You must use at least 1 argument of your own, taken from fiction, journalistic or scientific literature. Most often, examples are given from fiction, since these are the works that are taught in literature lessons as part of the school curriculum.
Here is an approximate list of references from which you can take arguments to substantiate your point of view. It is compiled on the basis of works from which arguments are most often given when writing an Unified State Examination essay in the Russian language. The list is sorted by author's last name in alphabetical order.
It is worth noting that this list of references is not strictly defined and is only advisory in nature. Arguments can be brought from any other works, the main thing is that they correspond to the main problem of the text. It is also not necessary to read all the works below; for each topic that the text may be devoted to, it is enough to prepare 2 arguments from some of the works.
List of references for arguments in the Unified State Exam essay in the Russian language
| Author | Works |
|---|---|
| L.N. Andreev | “Judas Iscariot”, “Red Laughter”, “Petka in the Dacha” |
| V.P. Astafiev | “Tsar Fish”, “Dome Cathedral”, “Hut”, “Horse with a Pink Mane”, “Lyudochka”, “Postscript”, “Last Bow” |
| I. Babel | "Cavalry" |
| R. Bach | "A Seagull Named Jonathan Livingston" |
| V. Bianchi | "Tales of Animals" |
| G. Beecher Stowe | "Uncle Tom's Cabin" |
| A. Blok | "Twelve" |
| M.A. Bulgakov | “The Master and Margarita”, “Heart of a Dog”, “Notes of a Young Doctor”, “Fatal Eggs” |
| I.A. Bunin | "Mr. from San Francisco", "Brothers", "Dark Alleys" |
| V. Bykov | “Roundup”, “Sotnikov”, “Until Dawn” |
| B. Vasiliev | “And the dawns here are quiet...”, “Drop by drop” |
| J. Verne | "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" |
| K. Vorobiev | "German in felt boots" |
| N. Gal | "The Word Living and Dead" |
| E. Ginzburg | "Steep route" |
| N.V. Gogol | “Taras Bulba”, “Dead Souls”, “Overcoat”, “The Inspector General”, “Terrible Revenge” |
| I.A. Goncharov | "Oblomov" |
| M. Gorky | “Old Woman Izergil”, “At the Depths”, “Childhood”, “Mother”, “Tales of Italy”, “My Universities”, “Konovalov”, “The Orlov Spouses” |
| A.S. Griboyedov | "Woe from Wit" |
| V. Grossman | "Life and Fate" |
| Charles Dickens | "David Copperfield" |
| F.M. Dostoevsky | “Crime and Punishment”, “Idiot”, “White Nights”, “The Brothers Karamazov”, “Demons”, “The Boy at Christ’s Christmas Tree” |
| T. Dreiser | "American Tragedy" |
| V. Dudintsev | "White Clothes" |
| S.A. Yesenin | "Song of the Dog" |
| A. Zheleznyakov | "Scarecrow" |
| A. Zhigulin | "Black Stones" |
| V. Zakrutkin | "Mother of Man" |
| M. Zamyatin | "We" |
| I. Ilf, E. Petrov | "Golden Calf" |
| A. Knyshev | “Oh great and mighty Russian language!” |
| V. Korolenko | "Children of the Dungeon" |
| A.I. Kuprin | “Garnet Bracelet”, “Taper”, “Duel” |
| Yu. Levitansky | "Everyone chooses for themselves..." |
| M.Yu. Lermontov | “Borodino”, “Hero of our time”, “And I see myself as a child...”, “Stanzas”, “Clouds”, “I will not humiliate myself before you” |
| N.S. Leskov | “Lefty”, “Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk”, “The Enchanted Wanderer” |
| D.S. Likhachev | "Thoughts about the Motherland" |
| D. London | "Love of Life", "Martin Eden" |
| V.V. Mayakovsky | "Good attitude towards horses" |
| M. Maeterlinck | "Blue Bird" |
| N.A. Nekrasov | “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, “Grandfather Mazai and the Hares”, “Railroad”, “Reflections at the Main Entrance” |
| A. Nikitin | "Walking across three seas" |
| E. Nosov | "Difficult Bread" |
| A.N. Ostrovsky | “Thunderstorm”, “Our people - we will be numbered!” |
| K.G. Paustovsky | "Telegram", "Old Cook", "Tale of Life" |
| A. Petrov | "The Life of Archpriest Avvakum" |
| A.P. Platonov | “In a beautiful and furious world”, “Yushka” |
| B. Polevoy | "The Tale of a Real Man" |
| A. Pristavkin | “The golden cloud spent the night” |
| M. Prishvin | "Pantry of the Sun" |
| A.S. Pushkin | “Eugene Onegin”, “The Captain’s Daughter”, “The Station Agent”, “The Queen of Spades”, “Nanny”, “I Loved You...”, “October 19”, “God help you, my friends”, “The more often the Lyceum celebrates ", "Chaadaev" |
| V.G. Rasputin | “Farewell to Matera”, “French Lessons” |
| A. Rybakov | “Children of Arbat”, “35th and other years” |
| K.F. Ryleev | "Ivan Susanin", "Death of Ermak" |
| M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin | “The History of a City”, “The Golovlev Family” |
| A. de Saint-Exupéry | "The Little Prince" |
| A. Solzhenitsyn | “Matrenin’s Dvor”, “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”, “The Gulag Archipelago”, “In the First Circle” |
| V. Soloukhin | "Black Boards", "Letters from the Russian Museum" |
| A.T. Tvardovsky | "Vasily Terkin" |
| L.N. Tolstoy | “War and Peace”, “Sevastopol Stories”, “Childhood”, “After the Ball” |
| Yu. Trifonov | "House on the Embankment", "Disappearance" |
| I.S. Turgenev | “Fathers and Sons”, “Mumu”, “Russian Language”, “Biryuk”, “Notes of a Hunter”, “Nature”, “Conversation”, My Trees”, “Sea Voyage”, “Asya” |
| F.I. Tyutchev | “Not what you think, nature...”, “The Last Cataclysm” |
| L. Ulitskaya | "Daughter of Bukhara" |
| G.I. Uspensky | "Straightened" |
| A. Fadeev | "Young Guard" |
| A.A. Fet | “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch ...”, “On a haystack at night in the south”, “Dawn says goodbye to dawn”, “Pines” |
| DI. Fonvizin | "Undergrown" |
| E. Hemingway | “The Old Man and the Sea”, “Where It’s Clean, It’s Light”, “Undefeated” |
| N. Chernyshevsky | "What to do?" |
| A.P. Chekhov | “The Cherry Orchard”, “Darling”, “Jumping”, “Anna on the Neck”, “Ionych”, “Gooseberry”, “Ward No. 6”, “Student”, “Chameleon”, “Thick and Thin”, “Death of an Official ", "Vanka", "Steppe", "Melancholy", "Unter Prishibeev", "Bride" |
| L. Chukovskaya | "Sofya Petrovna" |
| K.I. Chukovsky | "Alive as Life" |
| V. Shalamov | "Kolyma Tales" |
| E. Schwartz | "Dragon" |
| M.A. Sholokhov | “Quiet Don”, “The Fate of Man”, “Melon Garden”, “Birthmark” |
Arguing your opinion on a chosen issue is one of the most important tasks when writing an argumentative essay. Since arguments from the literature are rated higher, it is very important to prepare them in advance. On this page I present a number of arguments on several popular issues.
PROBLEM: Meanness, betrayal, dishonor, envy.
- A.S. Pushkin, novel “The Captain's Daughter”
Shvabrin is a nobleman, but he is dishonest: he takes revenge on Masha Mironova for her refusal, and during a duel with Grinev, he stabs him in the back. The complete loss of ideas about honor and dignity provokes him to betrayal: he goes over to the camp of the rebel Pugachev.
- Karamzin “Poor Liza”
Erast, the heroine’s lover, betrayed his feelings for the girl, choosing material well-being
- N.V. Gogol, story “Taras Bulba”
Andriy, the son of Taras, being captured by love feelings, betrays his father, brother, comrades, and homeland. Bulba kills his son because he cannot live with such shame
- A.S. Pushkin, tragedy "Mozart and Salieri"
The envious Salieri, jealous of the success of the great composer Mozart, poisoned him, although he considered him his friend.
PROBLEM: Worship of rank, servility, servility, opportunism.
1. A.P. Chekhov, story “The Death of an Official”
The official Chervyakov is infected with the spirit of veneration: Having sneezed and splashed the general’s bald head, he was so frightened that after repeated humiliations and requests, he died of fear.
2. A.S. Griboyedov, comedy "Woe from Wit"
Molchalin, the negative character of the comedy, is sure that you need to please everyone without exception. This will allow you to climb the career ladder. Caring for Sophia, Famusov's daughter, he pursues precisely this goal.
PROBLEM: Bribery, embezzlement
- N.V. Gogol, comedy "The Inspector General"
The mayor, like all officials of the district city, is a bribe-taker and embezzler. He is convinced that all issues can be solved with the help of money and the ability to show off.
- N.V. Gogol, poem "Dead Souls"
Chichikov, drawing up a bill of sale for the “dead” souls, gives a bribe to the official, after which things move faster.
PROBLEM: Rudeness, ignorance, hypocrisy
- A.N. Ostrovsky, drama "The Thunderstorm"
Dikoy is a typical boor who insults everyone around him. Impunity gave rise to complete unbridledness in this man.
- DI. Fonvizin, comedy "Minor"
Mrs. Prostakova considers her boorish behavior to be normal, which is why the people around her are “brutes” and “morons.”
- A.P. Chekhov, story "Chameleon"
Police warden Ochumelov grovels before those who are above him on the career ladder, and feels like a master of the situation before those who are below. This is reflected in his behavior, which changes depending on the situation.
PROBLEM: The destructive influence of money (material goods) on the human soul, hoarding
- A.P. Chekhov, story “Ionych”
Doctor Startsev, a promising and talented doctor in his youth, turns into Ionych’s hoarder. The main passion of his life is money, which became the cause of moral decay of the individual.
- N.V. Gogol, poem “Dead Souls”
The stingy landowner Plyushkin personifies complete spiritual degradation. The passion for hoarding became the reason for the destruction of all family and friendly ties; Plyushkin himself simply lost his human appearance.
PROBLEM: Vandalism, unconsciousness
- I.A. Bunin "Cursed days"
Bunin could not even imagine that the brutality and vandalism brought by the revolution would turn people into a maddened crowd, destroying everything in its path.
- D.S. Likhachev, book “On the Good and the Beautiful”
The Russian academician was outraged when he learned that the monument to Bagration’s grave was blown up on the Borodino field. This is a terrible example of vandalism and oblivion.
- V. Rasputin, story “Farewell to Matera”
When villages were flooded, not only people’s homes went under water, but also churches and graveyards, which is a terrible example of vandalism.
PROBLEM: The role of art
- A.T. Tvardovsky, poem “Vasily Terkin”
Front-line soldiers say that soldiers exchanged smoke and bread for clippings from front-line newspapers, where chapters of the poem were published. This means that an encouraging word was sometimes more important than food.
Natasha Rostova sings beautifully, at these moments she becomes unusually beautiful, and people around her are drawn to her.
- A.I. Kuprin, story “Garnet Bracelet”
Listening to Beethoven’s “Moonlight Sonata,” Vera experienced, thanks to the hopelessly in love Zheltkov, a feeling similar to catharsis. Music awakened in her empathy, compassion, and a desire to love.
PROBLEM: Love for the Motherland, nostalgia
- M.Yu. Lermontov, poem “Motherland”
The lyrical hero loves his homeland as it is, and is ready to go through all the trials with his people.
- A. Blok, poem “Russia”
For the lyrical hero Blok, love for the homeland is similar to love for a woman. He believes in the great future of his country.
- I.A. Bunin, stories “Clean Monday”, “Antonov Apples”
I.A. Bunin left Russia forever in 1920. A feeling of nostalgia haunted him all his life. The heroes of his stories recall the great past of Russia, which was irretrievably lost: history, culture, traditions.
PROBLEM: Loyalty to your word (duty)
- A.S. Pushkin, novel “Dubrovsky”
Masha, married to an unloved man, refuses to break the oath of fidelity given in the church when Dubrovsky tries to save her.
- A.S. Pushkin, novel “Eugene Onegin”
Tatyana Larina, true to her marital duty and her given word, is forced to refuse Onegin. She became the personification of human moral strength.
PROBLEM: Self-sacrifice, compassion, mercy, cruelty, humanism
- M.A. Bulgakov, novel “The Master and Margarita”
Margarita, who loves the Master, in spite of everything, is true to her feelings, she is ready for any sacrifice. A woman flies to Woland's ball to save her beloved. There she asks to free the sinner Frida from suffering.
- A.I. Solzhenitsyn, story "Matrenin's Dvor"
Matryona lived all her life for people, helping them without asking for anything in return. The author calls her a “truthful woman,” a person who lives according to the laws of God and conscience
- L. Andreev, story “Biter”
By taming a dog and leaving it in a holiday village for the winter, people showed their selfishness and showed how cruel they could be.
The Cossack Gavrila, having lost his son, fell in love with a stranger, an enemy, as if he were his own. Hatred for the “Reds” grew into fatherly love and care.
PROBLEM: Self-education, self-education, self-analysis, self-improvement
- I.S. Turgenev, novel “Fathers and Sons”
The nihilist Bazarov believed that “every person must educate himself.” And this is the lot of strong people.
- L.N. Tolstoy, trilogy “Childhood. Adolescence. Youth"
Nikolenka is an autobiographical hero. Like the author himself, he strives for self-improvement and creative self-realization.
- M.Yu. Lermontov, novel “Hero of Our Time”
Pechorin talks with himself in his diary, evaluates his actions, analyzes his life, which testifies to the depth of this personality.
- L.N. Tolstoy, novel "War and Peace"
The writer showed us the “dialectics of the soul” of Bolkonsky and Bezukhov, told us how difficult a person’s path to truth, justice, and love is. His heroes made mistakes, suffered, suffered, but this is the idea of human self-improvement.
PROBLEM: Courage, heroism, moral duty, patriotism
- B. Vasiliev, “And the dawns here are quiet”
The female anti-aircraft gunners, destroying a detachment of saboteurs, died, despite the numerical superiority of the enemy.
- B. Polevoy, “The Tale of a Real Man”
Pilot Alesey Maresyev, thanks to fortitude and courage, not only survived after amputation of his legs, but also became a full-fledged person and returned to his squadron.
- Vorobyov, story “Killed near Moscow”
The Kremlin cadets, showing courage and heroism, fulfilled their patriotic duty, defending the approaches to Moscow. Lieutenant Yastrebov is the only one left alive.
- M. Sholokhov, story “The Fate of a Man”
The hero of the story, Andrei Sokolov, went through the entire war: he fought bravely, was captured, and escaped. He fulfilled his civic duty with honor. The war took his family away from him, but, fortunately, fate gave him a meeting with Vanyushka, who became his son.
- V. Bykov “Crane cry”
Vasily Glechik, still just a boy, did not leave his position during the war. The thought of salvation was unacceptable to him. He did not violate the battalion commander’s order, carried it out at the cost of his own life, and remained faithful to his oath and duty to his homeland.
- A. S. Pushkin."Eugene Onegin". A person sometimes passes by without noticing his happiness. When the feeling of love arises in him, it becomes too late. This happened with Evgeny Onegin. At first he rejected the love of a village girl. Having met her a few years later, he realized that he was in love. Unfortunately, their happiness is impossible.
- M. Yu Lermontov."Hero of our time." Pechorin's true love for Vera. His frivolous attitude towards Mary and Bela.
- And S. Turgenev."Fathers and Sons". Evgeny Bazarov denied everything, including love. But life forced him to experience this true feeling for Anna Odintsova. The stern nihilist could not resist the intelligence and charm of this woman.
- And A. Goncharov."Oblomov." Lyubov Oblomov Olga Ilyinskaya. Olga's desire to pull Ilya out of a state of indifference and laziness. Oblomov tried to find the purpose of life in love. However, the lovers' efforts were in vain.
- A. N. Ostrovsky. It is impossible to live without love. Proof of this is, for example, the deep drama that Katerina, the main character of A. N. Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm,” experienced.
- I.A. Goncharov."Oblomov." The great power of love is a theme of many writers. Often a person is able to change even his life for the sake of his loved one. However, this is not always possible. For example, Ilya Ilyich, the hero of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov", for the sake of love, abandoned many of his habits. Olga, having experienced disappointment, leaves Oblomov. The mutually enriching development of their relationship did not work out, because the desire to vegetate “creeping from one day to another” turned out to be stronger for Ilya.
- L.N. Tolstoy. Love is a great feeling. It can change a person's life. But it can bring a lot of hope and disappointment. However, this condition can also transform a person. Such life situations were described by the great Russian writer L.N. Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace". For example, Prince Bolkonsky, after life’s hardships, was convinced that he would never experience happiness or joy again. However, a meeting with Natasha Rostova changed his view of the world. Love is a great power.
- A. Kuprin. Sometimes it seems that poetry and the magical beauty of love are disappearing from our lives, that people’s feelings are diminishing. A. Kuprin’s story “The Garnet Bracelet” still amazes readers with faith in love. It can be called a moving hymn of love. Such stories help to maintain the belief that the world is beautiful, and that people sometimes have access to the inaccessible.
- I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". The influence of friendship on the formation of personality is a serious topic that worried I. A. Goncharov. The heroes of his novel, peers and friends, I. I. Oblomov and A. I. Stolts, are shown almost according to the same scheme: childhood, environment, education. But Stolz tried to change his friend’s sleepy life. His attempts were unsuccessful. After Oblomov’s death, Andrei took his son Ilya into his family. This is what real friends do.
- I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". In friendship there is mutual influence. Relationships can be fragile if people are unwilling to help each other. This is shown in the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". The apathetic, difficult-to-rise nature of Ilya Ilyich and the young energy of Andrei Stolts - all this spoke of the impossibility of friendship between these people. However, Andrei made every effort to encourage Oblomov to do some kind of activity. True, Ilya Ilyich could not adequately respond to his friend’s concern. But Stolz’s desires and attempts deserve respect.
- I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". Friendship is not always strong, especially if it is based on the subordination of one person to another. A similar situation was described by Turgenev in the novel Fathers and Sons. Arkady Kirsanov was at first an ardent supporter of Bazarov's nihilistic views and considered himself his friend. However, he quickly lost his conviction and went over to the side of the older generation. Bazarov, according to Arkady, was left alone. This happened because the friendship was not equal.
- N.V. Gogol “Taras Bulba” (about friendship, camaraderie). It is said in N. Gogol’s story “Taras Bulba” that “there is no holier bond than comradeship.”
THE PROBLEM OF PERSISTENCE AND COURAGE OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY DURING MILITARY TESTS
1. In the novel L.N. Tostogo's "War and Peace" Andrei Bolkonsky convinces his friend Pierre Bezukhov that the battle is won by an army that wants to defeat the enemy at all costs, and not one that has a better disposition. On the Borodino field, every Russian soldier fought desperately and selflessly, knowing that behind him was the ancient capital, the heart of Russia, Moscow.
2. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva “And the dawns here are quiet...” five young girls who opposed the German saboteurs died defending their homeland. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. The anti-aircraft gunners showed courage and restraint and showed themselves to be true patriots.
THE PROBLEM OF TENDERNESS
1. An example of sacrificial love is Jane Eyre, the heroine of Charlotte Brontë's novel of the same name. Jen happily became the eyes and hands of the person most dear to her when he went blind.
2. In the novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Marya Bolkonskaya patiently endures her father's severity. She treats the old prince with love, despite his difficult character. The princess does not even think about the fact that her father is often too demanding of her. Marya's love is sincere, pure, bright.
THE PROBLEM OF PRESERVING HONOR
1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" for Pyotr Grinev the most important life principle was honor. Even facing the threat of the death penalty, Peter, who swore allegiance to the empress, refused to recognize Pugachev as sovereign. The hero understood that this decision could cost him his life, but a sense of duty prevailed over fear. Alexey Shvabrin, on the contrary, committed treason and lost his own dignity when he joined the camp of the impostor.
2. The problem of maintaining honor is raised in the story by N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". The two sons of the main character are completely different. Ostap is an honest and brave person. He never betrayed his comrades and died like a hero. Andriy is a romantic person. For the sake of love for a Polish woman, he betrays his homeland. His personal interests come first. Andriy dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal. Thus, you always need to remain honest first of all with yourself.
THE PROBLEM OF DEVOTED LOVE
1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova love each other. Peter defends the honor of his beloved in a duel with Shvabrin, who insulted the girl. In turn, Masha saves Grinev from exile when she “asks for mercy” from the empress. Thus, the basis of the relationship between Masha and Peter is mutual assistance.
2. Selfless love is one of the themes of M.A.’s novel. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita". A woman is able to accept the interests and aspirations of her lover as her own and helps him in everything. The master writes a novel - and this becomes the content of Margarita's life. She rewrites the finished chapters, trying to keep the master calm and happy. A woman sees her destiny in this.
THE PROBLEM OF REPENTANCE
1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" shows the long path to repentance of Rodion Raskolnikov. Confident in the validity of his theory of “permitting blood according to conscience,” the main character despises himself for his own weakness and does not realize the gravity of the crime committed. However, faith in God and love for Sonya Marmeladova lead Raskolnikov to repentance.
THE PROBLEM OF SEARCHING FOR THE MEANING OF LIFE IN THE MODERN WORLD
1. In the story by I.A. Bunin "Mr. from San Francisco" American millionaire served the "golden calf". The main character believed that the meaning of life was to accumulate wealth. When the Master died, it turned out that true happiness passed him by.
2. In Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace,” Natasha Rostova sees the meaning of life in family, love for family and friends. After the wedding with Pierre Bezukhov, the main character gives up social life and devotes herself entirely to her family. Natasha Rostova found her purpose in this world and became truly happy.
THE PROBLEM OF LITERARY ILLITERACY AND LOW LEVEL OF EDUCATION AMONG YOUTH
1. In “Letters about the good and the beautiful” D.S. Likhachev claims that a book teaches a person better than any work. The famous scientist admires the ability of a book to educate a person and shape his inner world. Academician D.S. Likhachev comes to the conclusion that it is books that teach one to think and make a person intelligent.
2. Ray Bradbury in his novel Fahrenheit 451 shows what happened to humanity after all books were completely destroyed. It may seem that in such a society there are no social problems. The answer lies in the fact that it is simply unspiritual, since there is no literature that can force people to analyze, think, and make decisions.
THE PROBLEM OF EDUCATION OF CHILDREN
1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant care from parents and educators. As a child, the main character was an inquisitive and active child, but excessive care led to Oblomov’s apathy and weak-willedness in adulthood.
2. In the novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" the spirit of mutual understanding, loyalty, and love reigns in the Rostov family. Thanks to this, Natasha, Nikolai and Petya became worthy people, inherited kindness and nobility. Thus, the conditions created by the Rostovs contributed to the harmonious development of their children.
THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONALISM
1. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva “My horses are flying...” Smolensk doctor Janson works tirelessly. The main character rushes to help the sick in any weather. Thanks to his responsiveness and professionalism, Dr. Janson managed to gain the love and respect of all residents of the city.
2.
THE PROBLEM OF A SOLDIER'S FATE IN WAR
1. The fate of the main characters of the story by B.L. was tragic. Vasiliev "And the dawns here are quiet...". Five young anti-aircraft gunners opposed the German saboteurs. The forces were not equal: all the girls died. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. The girls became an example of perseverance and courage.
2. V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" tells about two partisans who were captured by the Germans during the Great Patriotic War. The further fate of the soldiers developed differently. So Rybak betrayed his homeland and agreed to serve the Germans. Sotnikov refused to give up and chose death.
THE PROBLEM OF EGOISM OF A PERSON IN LOVE
1. In the story by N.V. Gogol's "Taras Bulba" Andriy, because of his love for a Pole, went over to the enemy's camp, betrayed his brother, father, and homeland. The young man, without hesitation, decided to take up arms against his yesterday’s comrades. For Andriy, personal interests come first. A young man dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal and selfishness of his youngest son.
2. It is unacceptable when love becomes an obsession, as in the case of the main character of P. Suskind's "Perfumer. The Story of a Murderer." Jean-Baptiste Grenouille is not capable of high feelings. All that is of interest to him is smells, creating a scent that inspires love in people. Grenouille is an example of an egoist who commits the most serious crimes to achieve his goal.
THE PROBLEM OF BETRAYAL
1. In the novel by V.A. Kaverin "Two Captains" Romashov repeatedly betrayed the people around him. At school, Romashka eavesdropped and reported to the head everything that was said about him. Later, Romashov went so far as to begin collecting information proving Nikolai Antonovich’s guilt in the death of Captain Tatarinov’s expedition. All of Chamomile’s actions are low, destroying not only his life but also the fates of other people.
2. The action of the hero of the story by V.G. entails even deeper consequences. Rasputin "Live and Remember" Andrei Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. This irreparable mistake not only dooms him to loneliness and expulsion from society, but is also the reason for the suicide of his wife Nastya.
THE PROBLEM OF DECEITIVE APPEARANCE
1. In Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace", Helen Kuragina, despite her brilliant appearance and success in society, is not distinguished by a rich inner world. Her main priorities in life are money and fame. Thus, in the novel, this beauty is the embodiment of evil and spiritual decline.
2. In Victor Hugo's novel Notre-Dame de Paris, Quasimodo is a hunchback who has overcome many difficulties throughout his life. The appearance of the main character is completely unattractive, but behind it hides a noble and beautiful soul, capable of sincere love.
THE PROBLEM OF BETRAYAL IN WAR
1. In the story by V.G. Rasputin "Live and Remember" Andrei Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. At the beginning of the war, the main character fought honestly and courageously, went on reconnaissance missions, and never hid behind the backs of his comrades. However, after some time, Guskov began to think about why he should fight. At that moment, selfishness took over, and Andrei made an irreparable mistake, which doomed him to loneliness, expulsion from society and became the reason for the suicide of his wife Nastya. The hero was tormented by pangs of conscience, but he was no longer able to change anything.
2. In V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov,” the partisan Rybak betrays his homeland and agrees to serve “great Germany.” His comrade Sotnikov, on the contrary, is an example of perseverance. Despite the unbearable pain he experiences during torture, the partisan refuses to tell the truth to the police. The fisherman realizes the baseness of his act, wants to run away, but understands that there is no turning back.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF LOVE FOR THE MOTHERLAND ON CREATIVITY
1. Yu.Ya. Yakovlev in the story “Woke by Nightingales” writes about a difficult boy Seluzhenka, whom those around him did not like. One night the main character heard the trill of a nightingale. The wonderful sounds amazed the child and awakened his interest in creativity. Seluzhenok enrolled in an art school, and since then the attitude of adults towards him has changed. The author convinces the reader that nature awakens the best qualities in the human soul and helps to reveal creative potential.
2. Love for his native land is the main motive of the work of the painter A.G. Venetsianova. He painted a number of paintings dedicated to the life of ordinary peasants. “The Reapers”, “Zakharka”, “Sleeping Shepherd” - these are my favorite paintings by the artist. The life of ordinary people and the beauty of Russia’s nature prompted A.G. Venetsianov to create paintings that have attracted the attention of viewers with their freshness and sincerity for more than two centuries.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF CHILDHOOD MEMORIES ON HUMAN LIFE
1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov's "Oblomov" the main character considers childhood the happiest time. Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant care from his parents and educators. Excessive care became the reason for Oblomov’s apathy in adulthood. It seemed that love for Olga Ilyinskaya was supposed to awaken Ilya Ilyich. However, his way of life remained unchanged, because the way of life of his native Oblomovka forever left a mark on the fate of the protagonist. Thus, childhood memories influenced the life path of Ilya Ilyich.
2. In the poem “My Way” by S.A. Yesenin admitted that his childhood played an important role in his work. Once upon a time, at the age of nine, a boy inspired by the nature of his native village wrote his first work. Thus, childhood predetermined S.A.’s life path. Yesenina.
THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A PATH IN LIFE
1. The main theme of the novel by I.A. Goncharov's "Oblomov" - the fate of a man who failed to choose the right path in life. The writer especially emphasizes that apathy and inability to work turned Ilya Ilyich into an idle person. The lack of willpower and any interests did not allow the main character to become happy and realize his potential.
2.
From the book by M. Mirsky “Healing with a scalpel. Academician N.N. Burdenko” I learned that the outstanding doctor first studied at a theological seminary, but soon realized that he wanted to devote himself to medicine. Having entered the university, N.N. Burdenko became interested in anatomy, which soon helped him become a famous surgeon.
3. D.S. Likhachev in “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful” states that “you need to live your life with dignity so that you are not ashamed to remember.” With these words, the academician emphasizes that fate is unpredictable, but it is important to remain a generous, honest and caring person.
THE PROBLEM OF DOG LOYALTY
1. In the story by G.N. Troepolsky's "White Bim Black Ear" tells the tragic fate of the Scottish setter. Bim the dog is desperately trying to find his owner, who had a heart attack. On its way, the dog encounters difficulties. Unfortunately, the owner finds the pet after the dog is killed. Bima can confidently be called a true friend, devoted to his owner until the end of his days.
2. In Eric Knight's novel Lassie, the Carraclough family is forced to give up their collie to other people due to financial difficulties. Lassie yearns for her former owners, and this feeling only intensifies when the new owner takes her far from her home. The collie escapes and overcomes many obstacles. Despite all the difficulties, the dog is reunited with its former owners.
THE PROBLEM OF MASTERY IN ART
1. In the story by V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician" Pyotr Popelsky had to overcome many difficulties to find his place in life. Despite his blindness, Petrus became a pianist who, through his playing, helped people become purer in heart and kinder in soul.
2. In the story by A.I. Kuprin "Taper" boy Yuri Agazarov is a self-taught musician. The writer emphasizes that the young pianist is amazingly talented and hardworking. The boy's talent does not go unnoticed. His playing amazed the famous pianist Anton Rubinstein. So Yuri became known throughout Russia as one of the most talented composers.
THE PROBLEM OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LIFE EXPERIENCE FOR WRITERS
1. In Boris Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago, the main character is interested in poetry. Yuri Zhivago is a witness of the revolution and civil war. These events are reflected in his poems. Thus, life itself inspires the poet to create beautiful works.
2. The theme of a writer's vocation is raised in Jack London's novel Martin Eden. The main character is a sailor who has been doing hard physical labor for many years. Martin Eden visited different countries and saw the life of ordinary people. All this became the main theme of his work. Thus, life experience allowed a simple sailor to become a famous writer.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF MUSIC ON THE MIND OF A PERSON
1. In the story by A.I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet" Vera Sheina experiences spiritual cleansing to the sounds of a Beethoven sonata. Listening to classical music, the heroine calms down after the trials she has experienced. The magical sounds of the sonata helped Vera find inner balance and find the meaning of her future life.
2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria "Casta Diva" awaken in his soul feelings that he has never experienced. I.A. Goncharov emphasizes that for a long time Oblomov did not feel “such vigor, such strength that seemed to rise from the bottom of his soul, ready for a feat.”
THE PROBLEM OF MOTHER'S LOVE
1.
In the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" describes the scene of Pyotr Grinev's farewell to his mother. Avdotya Vasilyevna was depressed when she learned that her son needed to leave for work for a long time. Saying goodbye to Peter, the woman could not hold back her tears, because nothing could be harder for her than parting with her son. Avdotya Vasilievna’s love is sincere and immense.
THE PROBLEM OF THE IMPACT OF WORKS OF ART ABOUT WAR ON PEOPLE
1. In Lev Kassil’s story “The Great Confrontation,” Sima Krupitsyna listened to news reports from the front every morning on the radio. One day a girl heard the song "Holy War". Sima was so excited by the words of this anthem for the defense of the Fatherland that she decided to go to the front. So the work of art inspired the main character to perform a feat.
THE PROBLEM OF Pseudoscience
1. In the novel by V.D. Dudintsev "White Clothes" Professor Ryadno is deeply convinced of the correctness of the biological doctrine approved by the party. For the sake of personal gain, the academician is launching a fight against genetic scientists. He vehemently defends pseudoscientific views and resorts to the most dishonorable acts in order to achieve fame. The fanaticism of an academician leads to the death of talented scientists and the cessation of important research.
2. G.N. Troepolsky in the story “Candidate of Sciences” speaks out against those who defend false views and ideas. The writer is convinced that such scientists hinder the development of science, and, consequently, of society as a whole. In the story by G.N. Troepolsky focuses on the need to combat false scientists.
THE PROBLEM OF LATE REPENTANCE
1. In the story by A.S. Pushkin's "Station Warden" Samson Vyrin was left alone after his daughter ran away with Captain Minsky. The old man did not lose hope of finding Dunya, but all attempts remained unsuccessful. The caretaker died from melancholy and hopelessness. Only a few years later Dunya came to her father’s grave. The girl felt guilty for the death of the caretaker, but repentance came too late.
2. In the story by K.G. Paustovsky's "Telegram" Nastya left her mother and went to St. Petersburg to build a career. Katerina Petrovna had a presentiment of her imminent death and more than once asked her daughter to visit her. However, Nastya remained indifferent to the fate of her mother and did not have time to come to her funeral. The girl repented only at Katerina Petrovna’s grave. So K.G. Paustovsky argues that you need to be attentive to your loved ones.
THE PROBLEM OF HISTORICAL MEMORY
1. V.G. Rasputin, in his essay “The Eternal Field,” writes about his impressions of a trip to the site of the Battle of Kulikovo. The writer notes that more than six hundred years have passed and during this time much has changed. However, the memory of this battle still lives thanks to the obelisks erected in honor of the ancestors who defended Rus'.
2. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva “And the dawns here are quiet...” five girls fell fighting for their homeland. Many years later, their combat comrade Fedot Vaskov and Rita Osyanina’s son Albert returned to the site of the death of the anti-aircraft gunners to install a gravestone and perpetuate their feat.
THE PROBLEM OF THE LIFE COURSE OF A GIFTED PERSON
1. In the story by B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...” Smolensk doctor Janson is an example of selflessness combined with high professionalism. The most talented doctor rushed to help the sick every day, in any weather, without demanding anything in return. For these qualities, the doctor earned the love and respect of all residents of the city.
2. In the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin's "Mozart and Salieri" tells the life story of two composers. Salieri writes music in order to become famous, and Mozart selflessly serves art. Because of envy, Salieri poisoned the genius. Despite Mozart's death, his works live on and excite people's hearts.
THE PROBLEM OF THE DEVASTATING CONSEQUENCES OF WAR
1. A. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor” depicts the life of a Russian village after the war, which led not only to economic decline, but also to a loss of morality. The villagers lost part of their economy and became callous and heartless. Thus, the war leads to irreparable consequences.
2. In the story by M.A. Sholokhov’s “The Fate of a Man” shows the life path of soldier Andrei Sokolov. His house was destroyed by the enemy, and his family died during the bombing. So M.A. Sholokhov emphasizes that war deprives people of the most valuable thing they have.
THE PROBLEM OF CONTRADICTION OF THE HUMAN INNER WORLD
1. In the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" Evgeny Bazarov is distinguished by his intelligence, hard work, and determination, but at the same time, the student is often harsh and rude. Bazarov condemns people who give in to feelings, but is convinced of the incorrectness of his views when he falls in love with Odintsova. So I.S. Turgenev showed that people are characterized by inconsistency.
2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova “Oblomov” Ilya Ilyich has both negative and positive character traits. On the one hand, the main character is apathetic and dependent. Oblomov is not interested in real life; it makes him bored and tired. On the other hand, Ilya Ilyich is distinguished by his sincerity, sincerity, and ability to understand the problems of another person. This is the ambiguity of Oblomov’s character.
THE PROBLEM OF TREATING PEOPLE FAIRLY
1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" Porfiry Petrovich is investigating the murder of an old money-lender. The investigator is a keen expert on human psychology. He understands the motives for Rodion Raskolnikov’s crime and partly sympathizes with him. Porfiry Petrovich gives the young man a chance to confess. This will subsequently serve as a mitigating circumstance in Raskolnikov’s case.
2. A.P. Chekhov, in his story “Chameleon,” introduces us to the story of a dispute that broke out over a dog bite. Police warden Ochumelov is trying to decide whether she deserves punishment. Ochumelov’s verdict depends only on whether the dog belongs to the general or not. The warden is not looking for justice. His main goal is to curry favor with the general.
THE PROBLEM OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF HUMAN AND NATURE
1. In the story by V.P. Astafieva “Tsar Fish” Ignatyich was engaged in poaching for many years. One day, a fisherman caught a giant sturgeon on his hook. Ignatyich understood that he alone could not cope with the fish, but greed did not allow him to call his brother and the mechanic for help. Soon the fisherman himself found himself overboard, entangled in his nets and hooks. Ignatyich understood that he could die. V.P. Astafiev writes: “The king of the river and the king of all nature are in one trap.” So the author emphasizes the inextricable connection between man and nature.
2. In the story by A.I. Kuprin "Olesya" the main character lives in harmony with nature. The girl feels like an integral part of the world around her and knows how to see its beauty. A.I. Kuprin especially emphasizes that love for nature helped Olesya keep her soul unspoiled, sincere and beautiful.
THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN HUMAN LIFE
1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" music plays an important role. Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria “Casta Diva” awaken feelings in his heart that he has never experienced. I.A. Goncharov especially emphasizes that for a long time Oblomov did not feel “such vigor, such strength, which seemed to all rise from the bottom of the soul, ready for a feat.” Thus, music can awaken sincere and strong feelings in a person.
2. In the novel M.A. Sholokhov's "Quiet Don" songs accompany the Cossacks throughout their lives. They sing on military campaigns, in the fields, and at weddings. Cossacks put their whole soul into singing. The songs reveal their prowess, their love for the Don and the steppes.
THE PROBLEM OF REPLACEMENT OF BOOKS BY TELEVISION
1. R. Bradbury's novel Fahrenheit 451 depicts a society that relies on mass culture. In this world, people who can think critically are outlawed, and books that make you think about life are destroyed. Literature was replaced by television, which became the main entertainment for people. They are unspiritual, their thoughts are subject to standards. R. Bradbury convinces readers that the destruction of books inevitably leads to the degradation of society.
2. In the book “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful” D.S. Likhachev thinks about the question: why is television replacing literature. The academician believes that this happens because television distracts people from worries and forces them to watch some program without rushing. D.S. Likhachev sees this as a threat to people, because TV “dictates how to watch and what to watch” and makes people weak-willed. According to the philologist, only a book can make a person spiritually rich and educated.
THE PROBLEM OF THE RUSSIAN VILLAGE
1. A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryonin’s Dvor” depicts the life of a Russian village after the war. People not only became poorer, but also became callous and soulless. Only Matryona retained a feeling of pity for others and always came to the aid of those in need. The tragic death of the main character is the beginning of the death of the moral foundations of the Russian village.
2. In the story by V.G. Rasputin's "Farewell to Matera" depicts the fate of the inhabitants of the island, which is about to be flooded. It’s hard for old people to say goodbye to their native land, where they spent their whole lives, where their ancestors are buried. The ending of the story is tragic. Along with the village, its customs and traditions are disappearing, which over the centuries have been passed down from generation to generation and formed the unique character of the inhabitants of Matera.
THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TO POETS AND THEIR CREATIVITY
1. A.S. Pushkin in his poem “The Poet and the Crowd” calls the “stupid rabble” that part of Russian society that did not understand the purpose and meaning of creativity. According to the crowd, the poems are in the interests of society. However, A.S. Pushkin believes that a poet will cease to be a creator if he submits to the will of the crowd. Thus, the poet’s main goal is not national recognition, but the desire to make the world more beautiful.
2. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem “At the top of his voice” sees the poet’s purpose in serving the people. Poetry is an ideological weapon that can inspire people and motivate them to great achievements. Thus, V.V. Mayakovsky believes that personal creative freedom should be given up for the sake of a common great goal.
THE PROBLEM OF TEACHER'S INFLUENCE ON STUDENTS
1. In the story by V.G. Rasputin "French Lessons" class teacher Lidia Mikhailovna is a symbol of human responsiveness. The teacher helped a village boy who studied far from home and lived from hand to mouth. Lydia Mikhailovna had to go against generally accepted rules in order to help out the student. While additionally studying with the boy, the teacher taught him not only French lessons, but also lessons of kindness and empathy.
2. In Antoine de Saint-Exupery's fairy tale “The Little Prince,” the old Fox became a teacher for the main character, talking about love, friendship, responsibility, and fidelity. He revealed to the prince the main secret of the universe: “you can’t see the main thing with your eyes - only your heart is vigilant.” So the Fox taught the boy an important life lesson.
THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TOWARDS ORPHANS
1. In the story by M.A. Sholokhov's "The Fate of a Man" Andrei Sokolov lost his family during the war, but this did not make the main character heartless. The main character gave all his remaining love to the homeless boy Vanyushka, replacing his father. So M.A. Sholokhov convinces the reader that, despite life’s difficulties, one must not lose the ability to sympathize with orphans.
2. The story “Republic of ShKID” by G. Belykh and L. Panteleev depicts the life of students at a social and labor education school for street children and juvenile delinquents. It should be noted that not all students were able to become decent people, but the majority managed to find themselves and followed the right path. The authors of the story argue that the state should pay attention to orphans and create special institutions for them in order to eradicate crime.
THE PROBLEM OF WOMEN'S ROLE IN WWII
1. In the story by B.L. Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet...” five young female anti-aircraft gunners died fighting for their Motherland. The main characters were not afraid to speak out against the German saboteurs. B.L. Vasiliev masterfully portrays the contrast between femininity and the brutality of war. The writer convinces the reader that women, just like men, are capable of military feats and heroic deeds.
2. In the story by V.A. Zakrutkin’s “Mother of Man” shows the fate of a woman during the war. The main character Maria lost her entire family: her husband and child. Despite the fact that the woman was left completely alone, her heart did not harden. Maria took care of seven Leningrad orphans and replaced their mother. Tale by V.A. Zakrutkina became a hymn to a Russian woman who experienced many hardships and troubles during the war, but retained kindness, sympathy, and a desire to help other people.
THE PROBLEM OF CHANGES IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
1. A. Knyshev in the article “O great and mighty new Russian language!” writes with irony about lovers of borrowing. According to A. Knyshev, the speech of politicians and journalists often becomes ridiculous when it is overloaded with foreign words. The TV presenter is sure that the excessive use of borrowings is polluting the Russian language.
2. V. Astafiev in the story “Lyudochka” connects changes in language with the decline in the level of human culture. The speech of Artyomka-soap, Strekach and their friends is clogged with criminal jargon, which reflects the dysfunction of society, its degradation.
THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A PROFESSION
1. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem “Who to be? raises the problem of choosing a profession. The lyrical hero thinks about how to find the right path in life and occupation. V.V. Mayakovsky comes to the conclusion that all professions are good and equally necessary for people.
2. In the story “Darwin” by E. Grishkovets, the main character, after graduating from school, chooses a business that he wants to do for the rest of his life. He realizes the “uselessness of what is happening” and refuses to study at the cultural institute when he watches a play performed by students. The young man has a firm belief that a profession should be useful and bring pleasure.
Perhaps, for any schoolchild, the most difficult part in the Unified State Exam in the Russian language is the composition of part C. And the paragraph, which, presumably, should contain arguments, can even lead to hysterics. What to write? How to write? And most importantly, which literary works to choose? It's not so scary! On our website you will find arguments for essay Part C on almost all topics! Moreover, this page is constantly updated as we post more and more new arguments! Visit us more often, and you will feel quite calm and confident at the Unified State Exam in Russian. For ease of perception, we group the arguments into tables by topic. Save the tables you need or just learn them, and then you won’t need to re-read a bunch of literary works in order to write a good essay in Part C. So, arguments!
THE PROBLEM OF THE EXTRA PERSON!
1) The problem of the “superfluous person” has been reflected more than once in Russian literature. “The extra person” is a special, specific historical socio-psychological variety of the more general type of “strange person.” We can also call the main character of the work “an extra person.” Lermontov “Hero of Our Time” Pechorina. Pechorin's personality in the novel is broader than his time, environment, specific circumstances, and the social roles offered to him by society. Awareness of oneself as a spiritually free holistic personality, responsible not only for individual actions, but also for the choice of life position, for the implementation of one’s “high purpose,” and at the same time, a tragic misunderstanding of one’s purpose makes Pechorin “an extra person.”
2) Another hero who can easily be called “The Superfluous Man” is the hero of the same name novel in verse by Eugene Onegin. Onegin lives according to the principles of the surrounding society, but at the same time he is far from it. Belonging to the light, he despises it. Onegin does not find his true purpose and place in life; he is burdened by his loneliness. It is Eugene Onegin who opens up a whole “gallery of superfluous people” in Russian literature.
THE PROBLEM OF A DIFFICULT CHILDHOOD!
1) We will find many works of Russian classical literature that reflect this problem. Let us remember, for example, little twelve-year-old Vaska from Kuprin’s works “In the Bowels of the Earth”, who is forced to work in a mine, which seems to him a strange and incomprehensible monster. Vaska is also a child with a stolen childhood. He is forced to go to work in the mine, although he does not understand the morals that reign among the workers, and the work itself is too hard for a twelve-year-old boy.
2) Not only literary works teach us to appreciate what we have. Real stories about children participating in military battles of the Great Patriotic War are known to almost every child. We remember the names of Leni Golikova, Valya Kotik, Zina Portnova, Nadya Bogdanova. All of them lost their childhood, and some even their lives, in the war.
THE PROBLEM OF BRIBERY AND OFFICIALS!
1) Let's remember the work N.V. Gogol “The Inspector General”. Having learned about the arrival of the auditor, officials are terribly frightened and try to “prepare” for his arrival. For example, the trustee of charitable institutions is advised to dress the sick in clean caps, and in general, to make sure that there are fewer sick people. As a result, all the officials decide to give Khlestakov, who is taken for an auditor, a bribe “supposedly as a loan.” All this shows that already in the time of Nikolai Vasilyevich, bribery and lawlessness among officials were quite a big problem.
2) B "Divine Comedy" by Dante in one of the circles of hell, devils throw bribe-takers into a ditch filled with boiling tar. The devils also make sure that the bribe-takers do not stick their heads out of the boiling tar, and they beat those who stick out with hooks.
PROBLEM OF FATHERS AND CHILDREN!
1)“Fathers and Sons” by I. S. Turgenev. The main character of the novel, Evgeny Bazarov, denies all kinds of feelings, friendship, love. He never shows his warm attitude towards his parents, who madly love and admire their son. The hero communicates little with his parents, after a long separation he leaves, having stayed only a few days... Only before his death does Bazarov realize how much he really loves them.
2) “Station Warden” A. S. Pushkin. The author tells us the story of a poor stationmaster, whose only joy was his beloved daughter. But the girl leaves her father. He tries to find her, even just to see her, but he is kicked out of his daughter’s house. And only after his death, when the girl comes to visit her father, she realizes what she has done.
THE PROBLEM OF DESTINY IN A PERSON'S LIFE!
1) Zhukovsky's ballad “Lyudmila”. The main idea of Zhukovsky’s ballad, written in imitation of Burger’s “Lenora,” was the conviction that grumbling about fate is a sin. Lyudmila, who has lost her fiancé, grumbles at fate, so her prayer becomes heard by heaven. A dead groom comes for Lyudmila, who takes her to the grave.
2) “Hero of Our Time” by M. Yu. Lermontov. In the chapter “Fatalist” of the novel by M. Yu. Leromontov, we are also faced with questions of fate. The officers start a dispute about whether a person's fate is written in heaven. Lieutenant Vulich is called in to resolve the dispute, who randomly takes a weapon from the wall, decides to shoot himself in the head and... misfires! But Pechorin is sure that he saw the stamp of death on his face. And indeed, Vulich dies that same evening at the hands of a drunken Cossack.
THE PROBLEM OF THE “LITTLE MAN”, THE RELATIONSHIP OF A STRONG PERSON TO THE WEAK!
1) “The Overcoat” by N.V. Gogol. The problem of the “little man” has been reflected more than once in Russian literature. Let us remember the main character of the story “The Overcoat” by N.V. Gogol. Akaki Akakievich is a typical image of a “little man”: a humiliated and powerless official who has worked all his life in the department, copying papers. The theft of a new overcoat becomes a tragedy for this hero. Akaki Akakievich tries to seek help from his superiors, but does not find a response in society. And everyone he turns to considers his problem insignificant and not worth attention.
2) “Station Warden” by A. S. Pushkin. Another example of reflecting the problem of the “little man” is the work of A. S. Pushkin “The Station Warden”. In this work, the author tells us the story of Samson Vyrin, whose only daughter leaves with the hussar and leaves her poor father. Vyrin can’t even see his daughter! He feels a huge gap between him, his life and his new position in the society of his Dunya. Having never come to terms with his daughter’s betrayal, he dies.
THE PROBLEM OF MORAL CHOICE!
1)“The Master and Margarita” by M.A. Bulgakov. This problem has been reflected more than once in Russian classical literature. Let's remember Mikhail Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita", in which Woland and his retinue tempt Muscovites who make the wrong choice over and over again, for which they receive their punishment. Nikanor Ivanovich Bosoy takes a bribe, the barman cheats, Styopa Likhodeev is debauched... And, of course, speaking about moral choice, one cannot help but recall Pontius Pilate, who was never able to make the right choice. After all, he realizes too late that “this afternoon he irretrievably missed something.”
2) “Eugene Onegin” A.S. Pushkin. Another literary hero who also could not make a choice according to his conscience is Eugene Onegin. The hero understands that his duel with Lensky is absolutely pointless, but still accepts the challenge. Why? A.S. Pushkin gives a completely unambiguous answer: “And here is public opinion! Spring of honor, our idol! And this is what the world revolves on!” That is, for Onegin, public opinion was more important than the life of a friend. But if the hero tried to make a choice, relying on his conscience, then everything would end well.
THE PROBLEM IS THE INFLUENCE OF NATURE ON HUMANS AND THE CAREFUL ATTITUDE TO HER!
1)A word about Igor's regiment. Nature reflects the mental state of the heroes, indicates danger, and warns the princes.
2)“War and Peace” by L. N. Tolstoy. Natasha Rostova admires the beauty of the night landscape in Otradnoye, it inspires him. And the changes that occur in the soul of Andrei Bolkonsky are reflected in the appearance of the oak tree, which he sees when going to Otradnoye and back. The oak here is a symbol of change and a new, better life.
3) “Grandfather Mazai and the Hares” N. A. Nekrasov. The hero of the poem, during the spring flood, saves drowning hares, collecting them in a boat, and cures two sick animals. The forest is his native element, and he worries about all its inhabitants.
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