), belongs to the best part of the then Russian younger generation. Many literary critics claimed that Chatsky is a reasoner. This is completely false! One can call him a reasoner only insofar as the author expresses his thoughts and experiences through his lips; but Chatsky is a living, real face; he, like every person, has his own qualities and shortcomings. (See also Image of Chatsky.)
We know that Chatsky in his youth often visited Famusov’s house and, together with Sophia, studied with foreign teachers. But such an education could not satisfy him, and he went abroad to travel. His journey lasted 3 years, and now we see Chatsky again in his homeland, Moscow, where he spent his childhood. Like any person who has returned home after a long absence, everything here is sweet to him, everything evokes pleasant memories associated with childhood; he takes pleasure in going over the memories of acquaintances in whom, by the nature of his sharp mind, he certainly sees funny, caricatured features, but he does this at first without any malice or bile, and so, for laughter, to embellish his memories: “a Frenchman, knocked down by the wind ...”, and “this... little black one, on crane legs...”
Woe from the mind. Maly Theater performance, 1977
Going through the typical, sometimes caricatured aspects of Moscow life, Chatsky passionately says that when
“...you wander, you return home,
And the smoke of the fatherland is sweet and pleasant to us!”
In this, Chatsky is completely different from those young people who, returning from abroad to Russia, treated everything Russian with contempt and praised only everything that they saw in foreign countries. It was thanks to this external comparison of native Russian with foreign that the strong degree gallomania, which so outrages Chatsky. His separation from his homeland, the comparison of Russian life with European life, only caused him to become even stronger, more deep love to Russia, to the Russian people. That is why, having found himself again after a three-year absence among Moscow society, under a fresh impression he sees all the exaggeration, all the funny sides of this gallomania.
But Chatsky, who is hot by nature, no longer laughs, he is deeply indignant at the sight of how the “Frenchman from Bordeaux” reigns among Moscow society only because he is a foreigner; is indignant at the fact that everything Russian and national causes ridicule in society:
“How to put the European in parallel
Something strange about the national one!” –
someone says, causing general laughter of approval. Reaching the point of exaggeration, Chatsky, in contrast to the general opinion, says with indignation:
“At least we could borrow a few from the Chinese
Their ignorance of foreigners is wise.”
………………………
“Will we ever be resurrected from the foreign power of fashion,
So that our smart, kind people
Although he didn’t consider us Germans based on our language?” –
meaning by “Germans” foreigners and hinting that in society in that era everyone spoke foreign languages to each other; Chatsky suffers, realizing what an abyss separates millions of the Russian people from the ruling class of nobles.
WITH early years children were given a foreign upbringing, which gradually alienated secular youth from everything native and national. Chatsky casually sneers at these “regiments” of foreign teachers, “more in number, at a cheaper price,” who were entrusted with the education of noble youth. Hence the ignorance of their people, hence the lack of understanding of the difficult situation in which the Russian people found themselves, thanks serfdom. Through the mouth of Chatsky, Griboyedov expresses the thoughts and feelings of the best part of the nobility of that time, who were indignant at the injustices that entailed serfdom, who fought against the tyranny of avid serf owners. Chatsky (monologue “Who are the judges?..”) depicts such arbitrariness in bright colors, recalling one master, “Nestor of the noble scoundrels,” who exchanged several of his faithful servants for three greyhounds; another, a theater lover, who
“I drove to the serf ballet on many wagons
From mothers and fathers of rejected children"; –
he made “all Moscow marvel at their beauty.” But then, in order to pay off creditors, he sold off these children, who portrayed “cupids and zephyrs” on stage, one by one, separating them forever from their parents...
Chatsky cannot calmly talk about this, his soul is indignant, his heart aches for the Russian people, for Russia, which he loves dearly, which he would like to serve. But how to serve?
“I would be glad to serve, but being served is sickening,”
he says, hinting that among the many government officials he sees only the Molchalins or such nobles as Famusov’s uncle Maxim Petrovich.
I don't go here anymore.
I’m running, I won’t look back, I’ll go looking around the world,
Where is there a corner for an offended feeling!
Give me a carriage, a carriage!”
In this stormy outburst of despair, Chatsky’s entire ardent, unbalanced, noble soul is visible.
The image of Chatsky in “Woe from Wit”
The Famusov society, which firmly preserved the traditions of the “past century,” is opposed by Alexander Andreich Chatsky. This is the leading man of the “present century”, more precisely, the time when after Patriotic War 1812, which sharpened the social consciousness of the Russian people, secret revolutionary circles began to emerge and develop, political societies. Chatsky in the literature of the 20s 19th century the most striking image of the “new man”, positive hero, a Decembrist in his views, social behavior, moral convictions, throughout his entire mentality and soul.
The son of Famusov's late friend, Chatsky grew up in his house; as a child, he was raised and studied together with Sophia under the guidance of Russian and foreign teachers and tutors. The framework of the comedy did not allow Griboyedov to tell in detail where Chatsky studied next, how he grew and developed. We only know that he is an educated man, engaged in literary work(“he writes and translates nicely”) that he was on military service, had connections with ministers, was abroad for three years (apparently as part of the Russian army). Staying abroad enriched Chatsky with new impressions, expanded his mental horizons, but did not make him a fan of everything foreign. From this groveling before Europe, so typical of Famusov society, protected Chatsky’s inherent qualities: genuine patriotism, love for his homeland, for its people, a critical attitude towards the reality around him, independence of views, a developed sense of personal and national dignity.
Returning to Moscow, Chatsky found in life noble society the same vulgarity and emptiness that characterized her in her old years. He found the same spirit of moral oppression, suppression of the individual, which reigned in this society before the War of 1812.
The collision of Chatsky - a man with a strong-willed character, integral in his feelings, a fighter for an idea - with Famus society was inevitable. This clash gradually takes on an increasingly fierce character; it is complicated by Chatsky’s personal drama - the collapse of his hopes for personal happiness; his attacks against noble society become more and more harsh.
Chatsky enters into a fight with Famusov's society. In Chatsky’s speeches, the opposition of his views to the views of Famusov’s Moscow clearly appears.
1. If Famusov is a defender of the old century, the heyday of serfdom, then Chatsky, with the indignation of a Decembrist revolutionary, speaks about serf owners, about serfdom. In the monologue “Who are the judges?” he angrily speaks out against those people who are
pillars of noble society. He speaks sharply against the order of the Catherine’s age, dear to Famusov’s heart, “the age of obedience and fear - the age of flattery and arrogance.”
Chatsky’s ideal is not Maxim Petrovich, an arrogant nobleman and “hunter of indecency,” but an independent, free person, alien to slavish humiliation.
2. If Famusov, Molchalin and Skalozub view service as a source of personal benefits, service to individuals and not to business, then Chatsky breaks ties with ministers, leaves service precisely because he would like to serve his homeland, and not serve his superiors: “I would serve I’m glad, it’s sickening to be waited on,” he says. He defends the right to serve the education of the country by scientific work, literature, art, although he realizes how difficult it is under autocratic-serfdom
building:
Now let one of us
Among the young people there will be an enemy of quest,
Without demanding either places or promotion,
He will focus his mind on science, hungry for knowledge;
Or God himself will stir up heat in his soul
To the creative, high and beautiful arts,
They immediately: - robbery! fire!
And he will be known to them as a dreamer! dangerous!!!
By these young people we mean people like Chatsky, cousin Skalozuba, nephew of Princess Tugoukhovskaya, is a “chemist and botanist.”
3. If Famus society treats everything folk, national with disdain, slavishly imitates the external culture of the West, especially France, even neglecting its native language, then Chatsky stands for development national culture mastering the best, most advanced achievements European civilization. He himself “searched for intelligence” during his stay in the West, but he is against “empty, slavish, blind imitation” of foreigners.
Chatsky stands for the unity of the intelligentsia with the people. He has a high opinion of the Russian people. He calls him “smart” and “cheerful,” that is, cheerful.
4. If Famus society evaluates a person by his origin and the number of serf souls he has, then Chatsky sees the value of a person in his personal merits.
5. For Famusov and his circle, the opinion of aristocratic society is sacred and infallible; the most terrible thing is “what will Princess Marya Aleksevna say!” Chatsky defends freedom of thoughts and opinions, recognizes the right of every person to have their own beliefs and express them openly. He asks Molchalin: “Why are other people’s opinions only sacred?”
6. Chatsky sharply opposes arbitrariness, despotism, against flattery, hypocrisy, against the emptiness of those vital interests that live in the conservative circles of the nobility.
With great completeness and clarity, Chatsky’s spiritual qualities are revealed in his language: in the selection of words, in the construction of phrases, intonations, and manner of speaking.
Chatsky's speech is the speech of an orator with excellent command of words, a highly educated person.
In terms of its vocabulary, Chatsky’s speech is rich and varied. He can express any concept and feeling, give an apt description of any person and touch on different aspects of life. We meet him and folk words(just now, really, more than ever, tea), and expressions characteristic only of the Russian language: “not a hair of love”, “she doesn’t put him in a penny”, “that’s a lot of nonsense” and others. Chatsky, like the Decembrists, appreciates
national culture: his speech contains a lot old words(veche, finger, pointing at the mind, hungry for knowledge, etc.). Foreign words he uses it if to express the required concept there is no corresponding Russian word: climate, province, parallel, etc.
Chatsky constructs his speech syntactically in a variety of ways. As a speaker, he makes extensive use of periodic speech. As a writer, he cites in his speech quotes from works of art. In his words:
When you have spaced out, you return home,
And the smoke of the fatherland is sweet and pleasant to us! -
the last line is a slightly modified verse by Derzhavin:
Good news about our side is good for us;
Fatherland and smoke is sweet and pleasant to us.
(“Harp”, 1798.)
Chatsky’s intelligence is reflected in his widespread use of apt aphorisms, that is, short sayings and characteristics: “The tradition is fresh, but hard to believe,” “Blessed is he who believes: he has warmth in the world,” “The houses are new, but the prejudices are old,” etc. P. Chatsky knows how to give concise but apt characteristics of people: “A sycophant and a businessman” (Molchalin), “A constellation of maneuvers and mazurkas” (Skalozub), “And Guillaume, a Frenchman, knocked down by the wind?”
The tone of Chatsky’s speech always clearly expresses his state of mind. Joyfully excited by the meeting with Sophia, he is “buoyant and talkative.” His jokes about Muscovites at this moment are good-natured, his speech addressed to Sophia breathes lyricism. Subsequently, as his struggle with Famus society intensifies, Chatsky’s speech is increasingly colored with indignation and caustic irony.
Article menu:
The image of Alexander Chatsky successfully combined the features Byronic hero And extra person. He is a herald of new orders, a man ahead of his time. That is why his personality is clearly contrasted in the comedy with all the other characters, and he is, in fact, lonely and misunderstood by his society.
Family, childhood and youth of the hero
Alexander Andreevich Chatsky is a hereditary nobleman, an aristocrat by birth. He was born in Moscow and from childhood was included in the world of high society so desired by many. Chatsky's parents died early, leaving their son a significant estate as an inheritance.
Dear readers! We invite you to familiarize yourself with the characteristics of Famus society in the comedy by A.S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit”
Alexander Andreevich has no brothers and sisters - he is the only child in the family. Most likely, Chatsky had no other relatives (even distant ones), since after the death of his parents, Chatsky was taken in by his father’s friend, Pavel Famusov, an official and a noble person in the circles of the aristocracy and Moscow circles in particular.
Chatsky lives in Pavel Afanasyevich’s house for some time. Having matured, he sets off on an independent voyage. Apparently, Famusov was a good teacher, since Chatsky has pleasant memories of him. Alexander Andreevich arrives at Famusov’s house full of positive thoughts and with friendly intentions.
Chatsky is a member of the English Club - a gentlemen's club for aristocrats. The English Club provided for a varied expression of social and political life. However, in general it boiled down to card games and lunch. Apparently, Alexander Andreevich was not his frequent guest. At first, this was due to his age; later, Chatsky goes abroad, which a priori makes it impossible to visit this club. At the end of the three-year period, Chatsky returns to his homeland, where the main events of Griboedov’s comedy take place.
Abroad, Alexander Andreevich gets the opportunity not only to be impressed by the features of architecture and cultural heritage Europe, but also to learn about the peculiarities of relationships between people, their social and public position.
Personality characteristics
Like any other aristocrat, Chatsky received a basic education, which included a basic concept of the world and economics, and was trained foreign languages(in particular, French, as the most widespread of all foreign languages). In addition, Alexander Andreevich was trained in dance and music - this was commonplace for the aristocracy. Chatsky’s education did not end there, but moved into the form of self-development. Alexander Andreevich actively explores the world and is engaged in self-study and deepening your knowledge in one category or another. An active and inquisitive personality type and an inquisitive mind allowed Chatsky to accumulate a significant amount of knowledge, thanks to which he became a philosopher without reaching his gray hairs.
Chatsky was previously in military service, but he soon became disillusioned with military career and resigned. Alexander Andreevich did not start civil service. She was of little interest to him.
My later life he plans to devote himself to the affairs of his estate. However, in the eyes of the public, such an act looks like an unthinkable action - those around them believe that an adequate person cannot do this, because it is thanks to these two types of activities that a young man can make a name for himself and earn authority in society - other types of activities, even if they are beneficial and do not contradict the rules and principles of morality, are not accepted by others and are considered absurd.
Chatsky does not consider it a disadvantage to freely express his position - he thinks that this should be the norm in an educated society.
His speech is often sarcastic and ironic. Apparently, this is due to his outright opposition to other representatives of society. He sincere person, Chatsky believes that it is necessary to tell people the truth - he does not accept deceit and lies. Alexander Andreevich has a sensitive and sincere disposition. He is a passionate person, so it is difficult for him to control his emotions.
Chatsky recognizes the need for science and art in human life. People who neglect their education and development disgust Chatsky.
He sincerely loves his homeland and is filled with desire to improve the lives of his people, not only at the level of the aristocracy, but also at the level ordinary people.
Chatsky’s life position and his conflict with the Famusov society
Chatsky actively opposes the so-called Famusov society - a group of aristocrats united by the personality of his educator, an important official - Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov. In fact, based on this group of aristocrats, a typical situation in aristocratic circles is shown. It is not unique individuals who speak through the mouths of representatives of Famus society, but typical individuals characteristic of high society. And their position is not exclusively theirs, but an everyday occurrence.
On our website you have the opportunity to familiarize yourself with the image of Famusov in the comedy “Woe from Wit” by Alexander Griboyedov.
First of all, the difference between Chatsky and his vision from Famusov and his hangers-on lies in his attitude to business management and the peculiarities of promotion career ladder– in the world of aristocracy, everything is decided by bribes and mutual responsibility – honor and pride have long been forgotten high society. They are ready to admire people who serve and are ready to please their boss in every possible way - no one appreciates people who do their job well, who are professionals in their field, and this is very upsetting young man. To the particular amazement of Alexander Andreevich, not only their own people take bribes, but also foreigners, for whom this is an unacceptable matter.
The next stumbling block was the attitude towards activities, as well as science and art. In the vision of aristocrats, only civil service or military service is worthy of attention and honor - they consider other types of activity to be second-class and shameful for a person of noble birth. They subject servants of science and muses to special hatred and persecution. This position lies, first of all, in an absolute disregard for education. Almost all representatives of Famus society think that science and education do not bring any benefit, but only take away energy and time from people. They have approximately the same opinion about art. They consider people who are ready to engage in science or art to be abnormal and are ready to ridicule them in every possible way.
Chatsky also gives an unsatisfactory characterization of landowners, having analyzed their attitude towards serfs - very often serfs are nothing to the nobles - they can be a commodity or a living toy in the hands of the aristocracy. This applies not only to people who unscrupulously performed their duties, but also to those who diligently served their landowner. Nobles can sell their serfs and even exchange them for dogs. In general, Griboyedov, neither personally nor with the help of his heroes, never campaigned or criticized serfdom as a whole, nor was he a supporter of it. His criticism is directed not at the building of relationships itself, but at specific cases of cruelty and injustice on the part of landowners towards their serfs.
Chatsky and Sonya Famusova
Alexander Chatsky and Sonya Famusova were longtime acquaintances - they had known each other since childhood. After the death of Chatsky’s parents, the girl actually replaced his sister - their relationship was always friendly and positive. As they grew older, they began to change, and childhood affection and friendship was replaced by love. However, the novel was prevented from fully developing by Chatsky’s trip and the fact that he left Famusov, which Sonya perceived not as an everyday occurrence associated with Chatsky’s achievement of a new stage in life - independent formation, but as disappointment. In her opinion, Chatsky left their house because he was bored with life there.
On his trip, Chatsky took with him not only warm memories of his teacher, but also his love for his daughter, Sonya. Upon returning home, he hoped to renew their relationship and develop it. Alexander Andreevich saw his future wife in the image of Sonya. However, immediately after his arrival, he was sharply upset in his intentions to marry the girl by her father, who believed that only a rich man who was ready to pursue his career could apply for the position of his son-in-law. Chatsky did not fit the criteria - he was wealthy, but not rich enough, and he completely abandoned his career, which was perceived extremely negatively by Famusov. From that time on, Famusov’s childhood admiration gradually began to melt away.
Alexander Andreevich hopes that the girl’s feelings towards him are sincere, and they will be able to convince their father of the need for marriage. Sonya reciprocates Chatsky's feelings, however, over time it turns out that his beloved is no better than her father. Her gratitude and reciprocity are just a game for the public, but in fact the girl loves another person, and she was just fooling Chatsky.
The annoyed Chatsky accuses the girl of unworthy behavior and is sincerely glad that he did not become her husband, for this would have been a real punishment.
Thus, Alexander Chatsky’s image is generally humane and full of desire to change the lives of the people around him for the better. He sincerely believes in the benefits of science and art, and people who pay attention to their development arouse his interest and admiration. According to Chatsky, lies and self-interest should fade into the background, and goodness and humanity should take their place. People, in his understanding, should live guided by the laws of morality, and not by personal gain.
Characteristics of Chatsky based on the work "Woe from Wit"
Comedy written in the 20s years XIX century. After the victorious war with Napoleon in 1812, when the Russian people dealt a mortal blow to the Napoleonic army, which had gained the glory of being invincible in Europe, the contradiction between the greatest capabilities of ordinary Russian people and the plight in which they found themselves at will arose with particular acuteness. powerful of the world Therefore, the Arakcheev reaction was rampant in the country. Honest people of that time could not put up with this. Among the progressively minded nobility, protest and dissatisfaction with the existing order were brewing, and secret societies were created. And it was A.S. Griboyedov who embodied the emergence of these germs of protest in his comedy, bringing “the present century and the past century” face to face.
The first pages of the comedy were read... It became clear: everyone in Famusov’s house was waiting for the person who interested me so much. Who is he? Why is he the only one they talk about in this house? Why does Liza, the maid, remember him as a cheerful, witty person, but Sophia, Famusov’s daughter, doesn’t want to hear about Chatsky? And later I am convinced that Famusov is also irritated and alarmed. Why? I need to resolve all these questions. The comedy interested me from the very first pages.
The plot basis of the work is the conflict between the young nobleman Chatsky and the society from which he himself came. The events of the comedy take place in one Moscow aristocratic house over the course of one day. But Griboyedov managed to expand the temporal and spatial framework of the work, giving a complete picture of the life of the noble society of that time and showing the new, living, advanced that was emerging in its depths.
So, it turns out that Chatsky, who was left an orphan early, lived in the house of his guardian Famusov, a friend of his father, and was brought up with his daughter, having received an excellent education at home from foreign tutors. “The habit of being together every day inseparably” connected them with childhood friendship. But soon the young man Chatsky became “bored” in Famusov’s house, where there were no serious intellectual interests, and he “moved out,” that is, he began to live separately, independently, made good friends, and became seriously involved in science. During these years, his friendly disposition towards Sophia becomes a serious feeling. But his love for a girl did not distract him from his pursuit of knowledge and the study of life. He goes "to wander". Three years have passed...And now our hero is again in Moscow, in Famusov’s house. He hurries to see Sophia, whom he loves passionately. And such sincerity, such love and joy from meeting his beloved girl can be heard in his voice! He is lively, cheerful, witty, handsome! Chatsky is completely overwhelmed with the joy of life and does not know that trouble awaits him: after all, Sophia loves not him, but her father’s secretary, the cunning liar Molchalin.
Chatsky does not even suspect how Sophia has changed during his absence; he trusts her, as in the days of his early youth. And Sophia not only does not love him, but is even ready to hate him for his caustic words addressed to Molchalin. She is capable of lies, pretense, gossip, just to hurt, to take revenge on Chatsky. In Chatsky’s playful, sarcastic remarks, she cannot feel the pain of a man who truly loves his Motherland. Chatsky and Famusov meet as close people. But we soon become convinced that there are constant clashes between them.
In Famusov's house, Chatsky meets Skalozub, a possible contender for Sophia's hand. It is here that an intense ideological struggle arises and flares up between Famusov, a defender of autocratic serfdom, and Chatsky, a patriot, defender of “free life,” an exponent of the ideas of the Decembrists, new ideas about man and his place in society. The dispute between them is about the dignity of a person, his value, about honor and honesty, about the attitude towards service, about the place of a person in society.
Chatsky sarcastically criticizes the tyranny of serfdom, the cynicism and soullessness of the “fathers of the fatherland,” their pathetic admiration for everything foreign, their careerism, and fierce resistance to moving forward to a better life.
Famusov is afraid of people like Chatsky, since they encroach on the order of life that is the basis of well-being for the Famusovs. The smug serf owner teaches the “today’s proud people” how to live, setting up sycophants and careerists like Maxim Petrovich as an example.
Could, say, Belinsky, Ryleev, Griboyedov remain silent in such a case? Hardly! This is why we so naturally perceive Chatsky’s accusatory monologues and remarks. The hero is indignant, despises, mocks, accuses, while thinking out loud, not paying attention to how others will react to his thoughts.
Chatsky has the seething passion of a fighter for a fair society. He wants to bring his enemies to “white heat” and express his truth.
A citizen's anger and resentment give him energy.
Reading the comedy, I admire more and more how expressively Griboyedov compared Chatsky and his rivals. Chatsky evokes my sympathy and respect, recognition of his noble deeds. His statements about the world of feudal owners are near and dear to me.
The secular crowd, skillfully depicted by Griboyedov’s pen, is the personification of meanness, ignorance, and inertia. In my opinion, Sophia, whom our hero loves so much, can also be included in this crowd. After all, it is she who deals him a treacherous blow: by writing gossip about Chatsky’s madness. I understand that she wanted to take revenge for his ridicule towards Molchalin. But you can’t be so cruel and inhumane! After all, she is a representative of the fair sex and suddenly such meanness! The fiction about Chatsky's madness spreads with lightning speed. Nobody believes, but everyone repeats it. Finally, this gossip reaches Famusov. When the guests begin to list the reason for Chatsky’s madness, another meaning of this phrase is revealed: in their opinion, crazy means “freethinker.” Everyone is trying to determine the cause of the madness. Khlestova says: “I drank tea beyond my years,” but Famusov is firmly convinced:
Learning is a plague
Learning is the reason...
Various measures to combat the “madness” are then proposed. Colonel Skalozub, a narcissistic, stupid colonel of stick drill, an enemy of freedom and enlightenment, dreaming of the rank of general, says:
I will make you happy: universal rumor,
That there is a project for lyceums, schools, gymnasiums;
There they will only teach in our way: one, two;
And schools will be kept like this: for big occasions.
And Famusov, as if summarizing the opinions expressed about enlightenment, says:
Once evil is stopped:
Take all the books and burn them.
Thus, Chatsky is declared crazy for his freethinking. He is hated by reactionary society as an ideological enemy, as a progressive freedom-loving person. And society takes measures to neutralize him - he erects vile slander against him. Soon Chatsky heard gossip about his madness. He is hurt, bitter, but this does not concern him as deeply as who Sophia loves, why she is so cold towards him.
And suddenly an unexpected resolution of these issues occurs. Chatsky witnessed an accidentally overheard conversation between Molchalin and the maid Liza. Molchalin confesses his love to the girl, but the maid boldly hints at his wedding with the young lady, Sophia, and shames Molchalin. And then Molchalin “takes off his mask”: he admits to Liza that “there is nothing enviable in Sofya Pavlovna,” that he is in love with her “by position,” “who feeds and waters, and sometimes gives her rank.” Anger and shame torment Chatsky: “Here I am sacrificed to whom!” How he was deceived in Sophia! His happy rival is Molchalin, a low hypocrite and deceiver, a “fool,” a “famous servant,” convinced that “at his age,” in his rank, “he should not dare to have his own judgment,” but must, “pleasing everyone, and take awards and have fun."
And Sophia, on her way to a date with Molchalin, accidentally heard his frank confession to Lisa. She is surprised, offended, humiliated! After all, she loved him so much, idealized this insignificant person! What a pitiful role Sophia played in his life! But the girl finds the strength in herself to renounce her delusions forever, to push away Molchalin, who is crawling at her feet, but she cannot defend and justify herself before Chatsky. Chatsky is dealt another wound: he learns that the absurd gossip about his madness belongs to Sophia. No, he will never be able to forgive her for this, since he also considers her a representative of the Famus society, which is hostile to him. Chatsky decided to leave Moscow forever. Why? Leaving “the tormentors of the crowd, traitors in love, tireless enmity,” he intends to “search the world where there is a corner for the offended feeling.”
And Sophia? After all, reconciliation with her was so possible! But Chatsky, having ranked her among the world of his enemies, is convinced that “there will be another well-behaved sycophant and businessman.” Maybe our hero is right. After all, Sophia, brought up in the spirit of hatred towards everything progressive, new, would not bring happiness to a person who has definite opinion about serfdom, education, service. It was not for nothing that the Decembrists saw Chatsky as their like-minded person.
I admit, I feel sorry for Sophia, because she doesn’t bad girl not immoral, but, unfortunately, she turned out to be a victim of the lies that are characteristic of Famus society, which destroyed her. Chatsky is a representative of that part of the noble youth who are already aware of all the inertia of the surrounding reality, all the insignificance and emptiness of the people who surround him. There are still a few such people, they are not yet able to fight the existing system, but they appear - this is the spirit of the times. That is why Chatsky can rightfully be called a hero of his time. It was these people who came to Senate Square on December 14, 1825. Chatsky is a man of extraordinary intelligence, brave, honest, sincere. In his disputes with Famusov, in his critical judgments, the appearance of a man emerges who sees the vices and contradictions of his society and wants to fight them (with words for now).
Griboedov shows these qualities especially clearly, contrasting Chatsky with the low sycophant and hypocrite Molchalin. This vile man, who has nothing sacred, regularly fulfills his father’s behest “to please all people without exception,” even “to the janitor’s dog, so that it is affectionate.” Molchalin is “a sycophant and a businessman,” as Chatsky characterizes him.
Famusov is a high-ranking official, a conservative to the core, a stupid martinet and obscurantist Skalozub - these are the people Chatsky meets. In these characters, Griboyedov gave an accurate and vivid description of the noble society of that time.
In the musty world of Famus, Chatsky appears like a cleansing thunderstorm. He is in every way the opposite of typical representatives of Famus society. If Molchalin, Famusov, Skalozub see the meaning of life in their well-being (“bureaucratic towns, small towns”), then Chatsky dreams of disinterested service to his homeland, of bringing benefit to the people, whom he respects and considers “smart and cheerful.” At the same time, he despises blind veneration, servility, and careerism. He “would be glad to serve”, but he “sickens being served.” Chatsky sharply criticizes this society, mired in hypocrisy, hypocrisy, and depravity. He says bitterly:
Where, show us, are the fathers of the fatherland,
Which ones should we take as models?
Aren't these the ones who are rich in robbery?
We found protection from fate in friends, in kinship,
Magnificent building chambers,
Where they indulge in feasts and extravagance...
These people are deeply indifferent to the fate of their homeland and people. Their cultural and moral level can be judged by the following remarks by Famusov: “They would take all the books and burn them,” because “learning is the reason” that “there are crazy people, and deeds, and opinions.” Chatsky has a different opinion; he values people who are ready to “put their minds hungry for knowledge into science” or engage in “creative, high and beautiful” art.
Chatsky rebels against the society of the Famusovs, Skalozubovs, and Mollins. But his protest is too weak to shake the foundations of this society. The conflict of the young hero with the environment is tragic, where love, friendship, everything is doomed to persecution. strong feeling, every living thought. They declare him crazy and turn away from him. "Who was I with! Where did fate throw me! Everyone is chasing me! Everyone is cursing me!" “Get out of Moscow! I don’t go here anymore,” Chatsky exclaims sadly.
In the comedy, Chatsky is alone, but there are more and more people like him (remember Skalozub’s cousin, who “followed the rank,” and he suddenly left his service and began reading books in the village, or Princess Tugoukhovskaya’s nephew, “a chemist and a botanist”). It was they who were to carry out the first stage of the revolutionary liberation movement, to shake up the country, to bring closer the moment when the people would free themselves from the chains of slavery, when those principles of fair social relations that Chatsky, Griboyedov himself, and the Decembrists dreamed of would triumph.
The comedy "Woe from Wit" has entered the treasury of our national culture. Even now she has not lost her moral and artistic strength. We, people of the new generation, understand and are close to Griboedov’s angry, irreconcilable attitude towards injustice, meanness, hypocrisy, which are so often encountered in our lives. Grief from crazy (1)Essay >> Literature and Russian language
... « Grief from mind" from crazy” - one of the brightest works...characters of accusatory monologues Chatsky: “Nestor... about their arbitrariness By towards the peasants... characteristic off-stage characters in the comedy by A. S. Griboyedov “ Grief from crazy”.
Female images in the comedy of A. S. Griboyedov Grief from crazy (1)
Essay >> Literature and Russian language... « Grief from mind" from crazy... soubrette, giving well-aimed characteristics characters; and Natalya... in her work not only stage... mother Chatsky, By in whose words, she “with crazy went...
By Literature 11th grade 2006
Cheat sheet >> Literature and Russian language... "Svetlana" with works Russian folklore? (Ticket 14) 4. Image Chatsky and the problem crazy in the comedy A.S. Griboyedov " Grief from mind". (Ticket... the author portrays Vladimir Lensky as the hero. By characteristics Pushkin himself, these two people...
Answers to exam questions By Literature 11th grade 2005
Cheat sheet >> Literature and Russian language... By student's choice). 45. A.P. Chekhov is an exposer of philistinism and vulgarity. (For example, one works ... ; - Chatsky. 4. Chatsky- winner or loser? 5. The meaning of A. S. Griboedov’s comedy “ Grief from mind". 1. Comedy " Grief from mind" was written...
Chatsky is the hero of A.S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824; in the first edition the spelling of the surname is Chadsky). The probable prototypes of the image are PYa.Chaadaev (1796-1856) and V.K-Kuchelbecker (1797-1846). The nature of the hero’s actions, his statements and relationships with other comedy personalities provide extensive material for revealing the theme stated in the title.
Alexander Andreevich Ch. is one of the first romantic heroes of Russian drama, and how romantic hero he, on the one hand, categorically does not accept the inert environment familiar to him from childhood, the ideas that this environment gives rise to and propagates; on the other hand, he deeply and emotionally “lives” the circumstances associated with his love for Sophia. Ch.’s relationship with the environment could have been suggested to Griboyedov by the comedy “The Misanthrope” by Molière and its hero Alceste, but the lyrical element is revealed in the image so “excessively” that this feature allows one to break the usual approaches to literary studies and separate this character from the classicist tradition. The plot development itself proves that Ch. is a romantic hero:
The theme of wanderings opens with his appearance in Famusov’s house, where the “mystery” of Sophia’s love awaits him, which he can only solve at the end of the play, when random circumstances allow him to see and understand the essence of what is happening. Ch.'s activity concerns primarily the sphere of “ideas” and almost does not extend to the specific movement of the plot. Sophia and Molchalin, the antagonists of Ch., are much more active in achieving the results they desire. The charm of Griboedov’s hero is made up of those new personal properties that romance opens up for literature: the hero’s strength of character is determined not by his power over circumstances, but by his inner life, which is characterized by “strangeness.” ”, dissimilarity with generally accepted norm.
With the appearance of Ch., a draft breaks into the closed atmosphere of the Famusovs’ Moscow mansion, which accompanied the hero on a long journey in a postal carriage. Griboedov’s Moscow is surrounded by wide snow-covered expanses: from there Ch. came. The motif of a rapid journey develops already in the first words of Ch., spoken on stage: “I am forty-five hours, without squinting my eyes, // More than seven hundred versts have flown by.” Wind, storm; // And he was all confused...” The image of Ch. symbolizes the vast spaces from which he emerged. Another basis for Moscow life is “day after day, today as yesterday.” Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays and the duties associated with them, consistently marked in Famusov’s calendar, replace each other in the solemn rhythm of the stages assigned to everyone living according to the “Moscow” style.
Ch. differs sharply from the surrounding characters. This can be judged by how he behaves in the most conflict situations. In his reactions to events, Ch. is a little late, as if he does not keep up with the development of external action. This happens because the hero is obsessed with love for Sophia and is generally separated from what is happening next to him. The fatal misunderstanding of the meaning of events that are so closely related to his life, the awkwardness of numerous attempts to contact the “Famus” world through Sophia, her hostile reluctance to understand him give rise to nervous “madness”, “drunkenness of speech” (Goncharov), which is so noticeable in last scenes plays. Griboedov's hero goes through a painful path from ignorance to the tragic recognition of the truth. Ch. suddenly understood Sophia’s philosophy of life down to the subtleties, down to the smallest detail: “You will make peace with him after mature reflection...” In final scene Ch.’s play “chooses himself,” he excludes for himself any possibility of playing roles other than his own. There is no compromise. Hence the decision: “I’m running, I won’t look back, I’ll go looking around the world...”. Griboyedov's hero leaves, taking with him the reputation of a madman, continuing his path, interrupted at the beginning of the plot.
References
Belinsky V.G. “Woe from Wit.” Comedy in 4 acts in verse. Essay by A.S. Griboyedov Collection. Op. M., 1977, T. 2
Goncharov I.A. A million torments // Collection. Op. M., 1955. T. 8
Grigoriev A.A. Regarding the new edition of an old thing. “Woe from mind Grigoriev A.A. Art and morality. 1986
Florinskaya Yu.F. Chatsky and Hamlet // A.S. Griboyedov. Creation. Biography. Traditions. L., 1977
Stepanov L.A. Action, plays and composition “Woe from Wit” // Problems of creativity of A.S. Griboyedov. Smolensk, 1994.