The author of the painting “Morning in pine forest"is the great Russian artist Ivan Ivanovich (1832-1898). However, only the landscape itself belongs to his hand. The main characters of the picture - three cubs and a mother bear - were painted by someone else famous artist Konstantin Apollonovich. The erroneous idea that “Morning in a Pine Forest” was painted only by Shishkin is due to the fact that Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, who bought the painting for his collection, erased Savitsky’s signature.
History of the painting
The painting was painted in 1889. Oil on canvas. Dimensions: 139 × 213 cm. Currently in Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow. Interestingly, the painting was originally titled “Bear Family in the Forest.”
It is believed that Ivan Shishkin came up with the plot of the film during a visit to Gorodomlya Island, which is located on Lake Seliger. Here the painter saw untouched nature, a dense forest that amazes the imagination with its beauty and pristine nature.
Initially, there were no bears in the picture, only the forest landscape itself. Ivan Shishkin was an unsurpassed landscape painter, but he was not strong in animalism, that is, depicting animals. Therefore, the bears were painted by another artist - Konstantin Savitsky.
Description of the artwork “Morning in a pine forest”
The painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” literally captivates the viewer with its extraordinary beauty. The centuries-old forest amazes with its power and untouched nature. Pines with thick trunks and gnarled branches seem to hint at their ancient nature. The forest is drowning in a whitish fog, which early in the morning covered everything around with a milky curtain.
The painting depicts early morning. The sun is just beginning to rise and the forest is beginning to take on the golden hues of dawn. Since the sun cast its first rays on the very tops of the trees, they contrast sharply with the twilight inside the forest. Such a beautiful transition of colors and shades is mesmerizing. The shades of the picture smoothly change from dark green below to bright gold above.
In the foreground is a fallen pine tree. A bear family has gathered here. Three restless bear cubs crawl along a broken trunk. Nearby is a mother bear who is watching over her cubs, who still want to play and explore everything unfamiliar. One of the cubs stood on hind legs and peers deep into the fog-shrouded forest. In this way, he intrigues the viewer, so that you want to follow his gaze, peer deep into the picture to see what the frozen bear cub saw in the distance.
Plot
With rare exceptions, the subject of Shishkin's paintings (if you look at this issue broadly) is one - nature. Ivan Ivanovich is an enthusiastic, loving contemplator. And the viewer becomes an eyewitness to the painter’s meeting with his native expanses.
Shishkin was an extraordinary expert on the forest. He knew everything about trees of different species and noticed errors in the drawing. During plein airs, the artist’s students were ready to literally hide in the bushes, just so as not to hear criticism in the spirit of “Such a birch cannot exist” or “these pine trees are fake.”
The students were so afraid of Shishkin that they hid in the bushes
As for people and animals, they occasionally appeared in Ivan Ivanovich’s paintings, but they were more of a background than an object of attention. “Morning in a Pine Forest” is perhaps the only painting where bears compete with the forest. For this, thanks to one of Shishkin’s best friends - the artist Konstantin Savitsky. He suggested such a composition and depicted animals. True, Pavel Tretyakov, who bought the canvas, erased Savitsky’s name, so for a long time the bears were attributed to Shishkin.
Portrait of Shishkin by I. N. Kramskoy. 1880
Context
Before Shishkin, it was fashionable to paint Italian and Swiss landscapes. “Even in those rare cases when artists took on the depiction of Russian localities, Russian nature became Italianized, brought closer to the ideal Italian beauty“,” recalled Alexandra Komarova, Shishkin’s niece. Ivan Ivanovich was the first who painted Russian nature realistically with such ecstasy. So that looking at his paintings, a person would say: “There is a Russian spirit there, it smells like Russia.”
Rye. 1878
And now the story of how Shishkin’s canvas became a wrapper. Around the same time that “Morning in a Pine Forest” was presented to the public, Julius Geis, head of the Einem Partnership, was brought a candy to try: a thick layer of almond praline between two wafer plates and enrobed chocolate. The confectioner liked the candy. Geis thought about the name. Then his gaze lingered on a reproduction of a painting by Shishkin and Savitsky. This is how the idea of “Teddy Bear” came about.
The wrapper, familiar to everyone, appeared in 1913, created by the artist Manuil Andreev. To the plot of Shishkin and Savitsky, he added a frame from spruce branches and the Stars of Bethlehem - in those years, candy was the most expensive and desired gift for the Christmas holidays. Over time, the wrapper has gone through various adjustments, but remains conceptually the same.
The fate of the artist
“Lord, will my son really be a painter!” — Ivan Shishkin’s mother lamented when she realized that she could not convince her son, who had decided to become an artist. The boy was terribly afraid of becoming an official. And, by the way, it’s good that he didn’t. The fact is that Shishkin had an uncontrollable urge to draw. Literally every sheet that was in Ivan’s hands was covered with drawings. Just imagine what the official Shishkin could do with the documents!
Shishkin knew all the botanical details about trees
Ivan Ivanovich studied painting first in Moscow, then in St. Petersburg. Life was hard. The artist Pyotr Neradovsky, whose father studied and lived with Ivan Ivanovich, wrote in his memoirs: “Shishkin was so poor that he often did not have his own boots. To go out somewhere from the house, it happened that he put on his father's boots. On Sundays they went to lunch together with my father’s sister.”
In the wild north. 1891
But everything was forgotten in the summer in the open air. Together with Savrasov and other classmates, they went somewhere out of town and painted sketches from life there. “It was there, in nature, that we really learned... In nature, we studied, and also took a break from the casts,” Shishkin recalled. Even then he chose the theme of his life: “I truly love the Russian forest and only write about it. The artist needs to choose the one thing that he loves most... There’s no way to throw it away.” By the way, Shishkin learned to masterfully paint Russian nature abroad. He studied in the Czech Republic, Germany, and Switzerland. The paintings brought from Europe brought in the first decent money.
After the death of his wife, brother and son, Shishkin drank for a long time and could not work
Meanwhile, in Russia, the Peredvizhniki protested against the academicians. Shishkin was incredibly happy about this. In addition, many of the rebels were friends of Ivan Ivanovich. True, over time he quarreled with both of them and was very worried about this.
Shishkin died suddenly. I sat down at the canvas, just about to start working, and yawned once. and that's all. This is exactly what the painter wanted - “instantly, right away, so as not to suffer.” Ivan Ivanovich was 66 years old.
Bears of discord, or how Shishkin and Savitsky quarreledEveryone knows this painting, and they also know its author, the great Russian landscape painter Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin. The title of the painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” is less remembered; more often they say “Three Bears”, although there are actually four of them (however, the painting was originally called “Bear Family in the Forest”). The fact that the bears in the picture were painted by Shishkin’s friend, the artist Konstantin Apollonovich Savitsky, is known to an even narrower circle of art lovers, but is also not a secret. But how the co-authors divided the fee, and why Savitsky’s signature on the picture is almost indistinguishable, history is bashfully silent about this.
It went something like this...
They say that Savitsky first saw Shishkin in the Artel of Artists. This Artel was both a workshop and a canteen, and something like a club where problems of creativity were discussed. And then one day young Savitsky was having dinner at the Artel, and next to him some artist of a heroic physique kept joking, and between jokes he completed a drawing. Savitsky found this approach to the matter frivolous. When the artist began to erase the drawing with his rough fingers, Savitsky had no doubt that this strange man Now all your work will be ruined.
But the drawing turned out very good. Savitsky, in his excitement, forgot about dinner, and the hero came up to him and rumbled in a friendly bass voice that it was bad to eat, and that only those with an excellent appetite and a cheerful disposition could cope with any work.
That’s how they became friends: young Savitsky and the already famous, respected Artel Shishkin. Since then, they met more than once and went to sketches together. Both were in love with the Russian forest and once started talking about how it would be nice to paint a large-scale canvas with bears. Savitsky allegedly said that he had painted bears more than once for his son and had already figured out how to depict them on a large canvas. And Shishkin seemed to smile slyly:
Why don't you come to me? I waved one thing away...
The thing turned out to be “Morning in a Pine Forest.” Just no bears. Savitsky was delighted. And Shishkin said that now all that remains is to work on the bears: there is a place for them on the canvas, they say. And then Savitsky asked: “Excuse me!” - and soon a bear family settled in the place indicated by Shishkin.
P.M. Tretyakov purchased this painting from I.I. Shishkin for 4 thousand rubles, when the signatures of K.A. Savitsky was not there yet. Having learned about such an impressive sum, Konstantin Apollonovich, who had seven shops, came to Ivan Ivanovich for his share. Shishkin suggested that he first register his co-authorship by signing the painting, which was done. However, Tretyakov did not like this trick. After the transaction was completed, he rightfully considered the paintings his property and did not allow any of the authors to touch them.
I bought a painting from Shishkin. Why else Savitsky? Give me some turpentine,” said Pavel Mikhailovich and erased Savitsky’s signature with his own hand. He also paid money to Shishkin alone.
Now Ivan Ivanovich was offended; he justifiably considered the picture to be complete without the bears. an independent work. Indeed, the landscape is charming. This is not just a dense pine forest, but a morning in the forest with its fog that has not yet dissipated, with the lightly pinked tops of huge pines, and cold shadows in the thickets. In addition, Shishkin drew sketches of the bear family himself.
How the matter ended and how the artists divided the money is not known for certain, but since then Shishkin and Savitsky have not painted pictures together.
And “Morning in a Pine Forest” gained wild popularity among the people thanks to the figures of a bear and three cheerful cubs, so vividly painted by Savitsky.
MOSCOW, January 25 - RIA Novosti, Victoria Salnikova. 185 years ago, on January 25, 1832, Ivan Shishkin was born, perhaps the most “folk” Russian artist.
IN Soviet era reproductions of his paintings hung in many apartments, and the famous bear cubs from the painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” migrated to candy wrappers.
Ivan Shishkin’s paintings still live their own life, far from the museum space. What role did Vladimir Mayakovsky play in their history and how Shishkin’s bears ended up on the wrappers of pre-revolutionary sweets - in the RIA Novosti material.
"Get a savings book!"
In Soviet times, the design of the candy wrapper did not change, but “Mishka” became the most expensive delicacy: in the 1920s, a kilogram of candy was sold for four rubles. The candy even had a slogan: “If you want to eat Mishka, get yourself a Savings Book!” This phrase from the poet Vladimir Mayakovsky even began to be printed on wrappers.
Despite the high price, the delicacy was in demand among buyers: the artist and graphic artist Alexander Rodchenko even captured it on the Mosselprom building in Moscow in 1925.
In the 1950s, the “Bear Bear” candy went to Brussels: the “Red October” factory participated in the World Exhibition and received the highest award.
Art in every home
But the story of “Mornings in a Pine Forest” was not limited to sweets. Another popular trend in Soviet times was reproductions classical works art.
© Photo: Public Domain Ivan Shishkin. "Rye". Oil on canvas. 1878
Unlike oil paintings, they were cheap and sold in any bookstore, so they were available to almost every family. “Morning in a Pine Forest” and “Rye,” another popular painting by Ivan Shishkin, adorned the walls of many Soviet apartments and dachas.
“Bears” also ended up on tapestries - a favorite interior detail Soviet man. Over the course of a century, “Morning in a Pine Forest” has become one of the most recognizable paintings in Russia. True, a casual viewer is unlikely to immediately remember its real name.
In exchange for drugs
The works of Ivan Shishkin are popular with robbers and scammers. On January 25, employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Belarus discovered a work of art stolen in Russia in the car of drug couriers. The painting "Forest. Spruces" from 1897 was stolen in 2013 from the Vyaznikovsky Historical and Art Museum in the Vladimir region. According to preliminary information, drug couriers brought the painting to Belarus at the request of a potential buyer from Europe. The cost of the painting could reach two million dollars, but the attackers planned to sell it for 100 thousand euros and three kilograms of cocaine.
Last year, criminal investigation officers suspected a 57-year-old woman of stealing the painting “Preobrazhenskoe” from 1896. The woman received this work from a famous collector for sale, however, according to investigators, she appropriated it.
Ivan Shishkin glorified not only his hometown(Elabuga) for the whole country, but also for the entire vast territory of Russia and for the whole world. His most famous painting is “Morning in a Pine Forest.” Why is it so famous and why is it considered practically the standard of painting? Let's try to understand this issue.
Shishkin and landscapes
Ivan Shishkin is a famous landscape artist. His unique style The work takes its origins from the Düsseldorf School of Drawing. But, unlike most of his colleagues, the artist passed the basic techniques through himself, which made it possible to create a unique style, not inherent in anyone else.
Shishkin admired nature all his life; she inspired him to create numerous masterpieces of a million colors and shades. The artist always tried to depict the flora as he sees it, without various exaggerations and decorations.
He tried to choose landscapes untouched by human hands. Virgin like the forests of the taiga. combine realism with a poetic view of nature. Ivan Ivanovich saw poetry in the play of light and shadow, in the power of Mother Earth, in the fragility of one Christmas tree standing in the wind.
The versatility of the artist
It's hard to imagine such a thing genius artist the head of the city or school teacher. But Shishkin combined many talents. Coming from a merchant family, he had to follow in the footsteps of his parent. In addition, Shishkin’s good disposition quickly endeared him to people throughout the city. He was elected to the post of manager and helped develop his native Elabuga as best he could. Naturally, this was also manifested in painting. Shishkin’s pen is “History of the City of Elabuga”.
Ivan Ivanovich managed to draw pictures and participate in exciting archaeological excavations. He lived abroad for some time, and even became an academician in Düsseldorf.
Shishkin was an active member of the Itinerants Society, where he met other famous Russian artists. He was considered a real authority among other painters. They tried to inherit the master’s style, and the paintings inspired both writers and painters.
He left behind a legacy of numerous landscapes that have become decorations in museums and private collections around the globe.
After Shishkin, few people managed to depict all the diversity of Russian nature so realistically and so beautifully. No matter what happened in the artist’s personal life, he did not allow his troubles to be reflected on the canvases.
Background
The artist treated forest nature with great trepidation; it literally captivated him with its countless colors, variety of shades, and the rays of the sun breaking through the thick pine branches.
Painting "Morning in pine forest"became the embodiment of Shishkin’s love for the forest. It quickly gained popularity, and was soon used in pop culture, on stamps, and even on candy wrappers. To this day it is carefully kept in the Tretyakov Gallery.
Description: “Morning in a pine forest”
Ivan Shishkin managed to capture one moment from an entire forest life. He conveyed with the help of a drawing the moment of the beginning of the day, when the sun was just beginning to rise. An amazing moment of the birth of a new life. The painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” depicts an awakening forest and still sleepy bear cubs that are getting out of a secluded dwelling.
In this painting, as in many others, the artist wanted to emphasize the immensity of nature. To do this, he cut off the tops of the pine trees at the top of the canvas.
If you look closely, you will notice that the roots of the tree on which the cubs are frolicking have been torn out. Shishkin seemed to emphasize that this forest is so uninhabited and deaf that only animals can live in it, and the trees fall on their own, from old age.
Shishkin indicated the morning in a pine forest with the help of the fog that we see between the trees. Thanks to this artistic move, the time of day becomes obvious.
Co-authorship
Shishkin was an excellent landscape painter, but rarely took on images of animals in his works. The painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” was no exception. He created the landscape, but the four cubs were painted by another artist, an expert on animals, Konstantin Savitsky. They say that it was he who suggested the very idea for this painting. While painting a morning in a pine forest, Shishkin took Savitsky as a co-author, and the painting was initially signed by the two of them. However, after the painting was transferred to the gallery, Tretyakov considered Shishkin’s work more extensive and erased the name of the second artist.
Story
Shishkin and Savitsky went into nature. This is how the story began. The morning in the pine forest seemed so beautiful to them that it was impossible not to immortalize it on canvas. To search for a prototype, they went to Gordomlya Island, which stands on Lake Seliger. There they found this landscape and new inspiration for the painting.
The island, completely covered with forests, contained the remnants of virgin nature. For many centuries it stood untouched. This could not leave artists indifferent.
Claims
The painting was born in 1889. Although Savitsky initially complained to Tretyakov that he had erased his name, he soon changed his mind and abandoned this masterpiece in favor of Shishkin.
He justified his decision by the fact that the style of the painting fully corresponds to what Ivan Ivanovich did, and even the sketches of the bears originally belonged to him.
Facts and Misconceptions
Like any famous painting, the painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” arouses great interest. Consequently, it has a number of interpretations and is mentioned in literature and cinema. They say about this masterpiece as in high society, and on the streets.
Over time, some facts have been changed, and general misconceptions have become firmly entrenched in society:
- One of the common mistakes is the opinion that Vasnetsov created “Morning in a Pine Forest” together with Shishkin. Viktor Mikhailovich, of course, knew Ivan Ivanovich, since they were members of the Itinerants club together. However, Vasnetsov could not possibly be the author of such a landscape. If you pay attention to his style, he is not at all similar to Shishkin, they belong to different art schools. These names are still mentioned together from time to time. Vasnetsov is not that artist. “Morning in a Pine Forest” was undoubtedly painted by Shishkin.
- The title of the painting sounds like “Morning in a Pine Forest.” Boron is simply a second name that people apparently found more appropriate and mysterious.
- Unofficially, some Russians still call the painting “Three Bears,” which is blunder. There are not three, but four animals in the picture. It is likely that the canvas began to be called that because of the popular Soviet-era candy called “Bear-toed Bear.” The candy wrapper depicted a reproduction of Shishkin’s “Morning in a Pine Forest.” People gave the candy the name “Three Bears”.
- The picture has its “first version”. Shishkin painted another canvas of the same theme. He called it “Fog in the Pine Forest.” Few people know about this picture. She is rarely remembered. There is no canvas on site Russian Federation. To this day it is kept in private collection in Poland.
- Initially, there were only two bear cubs in the picture. Later Shishkin decided that the image should include four clubfooted people. Thanks to the addition of two more bears, the genre of the film changed. It began to be located on the “borderland”, as some elements of the game scene appeared on the landscape.