Instructions
Sketch a human figure. Swipe vertical line and break it into eight segments. In the upper division draw the head, the next three segments will be the torso, and the remaining four will be the legs. The length of the arms reaches mid-thigh. For a dressed figure, you only need to determine the proportions without drawing out the parts of the body covered with clothing.
Draw a sundress: two short straps go from the shoulders to a straight or figured neckline of the bodice. Under the chest, the sundress is gathered into folds, and towards the bottom it widens greatly. Draw wavy line bottom, depicting wide soft folds of fabric. From the chest line, draw radiating fold lines. Place a wide patterned border along the center and hem.
Now you need to draw the shoulders and puffy sleeves of the shirt - they can be expanded at the top or, conversely, at the bottom. The bottom of the sleeves is gathered at the cuff and forms a voluminous overlap. Another option is wide trapezoidal sleeves, decorated at the bottom with a wide embroidered border. The upper part of the shirt, not covered by a sundress, is also decorated with sun-shaped embroidery around the neck.
Draw a traditional hairstyle - even parting of hair, long braid, thrown over the shoulder in front. Place a large bow under the braid at the back of the head - its edges are visible from the front. And decorate the bottom of the braid with an embroidered braid.
On your head, draw a beautiful tall kokoshnik, heart-shaped or some other shape. The edge can be decorated with a scalloped line. Short threads in the form of a fringe can run along the side of the forehead, as well as along its edge along the forehead. Decorate the kokoshnik with a floral or geometric pattern that emphasizes its shape.
Start drawing a men's folk costume with a shirt ending below the waist. Draw the shoulders wider, more masculine. The sleeves of the shirt are either slightly widened towards the bottom and straight, or gathered at the cuff into an assembly. Draw a standing cylindrical collar and a clasp on the chest located on the left. Usually both of these elements are decorated with embroidery or braid.
Mandatory and important detail men's suit- belt or sash. They had a shirt belted around their waist. In the festive version, the sash was richly decorated. Draw a knotted belt with two ends hanging down.
Next, draw the trousers - they are wide, tucked into high boots or into rag boots wrapped around the lower leg, and bast shoes were put on top of the boots. Draw onuchi tied with a narrow cord with characteristic intersecting lines. The trouser legs form a small volume over the boot tops or onuches - an overlap of gathered fabric.
Shoe the person depicted either in soft boots with small heels or in bast shoes woven from golden bast. Try to accurately convey the weaving, because bast shoes are originally Russian shoes and are one of the most typical and recognizable elements of folk costume.
A couple of days ago Alena Belova wrote to me asking me to show how to draw a folk costume with a pencil. I have already done a lot of drawing lessons on different clothes. You will see links to them below, under this lesson. And for this I selected a picture depicting women’s festive clothing from the Tver province of the 19th century:
On the left is a sundress, a shirt and a belt. On the right is a girl's festive shirt with a belt. If you were asked this topic in history or art class, you can use this lesson:
How to draw a Russian folk costume with a pencil step by step
Step one. I sketch the main parts of the costumes. This is no different from a sketch of a person, only without the head and legs. It is also important to maintain proportions here.
Step two. Draw the shape of the dresses. Folk costumes (at least ours) were not open, so here almost the entire body is hidden.
Step three. Very important point these are folds. Without them, the drawing will look like a paper dress. Try to show all possible curves and shadows from them on the dress.
Step four. One more distinguishing feature folk costume is an abundance of patterns. This is not just some kind of invention from Armani or Gucci. Each pattern means something. It’s difficult to draw them, but if you don’t do this, it will be difficult for the viewer to determine: is this a dress of some young lady or a folk costume? And so, by looking just for a second, anyone can determine without error.
Step five. If you add shading, the drawing will become more realistic.
I already wrote above that I have a lot of drawing lessons here. You can take any theme that has clothes in it and copy it. But I have selected the best thematic lessons from this and am giving them to you.
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Russian folk costume Each nation expressed its understanding of human beauty, primarily through costume. The word "suit", which comes from French, means "custom". Presentation created by teacher primary classes GBOU Secondary School No. 423 of Kronstadt Kharitonova N.V.
Look at these costumes, their marvelous colors. It was as if someone had collected colors from flowering meadows, from blue rivers, from fiery sunsets and placed them on clothes.
Festive costumes were created by craftswomen with special diligence and passed down from mother to daughter.
The basis of women's and men's costume was a shirt made of homespun linen. For men, the length of the shirt was below the knees, for women - to the very heels.
The patterns were placed along the edge of the hem, sleeves, collars, above the folds of the arms, along the seams and side slits as amulets.
Shoes were bast shoes, and leather boots were also worn. The costume was complemented by a belt-amulet. The role of the belt is great in various rituals; girls prepared belts as a dowry.
The South Russian complex was distinguished by the presence of a poneva, an apron-curtain. Poneva - element of Russian folk costume, women's woolen skirt married women(usually checkered) with a richly decorated hem
Tula outfit
South Russian ponyov complex Headdress - magpie Embroidered shirt Poneva apron Lapti Curtain Belt (sash)
Hats Kichka Soroka
The North Russian complex is characterized by a sarafan, dushegreya or epanechka. Headdress: kokoshnik, crown.
North Russian sundress complex Kokoshnik Crown Shirt Dushegrey Epanechka Sundress Boots Lapti
Patterns Ornament Patterns of stylized plants, flowers, and branches were depicted. The most common elements of ornaments: triangles, rhombuses, oblique crosses, octagonal stars, rosettes, fir trees, bushes, rectangles with dots, stylized figures of a woman, bird, horse, deer.
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Despite the change of names and political system, our country bears ancient and special cultural values our ancestors. They lie not only in art, traditions, and characteristic features of the nation, but also in the national costume.
History of creation
Old Russian costume is considered to be the national clothing of the population of Rus' during the pre-Mongol invasion and Moscow Rus', before Peter I came to power. N and the formation of special features of outfits was influenced by several factors at once: close relations with Byzantium and Western Europe, With climatic conditions, activities of the vast majority of the population(cattle breeding, arable farming).
Clothes were made mainly from linen, cotton, wool, and they themselves had a simple cut and a long, closed style. But those who could afford it, decorated their modest attire in every possible way with immodest decorative elements: pearl beads, silk embroidery, gold or silver thread embroidery, fur trim. The national costume was also distinguished by its bright colors (crimson, scarlet, azure, green shades).
The costume of the era of Moscow Rus' from the 15th to the 17th centuries has been preserved characteristic features, but has undergone some changes towards a more intricate cut. The differences in the attire of the population were influenced by class division: the richer and more noble a person was, the more multi-layered his outfit was, and it was worn both indoors and outdoors, regardless of the time of year. Swinging and fitted clothes appeared, and Eastern and Polish culture had their influence. In addition to flax, cloth, silk, and velvet materials were used. There remains a tradition of sewing bright clothes and richly decorating them.
At the turn of the 17th – 18th centuries, Peter I issued decrees prohibiting everyone except peasants and priests from dressing in national costumes, which played a negative role in their development. The decrees were issued with the aim of establishing political relations with European allies and adopting their culture. The people were forcibly instilled with taste, replacing chic, but long-length and uncomfortable multi-layered clothes with more comfortable and lightweight pan-European ones with short caftans and low-cut dresses.
The Russian national costume remained in use by the people and merchants, but still adopted some fashion trends, for example, a sundress belted under the chest. In the second half of the 18th century, Catherine II made an attempt to restore some national identity to European costumes that had become fashionable, especially with regard to the materials used and the pomp of decoration.
The 19th century returned the demand for national costume, in which the growing role played by Patriotic War patriotism. Sundresses and kokoshniks returned to the everyday life of noble ladies. They were made from brocade, muslin, cambric. The emerging clothing, for example, the “women’s uniform,” may not outwardly resemble the national costume, but still had a certain symbolic division into “shirt” and “sarafan.” In the 20th century, due to being cut off from European suppliers, there was a peculiar return of national dresses, and in the second half, in the 70s, it was nothing more than a fashion trend.
Despite the fact that a certain traditional set of clothing can be distinguished, due to the large territory of the country The national costume took on characteristic features in certain regions. The North Russian set is word of mouth, and the slightly older South Russian set is ponyevny. In central Russia, the costume was more similar to the northern one, but there were features from the southern regions.
Sundresses were swinging and blind, had a trapezoidal style, and were sewn from one or several fabrics. Simpler sundresses are products with straps, straight cut. Festive ones were made of silk and brocade, and for everyday affairs and life - cloth and chintz. Sometimes a soul warmer was worn over the sundress.
The South Russian costume included a long shirt and a loincloth skirt - ponev. Poneva was worn over a shirt, wrapped around the hips and secured with a woolen cord at the waist. It could be either hinged or closed, and be complemented by an apron.
Each province had its own preferences and features in decoration, colors, elements and even names. In the Voronezh province, ponevs were decorated with orange embroidery, in the Arkhangelsk, Tver and Vologda provinces geometric symbols were common, and what was called “feryaz” in the Yaroslavl province was “magpie” in the Smolensk province.
IN modern world its own special fashion, but among the people there is an interest in the origins, national clothing. Traditional outfits can be seen in museums and sometimes at exhibitions; they are used for theater and dance performances, and at festivals. Many designers and fashion designers use the characteristic features of Russian folk costume in their collections, and some of them, like researchers, delve into detailed study, for example, Sergey Glebushkin and Fyodor Parmon.
Peculiarities
Despite the large differences in regions and even provinces, it is possible to identify common characteristic features of national Russian clothing: multi-layered, flared silhouette, bright colors, rich trim.
Multi-component attire was characteristic of all segments of the population. While the working people's costume could consist of seven elements, the rich nobles already had twenty. One garment was worn on top of another, be it swinging, blind, slip-on, with fasteners and ties. The national outfit is practically not characterized by a fitted silhouette; on the contrary, loose, trapezoidal styles are held in high esteem, and in most cases the length is floor-length.
The Russian people have long had a passion for bright flowers that bring joy. The most common are red, blue, gold, white, light blue, pink, crimson, green, gray. But besides them, each province had its own preferences in shades, of which there were a great variety: lingonberry, cornflower blue, smoky, nettle, lemon, poppy, sugar, dark clove, saffron - and these are just a few of them. But black was used only in elements of some regions, and then for a long time was associated exclusively with mourning attire.
Since ancient times, embroidery has sacred meaning for Russian national costume. First of all, it has always acted not as decoration, but as a talisman, protection from evil spirits. Pagan symbolism did not fall into oblivion even with the advent of Christianity, but the ornaments acquired new elements, combining old Slavic and new church motifs. Protective amulets embroidered on the collar, cuffs, and hem. The most commonly used color scheme was red threads on a white canvas, and only after that multicolor began to spread.
Over time, embroidery acquired a rather decorative character, although it carried themes of ancient ornaments and patterns. The development of gold embroidery art, embroidery with river pearls, and crafts, elements of which were transferred from dishes and furniture to clothing, also played a role in changing the meaning. The original Russian pattern assumes strict geometric shapes, almost complete absence rounded elements, which was determined by the embroidery technique. The most common motifs and specific symbols: the sun, flowers and plants, animals (birds, horses, deer), female figures, huts, figures (diamonds, beveled cross, herringbone, rosettes, octagonal stars).
The use of elements of crafts, for example, Khokhloma or Gorodets painting, came into use later.
In addition to embroidery, the outfits of the nobility were decorated with buttons(wooden buttons entwined with gingham, lace, pearls, and sometimes precious stones), To lace and fur along the hem and neck, stripes, necklaces(embroidered with pearls, snap-on collar made of satin, velvet, brocade). Additional elements include false sleeves, belts and sashes, bags sewn to them, jewelry, muffs, hats.
Varieties
The modern women's national costume is a kind of compilation of several characteristic features at once, because in fact there are a lot of types and variants of the original Russian costume. Most often we imagine a shirt with voluminous long sleeves, colored or red sundress. However, although the simplified version is the most common, it is far from the only one, since many designers and simply folk artists return to the traditions of their regions, which means that various styles and elements come into use.
Costumes for girls and children are very similar to adult models and include shirts, blouses, trousers, sundresses, aprons, skirts, and hats. Very children's models can be sewn with short sleeves, for greater convenience, and, in principle, have general view dresses, but with a certain national elements. For teenage girls, there is a greater variety of adult models, not only sundresses and shirts, but also fur coats.
Winter folk costume consists of a lot of heavy clothing. In addition to a warm woolen sundress, part of the outfit for the cold season is a short, swinging fur coat, opashen, soul warmer, padded warmer, fur coats, woolen stockings, warm hats and shawls. Richer versions contain natural fur.
Holidays
Stage costumes There are two types: those most similar to real national outfits (for the choir), in which the rules of tailoring are observed, and stylized ones, in which many traditional elements are present, but the necessary deviations are allowed. For example, outfits for round dance, Russian folk dance or others dance styles should, first of all, be as comfortable as possible, so skirts can be shortened, excessively fluffy, and sleeves not only long, but also ¾, “lanterns”. Besides, stage costumes, unless it's theatrical production, richly decorated and as bright as possible, attracting attention.
Wedding national costumes look especially elegant and luxurious. For the rich and noble, they were made from heavy, expensive fabrics, while the people could afford simpler ones, such as linen. White was considered a symbol of holiness, therefore wedding dresses performed in other colors - silver, cream or multi-colored, elegant. The presence of embroidery of flora symbols - berries, leaves, flowers was considered mandatory. In addition, the concept of wedding attire included four sets of clothes at once - for pre-wedding festivities, weddings, ceremonies and celebrations.
Folklore costumes are as close as possible to the originals. Craftsmen recreate costumes with characteristic features one or another region, province. Carnival costumes can be similar to folk costumes or, conversely, be simplified in many ways. However, festive outfits are undoubtedly bright and maximally decorated.
Modern style
National color– one of the special styles in fashion, because it involves the interweaving of modern fashion trends and traditional features in the culture of a particular people. Slavic and Russian motifs are loved not only by our compatriots, but also by some foreign designers. You can wear these clothes to any event and still look ultra-stylish and appropriate.
A couple of days ago Alena Belova wrote to me asking me to show how to draw a folk costume with a pencil. I have already done a lot of drawing lessons on different clothes. You will see links to them below, under this lesson. And for this I selected a picture depicting women’s festive clothing from the Tver province of the 19th century: On the left is a sundress, a shirt and a belt. On the right is a girl's festive shirt with a belt. If you were asked this topic in history or art class, you can use this lesson:
How to draw a Russian folk costume with a pencil step by step
Step one. I sketch the main parts of the costumes. This is no different from a sketch of a person, only without the head and legs. It is also important to maintain proportions here. 
Step two. Draw the shape of the dresses. Folk costumes (at least ours) were not open, so here almost the entire body is hidden. 
Step three. A very important point is the folds. Without them, the drawing will look like a paper dress. Try to show all possible curves and shadows from them on the dress. 
Step four. Another distinctive feature of folk costume is the abundance of patterns. This is not just some kind of invention from Armani or Gucci. Each pattern means something. It’s difficult to draw them, but if you don’t do this, it will be difficult for the viewer to determine: is this a dress of some young lady or a folk costume? And so, by looking just for a second, anyone can determine without error. 
Step five. If you add shading, the drawing will become more realistic. 
I already wrote above that I have a lot of drawing lessons here. You can take any theme that has clothes in it and copy it. But I have selected the best thematic lessons from this and am giving them to you.