also spiritual, inner beauty. Olesya first appears in the story, carefully holding in her hands the finches that she brought home to feed.

Olesya attracted the main character not only with her “original beauty,” but also with her character, which combined authority and tenderness, age-old wisdom and childish naivety. Ivan Timofeevich learns about the extraordinary abilities of Olesya, who could determine the fate of a person, speak to a wound, and knock a person off his feet. She never used this gift to harm people.

Olesya was illiterate, but by nature endowed with curiosity, imagination, and correct speech. Life in the lap of nature formed these qualities in her. The city, civilization is a hostile world for Olesya, the embodiment of human vices. “I would never trade my forests for your city,” she says.

Ivan Timofeevich, who came from urban civilization, will make Olesya both happy and unhappy. He will disrupt her harmonious world, her usual way of life and lead her to tragedy. Life taught Ivan Timofeevich to control his emotional impulses. He knows that Olesya’s visit to church will not end well, but does nothing to avoid tragedy.

The main character looks like a weak, selfish, internally bankrupt person. Olesya’s pure love briefly awakened the soul of Ivan Timofeevich, which was spoiled by society.

How beautiful and romantic this “naive, charming fairy tale of our love was,” recalls Ivan Timofeevich, “and to this day, together with the beautiful appearance of Olesya, these burning evening dawns live in my soul, these dewy mornings, fragrant with lilies of the valley and honey, these hot, languid, lazy June days.”

But the fairy tale could not last forever. Gray days came when a final decision had to be made.

The idea of marrying Olesya more than once occurred to the main character: “Only one circumstance stopped and frightened me: I did not even dare to imagine what Olesya would be like, dressed in a fashionable dress, talking to the wives of my colleagues...”

Ivan Timofeevich is a man corrupted by civilization, a hostage to the conventions and false values of a society where social inequality exists. Olesya preserved in its original form those spiritual qualities that nature gave her.

According to Kuprin, a person can be beautiful if he preserves and develops the abilities given to him by nature, and not destroys them.

Olesya is the pure gold of human nature, a romantic dream, hope for the best in man.

In the 90s of the 19th century, a number of new writers appeared in Russian literature, in whose work a tendency towards realism was clearly visible. Aware of all the shortcomings and vices of society, these writers objectively illuminated them in their works and exposed the very foundations of social relations. Expressing a strong protest against social evil and violence, writers and poets sought to find high ideals and tried to artistically explore and rethink the era. One of the brightest representatives of this trend is Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin. He went down in the history of Russian literature as a singer of the brightest and healthiest human feelings. The reality that Kuprin described in his works determined in most cases tragic motives. But with all this, in his stories and stories one can feel a kind of cheerful, optimistic worldview. Optimism and faith in the living human soul, which, in my opinion, were most clearly manifested in the story “Olesya,” prompted him to search for the ideal of a certain “natural man.”

In this work, Kuprin delves into the sphere of folk life, showing, as always, the unique skill of psychological analysis. The author had deep sympathy for the ordinary Russian person, seeing in him the origins of the spiritual revival of the entire Russian people. That’s why, with such light and rainbow colors, with such tenderness and love, he recreates the psychological portrait of the main character.

A large role in understanding this image is played by her portrait, which fully reflects the external and internal characteristics of Olesya, in their unity and direct connection. Before us is “a tall brunette of about twenty to twenty-five years old” who “carried easily and slenderly.” “The original beauty of her face, once seen, could not be forgotten, but it was difficult, even having gotten used to it, to describe it. Its charm lay in those large, shiny, dark eyes, to which the thin eyebrows, broken in the middle, gave an elusive shade of slyness and authority and naivety; in the dark-pink tone of the skin, in the peculiar curve of the lips, of which the lower one, somewhat fuller, protruded forward with a decisive and capricious appearance." This portrait alone distinguishes the heroine from all other residents of the village, contrasting her with the local “girls”, “whose faces, under ugly bandages covering the forehead on top, and the mouth and chin below, wear such a monotonous, frightened expression.” With the skill of a real psychologist, the writer also depicts Olesya’s inner world, which is so different from the inner world of other heroes.

Carefully analyzing the relationships between people, the author shows the different states of thoughts and feelings of the characters. The heroes of the story, despite all the differences in characters and feelings, are similar in one thing - they seem to bear the stamp of general ill-being, and as a result - spiritual emptiness. And all these people, united by a common stinginess of feelings, emptiness of soul, joylessness of life, cannot and do not want to understand and accept the “forest witch” Olesya, calling her a “witch”, “devil”, blaming her and her grandmother for all imaginable and inconceivable misfortunes , although the residents themselves (and no one else!) are to blame for all their troubles. And Olesya is a pure and bright girl, endowed with a sensitive soul, capable of truly empathizing, loving, rejoicing and being sad. She can even sacrifice herself if her nature, her heart, her feelings and beliefs require it. Only she deserves real happiness, which, unfortunately, in real life cannot last forever for her.

According to Kuprin’s firm conviction, only a natural life in the lap of nature, such as Olesya led, close communication with her harmonious world can preserve and educate the human soul unclouded, unspoiled, sincere and beautiful. Everything in Kuprin’s story is subordinated to the desire to most fully reveal the spiritual world of the daughter of the forests, Olesya.

The author assigns a special role to the description of the rich, beautiful, untouched natural world of Polesie. The surrounding nature lives its full, rich, constantly changing life. And the main thing in this world is absolute harmony, brightness and fullness of feelings. It is the feelings of the heroes that are designed to emphasize all natural phenomena. And nature itself comes to life under the writer’s pen: “foaming angrily,” streams run, “quickly spinning chips and goose down,” deep puddles reflect the endless blue sky with “round, as if spinning, white clouds,” “ringing drops” fall from roofs, filling everything around with a magical sound, and the sparrows scream “so loudly and excitedly that nothing can be heard ... behind their cry.” Everywhere in the natural world one can feel the “joyful, hasty anxiety of life.”

It is nature and the attitude towards it that appears in the story as a kind of criterion of human feelings. Only a person with a rich inner world, capable of sincere, real feelings, can see the beauty of the world around him and feel like an integral part of it. Kuprin’s hero also has such a rich inner world, a pure and bright soul. Therefore, along with the spring air, he inhales “spring sadness, sweet and tender, full of restless expectations and vague forebodings.” And along with this air, the image of the beautiful Olesya appears in his mind’s eye.

Against the backdrop of nature, which sees everything, understands everything and keeps all human secrets, the most important events of the story take place. It is nature that illuminates the most beautiful moments in the lives of the heroes. The night that the young people spend together, when they forget about everything, enjoying their happiness, merges “into some kind of magical, enchanting fairy tale.” “The moon has risen, and its radiance, intricately variegated and mysteriously colored the forest, lay in the midst of the darkness in uneven, bluish-pale spots on gnarled trunks, on curved branches, on moss soft like a plush carpet.

The thin trunks of the birches turned white sharply and distinctly, and their sparse foliage seemed to be covered with silvery, transparent, gaseous covers. In some places the light did not penetrate at all under the thick canopy of pine branches... And we walked, hugging, among this smiling living legend, without a single word, suppressed by our happiness and the eerie silence of the forest.”

And yet, with all the immensity of their happiness, the love of the heroes is doomed. It simply cannot be otherwise in a world where people’s feelings die, where hearts are hardened under the influence of external circumstances.

The tragedy of their love is that they risked remaining themselves in this world, keeping their souls intact and pure. And the world, which at one time rejected Olesya and her grandmother, dooms both the heroine and her love to death. The author also depicts the tragedy of the heroes and the death of their happiness against the backdrop of a raging natural disaster. Nature senses imminent grief and bursts into thunderstorms: “Lightning flashed almost continuously, and the peals of thunder shook and rattled the glass in the windows of my room.” And as if to confirm the irreparable disaster that had happened, “a huge piece of ice suddenly hit one of the glasses with such force that it broke, and its fragments scattered with a ringing sound across the floor of the room.” It would seem that the angry “hulk” is winning. But in fact, she does not have the strength to defeat real feelings, true love. Because a crowd of soulless, empty people cannot defeat nature itself.

A unique artist of words, A. I. Kuprin fascinates with the accuracy, clarity and noble simplicity of transforming people’s psychological lives. He has a simple and surprisingly wise magic of words. A master of language, a master of plot and composition, a master in depicting nature and human feelings, the writer left us a legacy that, in artistic terms, is a worthy example of Russian classics.

MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION SECONDARY SCHOOL No. 3 OF THE CITY OF TIKHORETSK

MUNICIPAL FORMATION TIKHORETSKY DISTRICT

Abstract

literature lesson

“Nature and man in the story “Olesya.” The tragedy of the love theme."

Developed and carried out

teacher of Russian language and literature

Yasenko D.V.

G. Tikhoretsk-2015

Topic: “Nature and man in the story “Olesya.” The tragedy of the love theme."

Goals: determine the features of Kuprin’s humanism and psychologism in the story “Olesya”; check the level of mastery of questions on the study of the works of I. Bunin and A. Kuprin.

Tasks: to find out the humanistic position of the author in the story “Olesya”, to determine the features of constructing the images of the main characters and the role of the landscape in the work. Conduct testing on the works of Bunin and Kuprin.

During the classes

I . Teacher's opening speech.

A.I. Kuprin has always been distinguished by an interest in the natural world. Already in the first stories of the writer, a contrast between rural life and urban, restless and hectic life is outlined. Life in a remote village, lost among a dense pine forest, about eight miles from the railway station, is contrasted with a dusty, stuffy city filled with bustle and noise: “You feel young, kind and good, you feel how the urban boredom that has boiled over the winter is shaking off you , urban bitterness, all urban ailments.”

The city is crowded, stuffy, hungry, people live “in small kennels, like birds in cages, ten people in each, so there’s not enough air”; many are forced to live in the basement, “under the ground itself, in damp and cold,” and “it happens that they don’t see the sun in their room all year round.”

In such a city, the souls of people find themselves “in a cage,” completely dependent on public opinion, becoming “damp and cold.”

One of Kuprin’s most poetic works was the story “Olesya” (1898). “Child of nature” Olesya, with his integrity and spontaneity of nature, the richness of his inner world, is superior to the “city” man Ivan Timofeevich, kind, but timid and indecisive.

The story is an inspired hymn to the high happiness of mutual love, its bright apotheosis, despite the tragic end: “The naive, charming fairy tale of our love continued for almost a whole month... I, like a pagan god or like a young, strong animal, enjoyed the light, warmth, conscious the joy of life and calm, healthy, sensual love..."

None of Kuprin’s works shows the fusion of two hearts as inspiredly and chastely as “Olesya”.

The story also shows the skill of Kuprin as a landscape painter, a successor to the achievements of Aksakov, Turgenev, Tolstoy, and Chekhov. On the pages of his story, Kuprin appears as a thoughtful and sensitive artist and psychologist who knows how to reveal the rich spiritual world of the common man.

II. Working with the text of the story “Olesya” (on questions from the textbook).

1. What, in your opinion, is the uniqueness of the story’s composition? What role do pictures of nature play in it?

Individual message: “Landscape in Kuprin’s story “Olesya”. (Note the psychologism of Kuprin’s landscape.)

2. What is a “natural personality” and how is it embodied in the story?

Work in pairs .(on the electronic board) Table design: “Comparative characteristics of the main characters.”

Olesya

Ivan Timofeevich

The norms of behavior accepted in society are alien to her

Is at the mercy of public opinion

With an open mind

Focused on your world

Tragic predictions

Weakness

Dedication, etc.

Olesya: “your kindness is not good”, etc.

Commenting on the work based on the text.

Teacher . The author creates images of the characters in the traditions of Russian psychological prose. A.I. Kuprin pays especially close attention to how feelings develop in the characters of the story.

The moment of their meeting is wonderful, the growth of sincere affection in their hearts is amazing. A.I. Kuprin admires the purity of their intimacy, but does not make this romantic love serene, leading the heroes to difficult trials.

Love for Olesya becomes a turning point in the life of Ivan Timofeevich, a city resident. His initial focus exclusively on his own world is gradually overcome; the need becomes the fulfillment of the desire to “be together” with another person.

At the beginning of the story, Ivan Timofeevich seems soft, sympathetic and sincere. But Olesya immediately detects weakness in him, saying: “Your kindness is not good, not heartfelt.”

And the hero of the story really causes a lot of harm to his beloved. His whim is the reason why Olesya goes to church, although she understands the destructiveness of this act.

The lethargy of the hero’s feelings brings trouble to the sincere girl. But Ivan Timofeevich himself quickly calms down.

At the moment when he talks about the most seemingly exciting episode of his life, he does not experience guilt or remorse, which speaks of the relative poverty of his inner world.

Olesya is the complete opposite of Ivan Timofeevich. In her image, Kuprin embodies his ideas about the ideal woman. She has absorbed the laws by which nature lives, her soul is not spoiled by civilization.

The writer creates an exclusively romantic image of the “daughter of the forests.”

Olesya’s life passes in isolation from people, and therefore she does not care about what many people of her time devote their lives to: fame, wealth, power, rumor. Emotions become the main motives for her actions.

Moreover, Olesya is a witch, she knows the secrets of the human subconscious. Her sincerity and lack of falsehood are emphasized both in her appearance and in her gestures, movements, and smile.

Man is imperfect, but the power of love can, at least for a short time, return to him the sharpness of sensations and naturalness that only people like Olesya have retained.

3. Do you think that Kuprin in the works “Garnet Bracelet” and “Olesya” understands love as spiritual rebirth?

(Checking homework. Reading and discussing miniatures “Love in the works of Kuprin.”)

III Testing on the works of Bunin and Kuprin.

1. The symbol is:

a) a poetic image expressing the essence of a phenomenon;

b) detail of a landscape, portrait, interior, highlighted by the writer in order to emphasize its special, selective meaning;

c) a word or phrase with an allegorical meaning;

d) an artistic technique based on exaggeration.

2. The conflict of a work of art is:

a) a quarrel between two heroes;

b) clash, confrontation, on which the development of the plot is built;

c) the highest point of plot development;

d) rejection of the work by critics and readers.

3. Composition is:

a) an episode of a literary work;

b) organization of individual elements, parts and images of a work of art;

c) the main question posed in the literary work;

d) clash, confrontation of characters.

4. Which of the heroes of Kuprin’s works repeats the gospel “Hallowed be Thy name” several times in his monologue? To whom are these words addressed?

a) Solomon - Shulamith;

b) Zheltkov - Vera Sheina;

c) Zheltkov - to God;

d) Romashov - Shurochka.

5. From which work of Bunin are the lines taken:

“These days were so recent, and yet it seems to me that almost a whole century has passed since then. The old people in Vyselki died, Anna Gerasimovna died, Arseny Semenych shot himself... The kingdom of the small estates, impoverished to the point of beggary, is coming”?

a) “Antonov apples”;

b) “Cursed days”;

c) “Dark Alleys”;

d) "Mr. from San Francisco."

6. Mark the works of Bunin, the main theme of which is love.

a) “Clean Monday”;

b) “Sukhodol”;

c) “Tanya”;

d) “Easy breathing.”

7. Which of the heroes of I. A. Bunin “I went to the old world for two whole years with my wife and daughter, just for fun”?

a) Arseny Semenych;

b) gentleman from San Francisco;

c) Malyutin;

d) cornet Elagin.

8. Which of Kuprin’s heroes, like A. Bolkonsky from L. Tolstoy’s novel War and Peace, dreams of a feat?

a) Ivan Timofeevich (“Olesya”);

b) Romashov (“Duel”);

c) Nikolaev (“Duel”);

d) Solomon (“Shulamith”).

9. From which work of Bunin are these lines taken: “Now this light breath has settled again in the world, in this cloudy sky, in this cold spring wind”?

a) “Dark Alleys”;

b) “Easy breathing”;

c) “Antonov apples”;

d) "Sukhodol".

10. About which heroine does A. Kuprin say that “two people live in her at once: one with a dry, selfish mind, the other with a tender and passionate heart”?

a) About Olesya (“Olesya”);

b) about V. Sheina (“Garnet Bracelet”);

c) about Shurochka (“Duel”);

d) about A. Sheina (“Garnet Bracelet”).

11. With what piece of music does Vera Sheina, the heroine of Kuprin’s story “The Garnet Bracelet,” associate the words: “Hallowed be Thy name”?

a) Beethoven’s “Moonlight Sonata”;

b) “Requiem” by Mozart;

c) “Prelude” by Chopin;

d) “Sonata No. 2” by Beethoven.

12. What artistic detail ends with Kuprin’s story “Olesya”?

a) a letter to a lover;

b) a bouquet of wild flowers;

c) Olesya’s scarf;

d) a string of red beads.

13. What literary genre predominated in the work of I. Bunin?

a) story;

d) novella.

14. What is the main idea of I. Bunin’s story “The Gentleman from San Francisco”?

a) a description of the journey of a wealthy American tourist across the Atlantic to Europe;

b) exposing the revolution in Russia;

c) philosophical understanding of human existence in general;

d) Americans' perception of Soviet Russia.

15. The Nobel Prize was received by Bunin:

a) in 1925 for the story “Sunstroke”;

b) in 1915 for the story “The Gentleman from San Francisco”;

c) in 1933 for the novel “The Life of Arsenyev”;

d) in 1938 for the cycle of stories “Dark Alleys”.

16. To which of the heroes of Kuprin’s story “The Garnet Bracelet” the following words belong: “Love must be a tragedy. The greatest secret in the world! No life conveniences, calculations and compromises should concern her”?

a) Prince Shein;

b) official Zheltkov;

c) General Anosov;

d) Vera Sheina.

17. From what source did A. Kuprin take the plot of the story “Shulamith”?

a) an ancient legend;

b) Bible (Old Testament);

d) Icelandic sagas.

18. Why do the heroes of A. Kuprin’s story “Olesya” break up?

a) Ivan Timofeevich went to St. Petersburg on official business;

b) Olesya fell in love with another person;

c) Olesya is forced to leave her native place;

d) the policeman accused Olesya of theft.

Test execution can be checked with the help of assistants.

I V . Lesson summary.

V /Homework.

1. Oral report “The problem of man and civilization in the works of Kuprin and Bunin.”

The image of nature is organic to Kuprin’s artistic world and is inextricably linked with his concept of man. One can highlight a number of works by the writer in which nature occupies an important place. Such are the picturesque Polesie cycle, lyrical miniatures “Woodcocks”, “Night in the Forest”, reflections on natural phenomena - “Empty Cottages” (beginning of autumn), “Golden Rooster” (sunrise). This also includes a series of lyrical essays about Balaklava fishermen “Listrigons”.

For the first time, Kuprin’s concept of man and nature was recreated as something holistic in the works of the Polesie cycle, which was based on such stories as “The Wilderness of the Forest,” “Olesya,” and “On the Wood Grouse.” The unity of the cycle is largely due to the image of the narrator-hunter, through whose perception nature is depicted and who perceives it as a real and at the same time mysterious and enigmatic world, worthy of observation and comprehension, and equivalent to the human world in the general flow of existence. The feeling of connection and kinship with this world causes the hero’s excitement: “he held his breath and froze,” “cautiously,” “trying not to make noise,” “he peered,” etc. Contact with the natural world becomes for the narrator not only an attempt to get closer to the mystery of the world , but also a way of moral purification. Nature helps him forget about everyday troubles and worries and plunge into a new stream of time. Kuprin's sense of nature is cosmic. The writer perceives it as an organic whole that has a direct connection with the human world. Left alone with nature, Kuprin's narrator experiences moments that allow him to feel the movement of time, which give a person the feeling of being included in the eternal flow of cosmic life. The winter landscape in the story “Olesya” takes on a philosophical coloring: “It was as quiet as it can be in the forest in winter on a windless day. Lush lumps of snow hanging on the branches pressed them down, giving them a wonderful, festive and cold look. From time to time a thin branch would fall from the top, and you could hear very clearly how, as it fell, it touched other branches with a slight crack. The snow turned pink in the sun and turned blue in the shade. I was overcome by the quiet charm of this solemn, cold silence, and it seemed to me that I felt time slowly and silently passing by me...” At the moment of communication with nature, Kuprin’s hero-storyteller is able to see the eternal in the momentary, to feel his participation in the whole. At this moment, the hero realizes himself as part of the Universe, embodied in the image of silence and silently flowing time, which give rise to a feeling of world harmony (“something harmonious, beautiful and tender”).

The image of nature is poeticized in “Oles”. Kuprin gives the hero the look of an artist, the ability to reveal the beauty of the world and see it where, it would seem, there is nothing remarkable. Thus, describing a forest road “black with mud” during the spring thaw, the hero notes that in the water, which was filled with numerous ruts and traces of horse hooves, “the fire of the evening dawn was reflected.” The hero sees nature as a fairy tale, magic, merging the beauty of a moonlit night and the mystery of love into a single beautiful moment of life: “And this whole night merged into some kind of magical, enchanting fairy tale. The moon has risen, and its radiance is fancifully variegated and mysteriously colored the forest, lying among the darkness in uneven, bluish-pale spots on gnarled trunks, on curved branches, on moss soft, like a plush carpet. Thin trunks of birches turned white sharply and clearly, and on their sparse the foliage seemed to be covered with silvery, transparent, gaseous covers. And we walked, hugging, among this smiling living legend, without a single word, overwhelmed by our happiness and the silence of the forest.”

The problem of the relationship between man and nature is raised by Kuprin in the series of essays “Listrigons”, which emphasize the connection of man with natural life, the subordination of the work of fishermen to natural natural rhythms. The image of nature in “Listrigons” is emotionally charged. In descriptions of the night, sea, silence, starry sky, etc., the author often uses evaluative epithets, comparisons, and personifications. Kuprin shows in his work that the break between man and nature leads to the loss of cosmic connections and the inferiority of existence. Kuprin's hunting stories and descriptions of nature are presented to the reader as one of the attempts of modern man to restore the cosmic worldview, so relevant for our era.

Olesya Ivan Timofeevich Social status A simple girl. Urban intellectual. “Master,” as Manuilikha and Olesya call him, “panych” Yarmila calls him. Lifestyle, activities She lives with her grandmother in the forest and is happy with her life. Doesn't recognize hunting. He loves animals very much and takes care of them. A city dweller who, by the will of fate, finds himself in a remote village. Tries to write stories. In the village I hoped to find many legends and traditions, but I got bored very quickly. The only entertainment was [...]
Essay-reasoning Plan: 1. Introduction 2. Main part a) the theme of love in the work b) the question of human happiness c) the problem of people’s behavior in difficult life situations 3. Conclusion The story by Alexander Kuprin “The Lilac Bush” was written in 1984, and refers to the early work of the author. But it reveals the writer’s skill, his ability to subtly convey the psychological state of the characters. The work, which is small in volume, contains deep content and raises many important and [...]
The theme of the search for happiness is one of the key themes in the works of Russian classical literature, but few authors manage to reveal it as deeply and at the same time laconicly, as Kuprin does in the story “The Lilac Bush”. The story is not at all large in volume, and there is only one storyline in it - the relationship between Nikolai Almazov and his wife, Verochka. Both heroes of this work are looking for happiness, each in their own way, and each quite successfully. Almazov is a young ambitious officer, thirsting for fame and a brilliant career. At […]
Nikolai Almazov Verochka Almazova Character Traits Dissatisfied, irritable, weak, cowardly, stubborn, purposeful.
Failures made him insecure and nervous. Gentle, calm, patient, affectionate, restrained, strong. Characteristics Helpless, passive, wrinkles his forehead and spreads his arms in amazement, overly ambitious. Accurate, resourceful, active, fast, active, decisive, absorbed in love for her husband. Faith in the outcome of the case Unsure of success, cannot find [...]
Kuprin portrays true love as the highest value of the world, as an incomprehensible mystery. For such an all-consuming feeling there is no question “to be or not to be?” It is devoid of doubt, and therefore is often fraught with tragedy. “Love is always a tragedy,” wrote Kuprin, “always struggle and achievement, always joy and fear, resurrection and death.” Kuprin was deeply convinced that even an unrequited feeling can transform a person’s life. He wisely and touchingly spoke about this in “The Garnet Bracelet,” a sad […]
The mystery of love is eternal. Many writers and poets have tried unsuccessfully to unravel it. Russian word artists dedicated the best pages of their works to the great feeling of love. Love awakens and incredibly enhances the best qualities in a person’s soul, making him capable of creativity. The happiness of love cannot be compared with anything: the human soul flies, it is free and full of delight. The lover is ready to embrace the whole world, move mountains, powers are revealed in him that he did not even suspect about. Kuprin owns wonderful […]
Fyodor Reshetnikov is a famous Soviet artist. Many of his works are dedicated to children. One of them is the painting “Boys”, it was painted in 1971. It can be divided into three parts. The main characters of this picture are three boys. It can be seen that they climbed onto the roof to be closer to the sky and stars. The artist managed to depict late evening very beautifully. The sky is dark blue, but no stars are visible. Maybe that’s why the boys climbed onto the roof to see the first stars appear. On the background […]
Kurt Vonnegut is a famous American writer of German origin, prose writer and journalist. He is a classic and a legend of American culture, he is called a modern Mark Twain. The writer's ancestors came to America long before the appearance of the Statue of Liberty. Both Vonnegut’s grandfather and father were born in Indiana, but always felt “like Germans in America.” The future writer received his education at Cornell University in New York State. He started out as a biochemist, moving among young scientists and working closely with his native […]
“The History of a City” can rightfully be considered the pinnacle of Saltykov-Shchedrin’s creativity. It was this work that brought him fame as a satirical writer, strengthening it for a long time. I believe that “The History of a City” is one of the most unusual books dedicated to the history of the Russian state. The originality of “The Story of a City” lies in the amazing combination of the real and the fantastic. The book was created as a parody of Karamzin’s “History of the Russian State.” Historians often wrote history “by kings,” which […]
1. Essay-reasoning Plan 1. The vices of society described by Chekhov a) The “accusatory” period in Chekhov’s work b) The idea of the story “Ionych” 2. Five stages of degradation of the main character of the story a) The reason for the spiritual fall of Startsev 3. My attitude to the work Stories Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is considered something of an anecdote. They always contain a huge amount of satire and irony, but most often the works emanate kindness, you can feel that the author loves the characters he portrays. However, in life [...]
Hello, dear Vladimir Vladimirovich. Fifth grade student Ivanova Irina Ivanovna is writing to you. I must say that I really like you as president and I hope that my letter will reach you. I, like many children my age, love animals and nature, so I am very concerned about its protection. I believe that by making numerous laws to protect people's rights, you forget about our nature. Unfortunately, nature reserves do not help enough in preserving nature, because while society is protecting [...]
The novel by I.A. Goncharov is permeated with various opposites. The device of antithesis, on which the novel is built, helps to better understand the character of the characters and the author's intention. Oblomov and Stolz are two completely different personalities, but, as they say, opposites converge. They are connected by childhood and school, which you can learn about in the chapter “Oblomov’s Dream.” From it it becomes clear that everyone loved little Ilya, caressed him, and did not let him do anything on his own, although at first he was eager to do everything himself, but then they […]
Language is a distinctive feature of every people. The Russian language must be studied and protected, as it is an important part of the development of civilization. The culture of Russian society is impossible without knowledge and understanding of the native language. Russian is the richest and most living language. Studying it sometimes baffles people from other countries. A huge number of words, phrases and concepts require not only dry learning of words and rules, but also frequent practice. The same word can mean completely different things (bad or good, […]
Every writer, when creating his work, be it a science fiction short story or a multi-volume novel, is responsible for the fate of the heroes. The author tries not only to talk about a person’s life, depicting its most striking moments, but also to show how the character of his hero was formed, under what conditions it developed, what features of the psychology and worldview of a particular character led to a happy or tragic ending. The ending of any work in which the author draws a peculiar line under a certain [...]
Grigory Pechorin Maxim Maksimych Age Young, at the time of his arrival in the Caucasus he was about 25 years old Almost retired Military rank Officer of the Russian Imperial Army. Staff Captain Character Traits Anything new quickly gets boring. Suffering from boredom. In general, a young man, tired of life, jaded, is looking for a distraction in the war, but in just a month he gets used to the whistle of bullets and the roar of explosions, and begins to get bored again. I am sure that he brings nothing but misfortune to those around him, which strengthens his […]
Essay plan 1. Introduction 2. The image of the cherry orchard in the work: a) What does the cherry orchard symbolize? b) Three generations in the play 3. Problems of the play a) Internal and external conflict 4. My attitude to the work For more than a century, the play “The Cherry Orchard” has been successfully performed on the stages of many theaters, and not only Russian ones. The directors are always looking for thoughts that are relevant at the moment in this comedy, and sometimes they even stage the classic work in a way that, probably, Anton Pavlovich himself could not […]
One of Bulgakov’s best works was the story “The Heart of a Dog,” written in 1925. Representatives of the authorities immediately assessed it as a poignant pamphlet on modernity and banned its publication. The theme of the story “Heart of a Dog” is the image of man and the world in a difficult transitional era. On May 7, 1926, a search was carried out in Bulgakov’s apartment, a diary and a manuscript of the story “Heart of a Dog” were confiscated. Attempts to return them led nowhere. Later, the diary and story were returned, but Bulgakov burned the diary and more […]
At the center of F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” is the character of the hero of the 60s. XIX century, commoner, poor student Rodion Raskolnikov. Raskolnikov commits a crime: he kills the old money-lender and her sister, the harmless, simple-minded Lizaveta. Murder is a terrible crime, but the reader does not perceive Raskolnikov as a negative hero; he appears as a tragic hero. Dostoevsky endowed his hero with beautiful features: Raskolnikov was “remarkably good-looking, […]
The silent scene in N. V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General” is preceded by the denouement of the plot, Khlestakov’s letter is read, and the self-deception of the officials becomes clear. At this moment, what connected the heroes throughout the entire stage action - fear - goes away, and the unity of people disintegrates before our eyes. The terrible shock that the news of the arrival of the real auditor produced on everyone again unites people with horror, but this is no longer the unity of living people, but the unity of lifeless fossils. Their muteness and frozen poses show [...]

An approximate list of literary works and carriers of problems in the direction of "Man and Society"

Related posts:

Option 2

Several interesting essays