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Cheerful, kind, brave, resourceful, greedy, curious, evil, harmful, simple-minded, sympathetic, courageous, fearless, courageous, mystical... The male character in the fairy tale is the teacher of GBOU Secondary School No. 1637 Nikitushkina G.V.
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Leshy The goblin is also called a forester, a forester, a leshak, a forester, a woodsman. The place of residence of the goblin is a remote forest slum, but sometimes also a wasteland. However, this spirit lives in the forest only in the warm season. At the beginning of October, he falls through the ground and spends the winter somewhere in the underworld, and in the spring he jumps out of the ground again and settles in his old lair. Before wintering, the goblin usually goes berserk, raises a storm, breaks trees, and drives animals into holes and lairs. According to Polish belief, the goblin loves old dry trees, especially willows; he often sits on these trees, taking on the appearance of an owl. Poles-villagers avoid cutting down such trees, so as not to incur some kind of trouble on themselves by angering the devil. According to Russian belief, the goblin also loves old trees, but prefers to turn gray in their hollows. We have a saying: “Out of an empty hollow is either an owl, an owl, or Satan himself.”
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Vodyanoy Vodyanoy (Vodyanik, Vodovik) is a character in ancient Slavic mythology, the lord of reservoirs and lord of the water element. The merman, like other higher elemental spirits (Leshy, Brownie), is not an isolated character. Our ancestors believed that each body of water, be it a river, lake or stream, has its own guardian, or Vodyany, who performs a purely administrative function - monitoring the balance and harmony of the ecosystem entrusted to him. However, in emergency situations, Vodyanoy can act as the head of the power structures of a reservoir, that is, for example, when trying to capture a forest lake by dark forces (swamping), Vodyanoy gathers mermaids and other water spirits around him and leads them into battle. Vodyanoy does not live in swamps, so our ancestors considered swamps to be extremely negative places
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Brownie January 28 - Kudesy - day of treating the brownie. Brownie - baker, joker, cricket protector. The name of the holiday - kudesy (tambourines) - indicates that our ancestors communicated with the brownie or simply had fun, delighting the ears with music: Grandfather-next-door! Eat the porridge and take care of our hut! The brownie is none other than one of the children of the god Veles, the original protector of the Slavs. And his children settled closer to people in order to help them in everything. Those who lived behind the stove were called brownies, those who went into the forest were called goblins, the good spirits of rivers and lakes were called water spirits, and those who were ready to help a person in the field were field workers. According to one of the legends, this spirit came from among the rebellious celestials thrown to earth. Having settled down close to people, he acquired good nature and a penchant for jokes, which, frankly speaking, were distinguished by a fair amount of originality.
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Damn Damn, Devil (Russian “devil”, “devil”, Ukrainian, Belarusian, devil, Slovenian crt, Czech, Slovakian cert, Polish czart, probably from Proto-Slavic *cьrt, “cursed” ), in Slavic mythology an evil spirit. The image of Ch. is of pre-Christian origin, but Christian ideas about the devil had a decisive influence on his later appearance: in folklore and folk pictures, Ch. are anthropomorphic creatures covered with black fur, with horns, tails and hooves. “The devil is drawn, and so terrible: black, with horns, a tail and hooves” - this is how this representative of evil spirits is described in one of the Russian fairy tales. Its hooves can be those of a goat, a cow or a horse - the character and malignancy of the devil’s offspring do not depend on this. All Slavic peoples know devils. They were called differently everywhere, especially since it was never recommended to directly remember the devil - he would appear in an instant! Usually they used substitute nicknames and euphemisms: undead, enemy, evil one, unclean, unwashed, gamer, cursed.
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Koschey the Immortal The naming of this character deserves attention. Storytellers called him “Kashchey”, “Kashch”, “Kashcha”. In Ukrainian fairy tales, the name Koschey has such vowels as “Kostey” and is especially consonant with the word “bones,” which, probably, along with the obvious connection of this character with the idea of death, served as the basis for later depictions of this character, for example, in film adaptations of fairy tales, in the form of a thin, skeletal-like man. It is also significant that in Russian folk dialects the word “Koshchey” means “a thin, skinny person, a walking skeleton.” However, most likely, it is of foreign language origin. In the monuments of ancient Russian writing, the word “koschey” is found with the meaning “adolescent, boy”, “prisoner, slave”
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Petrushka Oddly enough, Petrushka is not a native Russian puppet theater character. Its prototypes can be found in different countries. In Italy - this is Pulcinella, in Germany - Kasper, or Gansvut, in France - Polichinelle, in England - Mr. Punch, Turkey - Karagöz, Hungary - the knight Laszlo, India - Vidushaka. That’s why Petrushka’s clothes are foreign: a red cap with a tassel, the same red shirt, a cloak and canvas pants. And the appearance of the doll cannot be called Slavic. It is believed that it was from the Italian Pulicinella (translated as “cockerel”) that she received such an unusual appearance: large almond-shaped eyes, a huge hooked nose, exaggeratedly large arms and head, and a hump on the back. Even the face itself was dark, and the eyes were black. A wide-open mouth is by no means a smile, it’s a real grin, because Petrushka was not initially a positive hero. In addition, he had only four fingers on his hands, which perhaps hinted at a dark essence.
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jester Jester 1. A wit and a joker, specially kept at a palace or at a rich manor house to entertain gentlemen and guests with funny antics. Court sh. Barsky sh, 2. Comic character in farce shows, clown. 3. transfer The one who makes jokes makes faces for the amusement of others (colloquial disapproved).. Jesters and fools were “constant, fixed in ordinary (i.e., not carnival) life, bearers of the carnival principle.” They completely got used to their comedic “mask”; the role and existence of the buffoon coincided. The type of jester contains universal comedy, extending to the asociality and intemperance of the trickster himself (self-parody), to his fooled victims, high rituals, etc.
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The image of Ivan the Tsarevich Ivan the Tsarevich is the hero of Russian fairy tales. The main character in many fairy-tale plots (for example, “The Frog Princess”, “Ivan the Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”, “Rejuvenating Apples”, “Finist the Clear Falcon”, “The Dead Princess”, “One-Eyed, Two-Eyed and Three-Eyed” ). Many researchers consider Ivan the Tsarevich to be an ideal fairy-tale hero. Indeed, in fairy tales, Ivan the Tsarevich is always portrayed as a young, handsome, active and brave hero. N.V. Novikov believes that the image of Ivan the Tsarevich was formed under the influence of the heroic epic. Traces of such influence are manifested in such motives as the acquisition of heroic strength, fights with monsters, and the return to life of a deceased hero. V. Ya. Propp correlated the image of Ivan the prince with the most ancient mythological characters who die and are resurrected annually, starting a new life (Osiris, Yarila).
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The image of Ivanushka the Fool Ivanushka the Fool is a character in everyday life and fairy tales of the late tradition of folk tales. The emergence of this image is associated, first of all, with lexical associations: vyunosh, vyunets, bindweed, vansha, vanyok “young man, youth, yunak, well done”; vanka "doll, blockhead"; vanzha, vanzya, vanka "fool, stupid", "simpleton, simpleton." The latest meanings of the word vanka appear relatively recently - at the final stage of the transition of the processes of social development in Rus' into the phase of sustainable degeneration of the traditional foundations of the primordial civilization.
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The image of a soldier A Russian soldier can be loved or hated, he can be captured and even defeated in battle, but the enemy will never be able to find out the mystery of the soul of a Russian warrior. The most popular hero of Russian fairy tales, along with forest animals and the kolobok. As a rule, in the plot of a fairy tale, the soldier is either demobilized or AWOL. He is distinguished by his wisdom and ingenuity, as well as his cooking abilities: one porridge from an ax is worth something.
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The image of an old man In almost every fairy tale there is an old man who suddenly appears in front of the main character, gives him useful advice and also unexpectedly disappears. In the fairy tale “The Frog Princess” he is also there: “: He was walking, whether close, whether far, or briefly, an old old man came across him: We read in the fairy tale “Two Ivans - Soldiers’ Sons”: “They walk along the road, but towards they are a gray-haired old man; They forgot that their mother was punishing them and walked past without saying hello...<...>There is nothing to be done, the good fellows went home and hung their heads; They are walking along the road, and they meet that old man again." The Myths say who this old man is: ": They (heavenly warriors Evening with Midnight) suddenly met on their way a little old man with a gray beard. And that old man began to beckon them to follow him - he would lure them in one direction, then lead them in another, then turn back: And the old man disappeared, as if he had never been. This is the kind of power this old man possessed, and all because he was Time itself: “That is why the old man knows everything about Vasilisa the Wise: “Vasilisa the Wise was born more cunning, wiser than her father; That’s why he got angry with her and ordered her to be a frog for three years,” and about where Tsarevich Ivan should go to find her: “Here’s a ball for you, where it will roll - follow it.”
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Internet resources: http://www.gp.dn.ua/?p=16313 http://www.liveinternet.ru/use... http://elvenpath.epot.biz/view... http://vdnews. ru/news/2831 http://komkultura.ru/?p=6538 Http://www.ruskid.ru/audioskaz… http://pryahi.indeep.ru/histor… http://my-dictionary.ru /word/38682/shut/ http://mp3sort.biz/viewtn.php? http://moeimja.kz/tolkovanie-s... http://tsivin.narod.ru/content... http://procanvas.ru/shop/repro... http://russian7.ru/2012/02/7- http://felbert.livejournal.com/825553.html http://photo.qip.ru/users/dank http://www.sayanogorsk.info/attach/id/24673/skazki_russkogo_lesa.jpg
Fairy tales shape the thinking, fantasy and worldview of many generations. Fairy tales not only entertained us as children, but the actions of the heroes of Russian fairy tales taught us to distinguish between good and evil, to be brave and to act justly.
At the same time, fairy tales reflect different beliefs, views and ideas of the people at different times. During its development, the fairy tale changed significantly, and its functions also changed. If it was initially used for a magical incantatory purpose (to summon good luck in a hunt, to protect oneself from enemies or to ensure victory in battle), then over time, having lost its ritual meaning, the tale acquired an aesthetic, educational or entertaining character.
Fairy-tale characters also remained conventional. They are types, not individuals, which means they are described in general terms, often idealized, exalted, and exaggerated. The main images here are always antagonistic: one embodies the good, the beautiful; the other is evil forces. Hence their characteristics - actions, actions, intentions, language. According to their functions, the heroes of Russian fairy tales are conventionally divided into do-gooders, evil-doers and the disadvantaged.
The largest group of fairy-tale folk epics consists of magical, fantastic tales. An explanation of many motives and characteristics of fairy-tale heroes can only be found in comparison with ancient rituals, elements of the socio-religious way of life of the Proto-Slavs and ancient Eurasians. Let's try to analyze some of the most famous characters in Russian fairy tales.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Baba Yaga
Baba Yaga is a character from Slavic mythology and folklore. Usually an ugly old woman endowed with magical powers and magical items. Often a witch, sorceress. Most often she is a negative character (she lures children and good fellows into her hut on chicken legs to eat), but sometimes she acts as the hero’s assistant. According to folklore specialist Vladimir Propp, three types of Baba Yaga can be distinguished in fairy tales: the giver (gives the main character a fairy-tale horse), the kidnapper of children and the warrior (she fights with the main character “to the death”).
In modern ideas, Baba Yaga is the mistress of the forest and the guardian of the borders of the “other world” (far away kingdom). That's why she has a bone leg - to stand in the world of the dead. In many fairy tales, Baba Yaga heats the bathhouse and vaporizes the hero, performing the ritual of ablution. Then he feeds him, that is, he performs a funeral feast with him. And the female image of Baba Yaga itself is associated, according to researchers, with matriarchal ideas about the structure of the social world.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Water
In Slavic mythology - a spirit that lives in water, the owner of water, the embodiment of the element of water as a negative and dangerous principle. He appears before us in the form of an obese old man, goggle-eyed, with a fish tail. He has a huge beard and mustache, sometimes fish-like features, webbed paws and a horn on his head. Lives in whirlpools and whirlpools, but especially loves water mills. Therefore, the millers cajoled them in every possible way, and also buried a live black rooster or other security attributes under the log where the door to the mill would be. Vodyanoy is often associated with the king of the sea.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Firebird
A fairytale bird is usually the target of a search for a fairy tale hero. The feathers of the firebird glow and amaze with beauty. Lives in the Garden of Eden, in a golden cage. He eats golden apples, heals the sick with his singing and restores sight to the blind. At a deep mythological level, he is the personification of fire, light and sun. Therefore, every year in the fall the Firebird dies and is reborn in the spring. At the cross-cultural level, it has an analogue - the Phoenix bird, reborn from the ashes.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Zmey-Gorynych
A fire-breathing dragon with several heads, the personification of evil in fairy tales and epics. He usually lives in the mountains, near a fiery river and guards the “Kalinov Bridge”, through which one enters the kingdom of the dead. The number of heads of the Serpent-Gorynych is usually three (3, 6, 9 or 12). In fairy tales, the element of fire is usually associated with the serpent. The Serpent-Gorynych kidnaps girls (often princesses) to feast on them. After this, the main characters come to him for a duel, first killing his viper cubs.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Ivan the Fool
A very popular image in mythology, which, when solving problems, is guided by its own, non-standard solutions, often contrary to common sense, but bringing success. The designation “fool” is interpreted in different ways. Some researchers consider this a talisman against the evil eye. According to another version, Ivan is called a fool, since usually in fairy tales he is the third son, who is not entitled to a share of the parental inheritance (hence the ability to think outside the box and find a way out of difficult situations). Etymologically, the image of Ivan the Fool is connected with the image of a priest, because he can sing and play various instruments, and also speaks in riddles. At the end of the fairy tales, Ivan the Fool receives wealth and a princess as his wife.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Cat-bayun
A huge cannibal cat with a magical voice. On the one hand, he charms and lulls travelers with his tales, on the other, his tales can heal. The word “bayun” itself means “talker, storyteller.” In fairy tales, Cat Bayun sits on a high pillar far away in the thirtieth kingdom or in a lifeless forest where there are no animals. In one of the fairy tales, he lives with Baba Yaga.
Catching the Cat Bayun is usually a test for the main character, who catches him wearing an iron cap and iron gloves. But the captured Cat Bayun later serves at the royal court, healing the sick with his stories.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Kolobok
A fairy-tale character in the form of spherical wheat bread, who runs away from grandparents, from various animals, but in the end is eaten by a fox. This character clearly personifies the reverent attitude of the Slavic people towards bread, and its sacred meaning. Namely, the round shape of Kolobok, which also rolls, which refers us to the cult of the sun.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Koschey (Kashchei) the Immortal
An evil sorcerer whose death is hidden in several nested magical animals and objects. “On the sea, on the ocean, there is an island, on that island there is an oak tree, under the oak tree there is a chest buried, in the chest there is a hare, in the hare there is a duck, in the duck there is an egg, in the egg there is the death of Koshchei.” Often kidnaps the main character's fiancee. In appearance - a thin (Koschei - from the word “bone”) tall old man or a living skeleton. Sometimes on a talking and flying horse. A powerful sorcerer, which also allows us to call priests his prototypes.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Goblin
The master spirit of the forest in Slavic mythology. His appearance can be different, his breeds are even opposite in different fairy tales - sometimes he is small in stature, sometimes a giant, sometimes an anthropomorphic creature, sometimes he has an animal appearance. In any case, its nature is otherworldly. People's attitude towards him is also ambivalent. On the one hand, they are afraid of him, he can make a person get lost, sometimes he plays pranks, and he can punish for inappropriate behavior in his domain. At the same time, it is the Leshy who protects the forest, on which human life largely depends.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Miracle Yudo
A character in folk tales and epics, and even pre-Slavic mythology. The positive or negative nature of the character is not clearly indicated, as well as his gender - in different eras he was female, male, and neuter. Miracle Yudo is a character so ancient that researchers find it difficult to link him to any phenomenon.
It could be a sea animal, a mythical serpent, a dragon. And in the author’s fairy tale “The Little Humpbacked Horse” by Pyotr Ershov (1834) there is the Miracle Yudo Fish-Whale - a fish-island.
“The ball rolls along wide valleys, along deep ravines...” Fairy tales, tales, stories... In ancient times, people did not invent fairy tales. People simply talked about what surrounded them, what they knew and what their ancestors knew. And these stories have existed for thousands of years. In fact, just imagine, some fairy tales are seven to ten thousand years old (and maybe much more?)!
Fairy tales are filled with metaphors and images. You just need to be able to understand them. But most often we can only guess what is behind these images. Probably thanks to this, fairy tales preserve what was originally inherent in them. Without fully understanding the meaning of the images, people telling fairy tales did not introduce their thoughts into them, but simply conveyed everything as it was.
Therefore, every famous fairy tale has several levels or layers of knowledge about the structure of the world and man, about the foundations of life, deeply hidden and not immediately revealed. There is not a single random empty word or event in a fairy tale. Everything is harmonious and harmonious.. And it will take us a very long time to reveal its secrets.
Among the ancient Slavs, life seemed endless, in the form of a vicious circle, where there was neither beginning nor end. There was no death.. Fairy-tale heroes, in search of what they wanted, went far away to the thirtieth kingdom, fearing neither time nor space, wearing out three pairs of iron boots along the way, grinding down three iron staves….
They went so far and so easily... Why? What is there - in this distant unknown..? Far away lands, the thirtieth kingdom... Probably, some secret is hidden in these numbers.
Russian people have always been attracted to everything unknown and mysterious. And although fairy tales had their origins in real life, there is no doubt that people also believed in miracles. The characters in fairy tales were creatures similar to humans, but possessing magical powers. They could become invisible or change shape, often appearing in the form of animals or birds. They could predict the future. Some were immortal, others lived for hundreds of years.
“But in the old days everything was. Will old people really start lying? The old people told the truth, they won’t lie. And the dead rose again, and the beasts spoke.”
This is what the famous storyteller Agafya Zaitseva said: “But it seems to me that fairy tales have been preserved not because of this belief in miracles and magic, but because of their faith in man - his intelligence, nobility, selflessness, wisdom and selflessness.”
“The thought of ordinary blessings is lost there...” said the unusually talented, but, unfortunately, now almost forgotten, Russian storyteller Stepan Pisakhov. Nowadays, few people remember this name. And this was a real Storyteller.
Reading his works, you begin to understand how a fairy tale is born and then goes on to live its own life. How, moving from place to place, from person to person, leaving years and centuries behind it, it turns into an eternal and imperishable treasure...
Here’s how Pisakhov himself wrote about himself: “I started writing and telling fairy tales a long time ago, and rarely wrote them down. My maternal grandparents are from the Pinezhsky district, near Arkhangelsk. My grandfather was a storyteller. His name was the storyteller Leonty. It never occurred to anyone to write down the tales of grandfather Leonty. They talked about him: he was a great inventor, he told everything to the point, everything to the point. Grandfather Leonty was hired as a storyteller to go fishing.
In bad weather they crowded into the fishing hut. In cramped conditions and in the dark: a smokehouse in a bowl with animal fat was shining. They didn't take any books with them. There was no nobility about radio. The storyteller begins a long fairy tale, or he starts a story with an incredible story. He speaks for a long time, stops, asks: “Friends, comrades, are you awake?” Someone will respond in a sleepy voice: “No, we’re not sleeping yet, tell me.”
The storyteller continues to weave the tale. If no one raised their voices, the storyteller could sleep. The storyteller received two shares: one for fishing, the other for fairy tales. I didn’t find grandfather Leonty and didn’t hear his tales. Since childhood, I have been among the rich northern word creation. When working on fairy tales, memory restores individual phrases, sayings, and words.
For example: - “You’re so hot, if you touch you, you’ll burn your hands.” A girl, a guest from Pinega, talked about her life: “Mama wakes me up in the morning, but I’m sleeping and in a hurry!” When they met, the old woman asked: “Why haven’t you been seen for a long time - neither in a sheaf, nor in a handful?”
They asked me where I get themes for fairy tales? The answer is simple: After all, rhymes easily live with me, two will come on their own, the third will be brought. I often write fairy tales from life, almost from life. Much is remembered and much begs to be told in a fairy tale. It would take a long time to list what gave rise to this or that fairy tale. I'll tell you for example. One visitor asked me how long I have been living in Arkhangelsk. The secret is not great.
I said: “Since 1879.”
“Tell me, how many houses were there in Arkhangelsk before?”
There was something casually condescending in the tone, in the question. I answered in the same tone as the visitor: “There used to be one pillar, on the pillar there was a board with the inscription: A-r-h-a-n-g-e-l-y-s-k. People huddled around the pillar. There were no houses, they didn’t even know about them. Some covered themselves with coniferous branches, others buried themselves in the snow, and in winter they wrapped themselves in animal skins. I had a bear. In the morning I shook the bear out of its skin and climbed into the skin myself. It's warm to walk around in a bearskin, and the frost is a different matter. At night I gave the skin to the bear.”
It was possible to weave a fairy tale. And the visitor is ready to believe. He found himself in the “wild north”. He wanted polar impressions... I left the visitor to figure out what the city was like without houses.
One day an old Nenets man comes. He talked about this and that, drank tea and asked: “Tell me, artist, you know, that’s why those people, a hundred people come, have two truths, and we have one? I'm trying.. I don't understand:. Like two truths... the same as one... With them there is good for bad, and bad for good, but with us, bad is bad, good is good.”
They talked a lot, and either that year or in 1907, when they lived again before the autumn voyage, they told me fairy tales. I think I remember two of them. I kept it inside myself like an expensive gift. Now many years have passed, it is possible to convey how I wrote it down then. What I like more is the dream of a happy land, where there is no anger, no enmity, where there is only love:
“If you cross the ice, going all the way to the north, and jump over the walls of the whirling winds, then you will find yourself among people who only love and know neither hostility nor malice. But those people have one leg, and each individually they cannot move, but they love and walk hugging each other, loving. When they hug, they can walk and run, and if they stop loving, they immediately stop hugging and die. And when they love, they can create miracles. If you need to chase an animal or escape from an evil spirit, those people draw sleighs and deer in the snow, sit down and drive so fast that the east wind cannot catch up.”
And here is the second fairy tale: “The hero of the fairy tale found a grave frame in the forest: four low pillars driven into the ground and surrounded by boards, like a box. Near a sleigh with a cart, overturned, and reindeer in harness. The hero looked around, there was no one, he began to call:
- Is there anyone here? A voice from the grave responded: “Here I am, girl, buried.”
- Why are you buried?
- Yes, I'm dead.
- How did you know, or who told you, that you were dead?
“I was dead all my life, I didn’t have a soul, but I didn’t know about it and lived like everyone else alive. And when I was a bride and was sitting with the groom and family by the fire on the eve of the wedding, a coal jumped out of the fire and fell on me. I, my family, and the groom found out that I had no soul, but only an appearance. They buried me, and with me everything that was mine. Hero said:
- If you want, I will break the grave and you will live. No, I don't have another soul. But I will give you half of my soul, you will be my wife!
The girl agreed. The hero of the fairy tale broke the grave frame, freed the girl and took her with him.”
Throw a crumb into the forest, you’ll go and find it. You’re stingy, not on the net. They don’t call me stingy, but can I remind you something new?
He asked the old man: “Why haven’t you come in for a long time?” “There was no backlog.” The Pomor arrived - there was only one captain. - “Why didn’t your wife come? “I wasn’t in a hurry.”
Don’t be offended that some sayings go wrong. By the way, they run to the place, line up... They are easy to bow, quick to speak, they lead round dances, weave a pattern with words. Just make sure to write down where they take it from and where they put it! It’s the same with fairy tales: I’m sitting here writing... And it also happened that the fairy tale wouldn’t let me go! What if I flew to the moon in my grandmother’s skirt with two samovars? There's no stopping! We must fly, have a look and return home!
Don’t think that I’m talking - I’m talking... You can’t put a ban on thoughts. Let it fly and curl. They say: a person cannot invent what cannot be.”
Can’t...A person can’t come up with something that can’t be...
So maybe the power and immortality of fairy tales is not that they created an amazing magical world - a world in which you can hide from reality, forget about the dullness and dullness of life with its monotonous feelings and desires. And the fact is that it gives a person hope for his humanity, that she keeps within herself an absolute, inexhaustible faith in a person and in the best that is in him. She has no doubt that Good will defeat Evil, that loyalty and nobility will be rewarded with love and happiness. And if you are for justice, for truth, if you are real, then you will find your true value in this world, that is why you were called into this world. And then everything is achievable..
We now live in the world of an enchanted fairy tale, in the world of some cursed space, in a nichya, as the ancient Slavs said - a world where everything has an inverse value, where the meaning of such concepts as honor, justice, conscience, knowledge is lost. Maybe that same offended, evil fairy from a fairy tale touched us with her magic wand and we all fell asleep..? And you just need to shake off this dream and wake up... Maybe a fairy tale will help? After all, she lives, she hasn’t left, she’s just patiently waiting for her time to come, her turn, when people need her again.
There are questions that are asked and will always be asked.. Because the answer to them is very important, sometimes it is the most important in a person’s life. Here is one of them - do you believe in fairy tales? Apparently this question still worries people. In any case, on the Internet, in various forums and discussions, you come across amazing words and thoughts that people share with each other. Here are just a few of them:
“I don’t believe in fairy tales - I live in them. I see the unusual in the ordinary and a fairy tale in everyday life. In the morning I watch the sun rise - it rises from behind the trees. For me, the sun and I are one – it’s breathtaking, it rises from me. Then the birds fly to the festive table - the sky is filled with many wings, but first the Raven, my friend, flies. He's the first. When He flies away, the air explodes with the hubbub of birds: magpies chatter, sparrows chirp... - this is how birds observe the hierarchy, the order that exists in nature. Cats, dogs, birds, plants in my garden - this is all I am, only in other forms. And at night I sleep under my favorite birch tree - I open my eyes - fantastic!!! Life is a mystery!!! Mystery!!! I dance with the Moon, with the Stars. Once I saw a fireball on the grass, it was alive.
It pulsated, and then slowly floated across the grass and disappeared. When you don’t separate yourself from nature, from the existence of what exists, then you live in a fairy tale...”
“I believe, I believe with all my soul in fairy tales, I believe in magic, I believe in true love... I’m almost sixteen years old and I believe in the magical world... and I’m not ashamed. I believe in the best, that peace and balance will soon reign on earth, that the world will be ruled by the most worthy of the worthy. But every day, I understand what the adult world is. I don’t want to go there, there’s no place for me there, why? I don’t want to go to this kingdom.. Everything there is overgrown with selfishness, there are so few normal people, people who have not succumbed to this world of imaginary pleasures, who have not forgotten what truth, honor and dignity are. But there are so few of them.”
“When I was little, Russian cartoons and Russian fairy tales scared me terribly. My heart ached for the poor grandfather from the “goldfish”, I cried for Ivanushka, who turned into a kid, and when the fox ate the bun, it was a shock for me, like sudden lightning... there was a bun and bam! ate! I was incredibly worried, I watched the fairy tale as if this ominous story was actually happening to my mom or dad, who were in danger... Maybe it was foreign! It’s easy and simple to watch, even the most turbulent fairy tale with unpredictably tragic events evokes interest and a desire to find out “what will happen next?”, but not worry and excitement... And in Russian fairy tales some powerful force is hidden, in every fairy tale there is a grain a powerful and unsolved idea..."
“It seems to me that the hero of the Russian fairy tale is not looking for a home at all. And not yourself. The hero is looking for a WORLD in which he is needed and useful. Not your place in the existing world, not your home. And a whole world for yourself... A Russian fairy tale is a search for a better world for yourself. Search for the city of Kitezh, Heavenly Rus', Far Away Kingdom, Communism, Noon, Kingdom of Kashchei. I think so..."
“When you read fairy tales, you begin to involuntarily believe in them. And then it’s very hard to return to a gray and boring reality.. But when the moment comes to return, you just need to find a way to color and change this very reality. Make it the way you want it! After all, everything is possible in this life, you just need to try a little! ... The main thing is to understand that a fairy tale is beautiful not because of castles and magic wands, but because of PEOPLE, ordinary people who love, hate, fear, rejoice... just live... just like us... We cannot fly on brooms, we cannot turn cups into mice, but we can live and be happy! Live, create, create, know how to appreciate beauty, know how to LOVE, know how to FORGIVE and BE HAPPY!”
“If you take a closer look at each life moment, then they are all a little like the chapters of one big fairy tale)) so until it ends, I can’t answer... but I know one thing for sure, it’s very interesting!”
“A fairy tale is born right within ourselves... When we allow it to be born... But sometimes it breaks out on its own... straight from our soul... And then the world becomes fabulously beautiful.”
In the land of Russian fairy tales, everything is possible - happiness, loyalty, love... And good always defeats evil... And evil, which almost always helps good. Like the One who once said to himself, “I am part of that force that always wants evil and always does good...”. Because both good and evil in this country are, as it were, parts of one whole and everything happens there according to some unknown, incomprehensible to us, but surprisingly fair rules... Where everything knows its place and time and everything seems to have been created for this purpose to tell you about something very, very important...
In this country you can live thousands of lives, go everywhere, see and feel everything - ride tirelessly and fearlessly on a wonderful horse, cross seas and oceans, rise to the stars. Monsters, giants, sorcerers appear in front of you - but you are not afraid, you cannot be afraid, because you know that you are invincible, and nothing threatens you - as long as you are honest and fair, as long as you remain yourself.. And It's not difficult, not difficult at all. You just have to want it.. And behind everything that is happening in this country there is another hidden meaning invisible to the ordinary eye, an amazing secret.. And it definitely needs to be solved..
And one more thing I would like to talk about is Russian fairy tales and Russian folk art. It is impossible to imagine how one could exist without the other. Probably many thousands of years ago, the hand of an ancient master gave the first visible forms to those images that lived next to him and worried his soul and heart.
Fairy tales have lived for thousands of years and people have lived, been born and died for thousands of years, keeping their secrets in the creations of their imagination and their hands. Times have changed, styles and forms have changed, but the main thing has remained unchanged - deep, continuous love and devotion to everything that our history and culture has created and brought to us over the centuries.
Take a closer look at the works of current masters. They are so different. But they all contain secret knowledge and thoughts. They can tell a lot. You just have to listen.
A fairy tale is not only entertainment for children. It contains instructive stories that reflect the beliefs of an entire people. The heroes are endowed with rather conventional hyperbolic characters; their motives and actions are a reflection of ancient Slavic rituals.
Baba Yaga- the most famous character of Russian folklore. Meanwhile, this is not just a collective image of an ugly old woman with a quarrelsome character and ferocious deeds. Baba Yaga is essentially a guide. The forest in which she lives is a conditional border between worlds. She needs the bone leg so that the spirits will consider it theirs. The obligatory condition for “heating the bathhouse” is ritual ablution, a joint meal in one form or another - a funeral feast, a memorial among the Slavs. And the indispensable dwelling - a hut on chicken legs - is precisely the place of transition to the afterlife. By the way, chicken legs have nothing to do with the hut. “Smoke” means “to fumigate” - to pour smoke into a person’s new shelter “without windows, without doors.” And Baba Yaga did not actually put children in the oven - this is again an image of the initiation of children among the Slavs, during which the child was placed in the oven to protect him from evil spirits.
Water- an unpleasant-looking water spirit that lives in whirlpools and watermills. His wives are drowned girls, and his servants are fish. The merman will not miss the chance to pull an unlucky diver to his muddy bottom. So that he would not act outrageously, they brought him gifts; the spirit of water was especially happy with the delicious goose. The merman is always ready to defend his home, as soon as a fisherman recklessly encroaches on his domain.
Firebird- an analogue of the Phoenix reborn from fire and ashes. As a rule, she (or her pen) is the goal of the main characters’ searches and wanderings. It is believed that she personifies light and warmth, so she dies every autumn and appears again in the spring. Also found in fairy tales Sirin- half woman, half bird. She has heavenly beauty and an angelic voice, but everyone who hears it is doomed to troubles and suffering.
Serpent Gorynych- a fire-breathing dragon that can fly. In Slavic folklore, he guards the Kalinov Bridge - access to the afterlife, where the path to the common man is prohibited. The number of his heads is always a multiple of three (the sacred number of the Slavs), which indicates his vitality; you cannot defeat him at once.
Goblin- forest spirit. He is sometimes huge and powerful, sometimes small and absurd, sometimes clumsy, sometimes dexterous. They try to avoid him, because Leshy has a harmful character and can lead him into the thicket of the forest - then get out of there. You can escape if you wear your clothes inside out - this way he won’t recognize his victim. At the same time, they appease him by leaving gifts at the edge of the forest, because he is the Master of the forest, without whom human life is impossible.
- a good keeper of the house. He is born an old man and dies a baby. He is happy to help around the house if you don’t offend him and feed him milk, but he can misbehave and hide the necessary things. The complete opposite is Kikimora- the evil spirit of the deceased, tormenting the family. However, she does nasty things to those who do not keep their home in order, so she is quite fair. Another home prankster - Bannik. He is capable of scaring a person who comes to take a steam bath by throwing hot stones at him or scalding him with boiling water.
Kashchei the Immortal- an evil sorcerer who kidnaps brides. This is a prototype of the powerful priest Koshchei Chernobogovich, the son of Chernobog. He owned the kingdom of Navi (the underworld, the afterlife among the Slavs).
Well, what would a fairy tale be without Ivan the Fool? This is a collective positive image for which a long path is destined, but he goes through it with valor and in the end receives a princess as his wife. So the Fool is not a curse, but a kind of amulet against the evil eye. Ivan solves the problems posed by life thanks to his own ingenuity and unconventional approach.
Listening to stories from heroes of Russian folk tales, children from childhood learned to be persistent in spirit, fair, courageous, honoring and recognizing the power of good (after all, it always wins). The Slavs believed that any fairy tale is a lie only for our visible world, but the truth for the world of spirits. And no one will argue that it contains a lesson that everyone has yet to learn during their lives.
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ETNOMIR, Kaluga region, Borovsky district, Petrovo village
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ETNOMIR is the largest ethnographic park-museum in Russia, a colorful interactive model of the real world. Here, on an area of 140 hectares, architecture, national cuisine, crafts, traditions and life of almost all countries are presented. Each country is allocated a kind of “cultural reserve” - an ethno-yard.
– comprehensive exhibition. It is formed by the building of the world's largest Russian stove and nine huts from different regions of the European part of Russia.
In its layout, the architectural ensemble recreates the structure of ancient Slavic settlements, when residential buildings surrounded the central square.
The main exhibitions of the Museum are located in the huts - these are stoves of different structures, shapes, designs, and household items of the 19th-20th centuries, and an exhibition of irons, and a collection of traditional Russian patchwork dolls, and various wooden toys...
A folk tale is a message from our ancestors, passed down from time immemorial. Through magical stories, sacred information about morality and spirituality, traditions and culture is conveyed to us. The heroes of Russian folk tales are very colorful. They live in a world full of wonders and dangers. There is a battle between light and dark forces, as a result of which good and justice always win.
Ivan the Fool
The main character of Russian fairy tales is a seeker. He sets out on a difficult journey to get a magical object or a bride, and to deal with the monster. In this case, the character may initially occupy a low social position. As a rule, this is a peasant son, the youngest child in the family.
By the way, the word “fool” in ancient times did not have a negative meaning. Since the 14th century, it has served as a talismanic name, often given to the youngest son. He did not receive any inheritance from his parents. Older brothers in fairy tales are successful and practical. Ivan spends time on the stove, since he is not interested in living conditions. He does not seek money or fame, and patiently endures the ridicule of others.
However, it is Ivan the Fool who is ultimately lucky. He is unpredictable, able to solve non-standard riddles, and defeats the enemy with cunning. The hero is characterized by mercy and kindness. He helps out those in trouble, releases the pike, for which he is awarded magical help. Having overcome all obstacles, Ivan the Fool marries the Tsar's daughter and becomes rich. Behind unsightly clothes hides the image of a sage serving good and wary of falsehood.
Bogatyr
This hero was borrowed from epics. He is handsome, brave, noble. It often grows “by leaps and bounds.” He has enormous strength and is able to saddle a heroic horse. There are many stories where a character fights a monster, dies, and then is resurrected.
The names of the heroes of Russian fairy tales can be different. We meet Ilya Muromets, Bova Korolevich, Alyosha Popovich, Nikita Kozhemyaka and other characters. Ivan Tsarevich can also be classified in this category. He enters into battle with the Serpent Gorynych or Koshchei, saddles Sivka-Burka, protects the weak, and rescues the princess.
It is significant that the hero sometimes makes mistakes (responds rudely to the grandmother he meets, burns the skin of a frog). Subsequently, he has to repent of this, ask for forgiveness, and correct the situation. By the end of the tale, he gains wisdom, finds the princess and receives half the kingdom as a reward for his exploits.
Wonder Bride
By the end of the story, an intelligent and beautiful girl becomes the wife of a fairy-tale hero. In Russian folk tales we meet Vasilisa the Wise, Marya Morevna, and Elena the Beautiful. They embody the popular idea of a woman standing guard over her family.
The heroines are distinguished by their resourcefulness and intelligence. Thanks to their help, the hero solves ingenious riddles and defeats the enemy. Often a beautiful princess is subject to the forces of nature; she is able to turn into an animal (swan, frog) and create real miracles. The heroine uses powerful forces for the benefit of her lover.
There is also an image of a meek stepdaughter in fairy tales, who achieves success thanks to her hard work and kindness. Common qualities for all positive female images are loyalty, purity of aspirations and willingness to help.
Which hero of Russian fairy tales is the most beloved and popular among children and adults? The first place rightfully belongs to Baba Yaga. This is a very controversial character with a terrifying appearance, a hooked nose and a bone leg. In ancient times, “Baba” was the name given to the mother, the eldest woman in the family. "Yaga" may be related to the Old Russian words "yagat" ("to shout loudly, swear") or "yagaya" ("sick, angry").
An old witch lives in the forest, on the border between our world and the other world. Her hut on chicken legs is surrounded by a fence made of human bones. Grandmother flies on a mortar, makes friends with evil spirits, kidnaps children and keeps many magical objects from uninvited guests. According to scientists, it is associated with the kingdom of the dead. This is indicated by the loose hair that was unbraided for women before burial, the bone leg, and also the house. The Slavs made wooden huts for the dead, which they placed on stumps in the forest.
In Rus' they always respected their ancestors and turned to them for advice. That’s why good fellows come to Baba Yaga, and she tests them. To those who pass the test, the witch gives a hint, points the way to Koshchei, gives a magic ball, as well as a towel, comb and other wonders. Baba Yaga doesn’t eat children either, but she puts them in the oven and performs the ancient ritual of “over-baking.” In Rus' it was believed that in this way a child could be healed of an illness.
Koschey
The name of this fairy-tale hero of Russian fairy tales could come from the Turkic “koschey”, which translates as “slave”. The character was chained and kept prisoner for three hundred years. He himself also likes to kidnap beautiful girls and hide them in prison. According to another version, the name comes from the Slavic “kostit” (to scold, to harm) or “bone”. Koschey is often depicted as a skinny old man, more like a skeleton.
He is a very powerful sorcerer, lives far from other people and owns countless treasures. The death of the hero is in a needle, which is securely hidden in objects and animals nested inside each other like a nesting doll. The prototype of Koshchei may be the winter deity Karachun, who was born from a golden egg. It covered the earth with ice and brought death with it, forcing our ancestors to move to warmer areas. In other myths, Koshchei was the name of the son of Chernobog. The latter could control time and commanded the army of the underworld.
This is one of the most ancient images. The hero of Russian fairy tales differs from foreign dragons by having several heads. Usually their number is a multiple of three. The creature can fly, breathes fire and abducts people. It lives in caves, where it hides captives and treasures. Often appears in front of a positive hero after emerging from the water. The nickname “Gorynych” is associated either with the character’s habitat (mountain) or with the verb “to burn.”
The image of the terrible Serpent is borrowed from ancient myths about the dragon who guards the entrance to the underworld. To become a man, a teenager had to defeat him, i.e. accomplish a feat, and then enter the world of the dead and return back as an adult. According to another version, the Serpent Gorynych is a collective image of the steppe nomads who attacked Rus' in huge hordes. At the same time, they used fire shells that burned wooden cities.
Forces of nature
In ancient times, people personified the Sun, Wind, Month, Thunder, Rain and other phenomena on which their lives depended. They often became heroes of Russian fairy tales, married princesses, and helped good heroes. There are also anthropomorphic rulers of certain elements: Moroz Ivanovich, goblin, water one. They can play the role of both positive and negative characters.
Nature is depicted as spiritual. The well-being of people largely depends on her actions. Thus, Morozko rewards the meek, hardworking daughter of an old man, whom her stepmother ordered to abandon in the forest, with gold and a fur coat. At the same time, her selfish stepsister dies from his spell. The Slavs worshiped the forces of nature and at the same time were wary of them, tried to appease them with the help of sacrifices, and made requests.
Grateful animals
In fairy tales we meet a talking wolf, a magical horse and cow, a goldfish, and a pike that grants wishes. And also a bear, hare, hedgehog, raven, eagle, etc. They all understand human speech and have unusual abilities. The hero helps them out of trouble, gives them life, and in return they help defeat the enemy.
Traces of totemism are clearly visible here. The Slavs believed that each genus descended from a specific animal. After death, the soul of a person moves into the beast and vice versa. For example, in the fairy tale "Burenushka" the soul of a deceased mother is reborn in the form of a cow to help her orphaned daughter. Such an animal could not be killed, because it became a relative and protected from harm. Sometimes the heroes of a fairy tale can themselves turn into an animal or a bird.
Firebird
Many positive heroes of fairy tales try to take possession of it. The wonderful bird dazzles the eyes like the golden sun and lives behind a stone wall in rich lands. Freely floating in the sky, it is a symbol of the heavenly body, which bestows luck, abundance, and creative power. This is a representative of another world, who often turns into a kidnapper. The firebird steals rejuvenating apples that bestow beauty and immortality.
Only those who are pure in soul, believe in the dream and are closely connected with their deceased ancestors can catch it. Usually this is the youngest son, who had to take care of his old parents and spent a lot of time near the family hearth.
Thus, the heroes of Russian fairy tales teach us to respect our ancestors, listen to our hearts, overcome fear, pursue our dreams despite mistakes, and always help those asking for help. And then the divine radiance of the magical firebird will fall on a person, transforming him and bestowing happiness.