Answer:
The novel “A Hero of Our Time” is primarily a psychological work. It consists of five parts. Each of them is a complete story. All of them are not arranged in chronological order, but in accordance with the author’s intention: to most fully and clearly show readers who Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin is - the hero of our time. To do this, Lermontov draws a psychological portrait of Pechorin.
The novel opens with the story “Bela,” where Pechorin introduces himself to readers from the words of staff captain Maxim Maksimych. What follows is a chapter entitled “Maxim Maksimych.” In it, the author himself introduces us to Pechorin. But the last three chapters are Pechorin’s diary. Here the hero himself reveals his inner world, explains the reasons for his behavior, and exposes all his shortcomings.
The last story is “Fatalist”. In it, Pechorin is in the company of border guard officers and makes a bet with one of them, Vulich. He claims that there is a predestination of fate, that is, every person will die when he is destined to. And before this time nothing will happen to him. To prove his words, he is going to shoot himself in the head. Vulich shoots, but it misfires. The next shot is aimed into the air. However, Pechorin is convinced that he sees the proximity of death on Vulich’s face, and warns the officer about this. And indeed: in the evening, Vulich was hacked to death by a drunken Cossack with a saber, and then locked himself in the house. Having learned about this, Pechorin volunteers to arrest the Cossack alone. And he arrests.
In previous chapters we studied the character of Pechorin, and in “Fatalist” we got an idea of his worldview. At first, he disagrees with Vulich about the existence of predestination, and then he tempts fate by trying to arrest an armed Cossack. Maybe this indicates that Pechorin believed in fate? Or at least began to doubt. Does this mean that the question that Pechorin asked himself about his purpose in life received a positive answer. And is it really created to destroy other people's happiness?
This chapter is the most philosophical in the entire novel. And it allows the reader to understand for himself the character of the hero of our time, to think about his character, about his destiny and put himself in Pechorin’s place. That is why she is the one who ends the novel. The author is not helping us with this. Lermontov stated in the preface that he was not going to judge Pechorin’s actions. “I only indicated the disease, but not the means to cure it.”
Comment. The examinee reveals the topic of the essay, based on the author’s position. He also quite clearly formulates his point of view, but at the end of the work the idea is unmotivated that the author is “not an assistant” to the reader in understanding Pechorin’s character. In addition, a number of theses are not fully disclosed in the work (for example, it is not explained what position Pechorin defends when making a bet with Vulich).
There are factual errors in the essay: it is incorrect to assert that Pechorin was in the circle of border guard officers, it is erroneous to assert that the novel is “primarily a psychological work” and that only the story “Fatalist” gives an idea of Pechorin’s worldview. The examinee clearly simplifies the essence of the concept of “predestination”: “predestination of fate, that is, every person will die when he is destined.” (For the first criterion 1 point.)
Answering the proposed question, the examinee showed a good level of proficiency in theoretical and literary terms necessary for the analysis of literary material. He appropriately uses terms such as “novel”, “story”, “chapter”, “hero”, “psychological portrait”. At the same time, the concept of “author” is used inaccurately in the essay: what is meant is the statement that in the chapter “Maksim Maksimych” Pechorin is introduced to the reader by “the author himself” (in reality, this is done by the narrator). (According to the second criterion, 2 points.)
In general, the work is characterized by semantic integrity and compositional harmony. Its parts are logically interconnected, but the thoughts expressed do not always find confirmation and justification, which leads to individual logical violations within the parts of the essay. Thus, the content of the first and final paragraphs is not fully exhausted: when talking about Vulich’s bet, the examinee does not explain why the second shot was fired into the air. (For the fourth criterion, 2 points.)
The work contains some speech errors and shortcomings: “where Pechorin is introduced from the words of the staff captain”, “predetermination of fate”, “the chapter is the most philosophical”, “the story is located last”. Noteworthy is the inappropriateness of the conjunction “a” in the third sentence, unjustified repetitions of words (for example, “himself” in the second paragraph), inaccuracy of word choice (in the phrase “reveals its shortcomings,” it would be better to use a word with a stronger meaning “vices” ). At the same time, most of the violations indicated are in the nature of shortcomings, and not gross errors, which allows us to give 1 point for the fifth criterion.
Essay score: 8 points (based on five criteria: 1;2;2;2;1).
Speaking about the work of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov, one cannot ignore his famous philosophical novel “A Hero of Our Time”. In his work, the writer tried to explore the psychological image of Grigory Pechorin, but he could not get by with Pechorin alone, since the main character captures many destinies, after whose touch they all either die or lose their meaning, interest and love for life.
Lermontov depicts the life stages of the main character in his novel, starting with a chapter called “Bella”, ending with an absolutely philosophical and thoughtful chapter, which contains in its title the main meaning of the entire content. “Fatalist” is the last section of Pechorin’s diary. According to one critic, the absence of the last chapter of the novel would make the image of Pechorin incomplete. Why, without this chapter, would the internal portrait of the main character be incomplete?
Reading the novel by Mikhail Lermontov, we observe the life cycle of Grigory Pechorin. During his life, Pechorin left only suffering in the memory of people, however, he himself was a terribly unhappy person. The contradictions and loneliness that were born in his soul consumed him, not giving life to sincere emotions and feelings. This is how, chapter by chapter, we got to know the main character, revealing new portions of human vices in his soul. But the main point of the entire novel is the chapter “Fatalist”. It shows Pechorin's attitude to fate; it is in it that the phenomenon of predestination is called into question. Thus, the author does not relieve the hero of responsibility for all the actions he has committed. The writer, varying life situations, only guides Pechorin through them, exploring new facets of his soul. It is this chapter that affirms the truth of Pechorin’s statements and the author’s thoughts in that the significance of human activity in one’s own destiny is very, very important. So, going against the fate of events and fate, Pechorin enters the hut where the Cossack killer is raging, whom he rather quickly and skillfully disarmed. At this moment, the best qualities of the hero’s nature emerged.
The final chapter of the novel “A Hero of Our Time,” “Fatalist,” brings the main idea of the novel to its logical conclusion and full disclosure of the main character. The collective image, which contains both good qualities and completely unforgivable ones, asserts its position in the last part of the work. The writer leaves the question of fatalism open, ending Pechorin’s life on the way to Persia. It is in this chapter that the image of Grigory Pechorin is exhausted to the very end, completely absorbed in philosophical reflections on fate, the meaning of life and the fact that a person’s struggle for his own life is possible and necessary.
Of course, the final chapter of the novel is the most important section of Pechorin’s diary. Only in it do we reveal the last recesses of the soul of the main character, finding in him reflections on predestination, which certainly find their refuge in the soul of the writer himself.
Novel “Hero of Our Time” by M.Yu. Lermontov is a work of social and psychological orientation, consisting of five chapters. They are separate stories and are arranged not according to the plot, but according to the plot. This technique allows the author to most fully depict the psychological portrait of the main character, Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin, and the reader to imagine his character as objectively as possible.
Readers get an idea about Pechorin from various sources. In the first chapter of “Bela,” Pechorin is shown through the eyes of retired captain Maxim Maksimovich, his colleague. Next, the author-narrator describes Pechorin’s appearance and gives its social and psychological interpretation in the story “Maksim Maksimych”. In Pechorin's diary, which includes "Taman", "Princess Mary" and "Fatalist", the hero conducts internal introspection. But some features of his extraordinary personality can only be learned from other characters. Landscape images also play a significant role.
In my opinion, there are several reasons why the “Fatalist” chapter is the final one in the work.
Firstly, this is due to a kind of “composition ring”. The action of the novel ends in the same fortress in the Caucasus where the action of the story “Bela” takes place.
Secondly, throughout the novel Pechorin searches for the essence of existence and reflects on the purpose for which he exists in this world. In “Fatalist,” Officer Vulich claims that everything in life is subject to the law of predestination, and on the same day this is confirmed by his death. It does not come from a deliberate attempt to shoot himself, but from the hand of a drunken Cossack who accidentally met him on his way home. Under the influence of this event, Pechorin comes to the conclusion that perhaps there is a predestination, but contrary to the divine will, man himself determines whether to follow this law or not. According to Pechorin, “his whole life was a chain of continuous contradictions to the mind and heart,” therefore, in this situation, he independently assigns himself a sad fate - to destroy the destinies and happiness of other people.
Thus, Lermontov “like a doctor makes a diagnosis of a diseased eyelid,” but “does not indicate a way to cure this disease.” He makes readers think about the deep philosophical meaning of the chapter and leaves them in that state...
"Hero of Our Time" by M. Yu. Lermontov is the first Russian realistic psychological novel in prose. It consists of five parts, which represent a complete story and are arranged not in chronological order, but in accordance with the author's intention. The novel is conceived as a psychological study of a certain type of human character, so each part of it helps in its own way to reveal the inner world of the main character - Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin.
The last three chapters of the work, "Taman", "Princess Mary" and "Fatalist", represent Pechorin's diary. Here the hero, unlike the rest of the novel, is a narrator; he talks about himself, revealing the reasons for his bad actions. Having learned the character of Pechorin in the previous parts, we get acquainted with his worldview in the last, which helps to fully form the psychological portrait of the character.
The last story in the novel is the story "Fatalist".
It is the most philosophical chapter of the entire work. The action takes place in a Cossack village. The heroes argue with interest on the topic of fate and predestination. One of the officers, Lieutenant Vulich, decided to try his luck and find out whether a person can control his own life. He tries to shoot himself in the temple, but the gun misfires. After this, Vulich shoots at the cap hanging above the window, and the shot is successful. Pechorin is confused, because he does not believe in predestination, but notices “a strange imprint of inevitable fate” on Vulich’s face. As a result, the lieutenant is killed on the same day by a drunken Cossack.
In the chapter "Fatalist" the author discusses the existence of predestination. He leaves the question of the existence of fate open and does not give an exact answer to it. In this story, Pechorin comes to the conclusion that perhaps there is predestination, but a person can choose for himself whether to follow this law or not. The author makes the chapter “Fatalist” the final one in order to give the reader food for thought, to make him think for a long time about the philosophical meaning of this story.
In the last part of the novel, Pechorin for the first time plays not with someone else's fate, but with his own. The hero decides to help others, so he rushes alone to capture the Cossack who killed Vulich and locked himself in an empty hut on the outskirts of the village. As the events in the novel are presented, the bad deeds of the main character accumulate, but with each chapter his guilt is felt less and less and his virtues become more and more apparent. in "Bela" not only Bela, but also her entire family dies from Pechorin's whim, and in "Fatalist" the hero accomplishes a feat by capturing a Cossack killer. The author wants Pechorin to be remembered by the reader precisely for his heroic deed, which elevates him in our eyes.
The author gradually draws a portrait of a typical person, a “hero of the time,” revealing all his advantages and disadvantages. Events rearranged in time gradually bring the hero closer to the reader, reveal his mystery, and in the end Pechorin himself opens up in his diary. In the chapter "Fatalist" the image of the character is fully outlined. The author gives the reader the opportunity to understand Pechorin’s character for himself and understand the inevitability of the appearance of people of this type.
We see that it is no coincidence that the chapter “Fatalist” is the final one. It reveals the meaning of the work, it leaves the most important questions open for reflection, inviting us to think about the purpose of many things in our lives.
Updated: 2018-06-09
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Why exactly does the story “Fatalist” complete the novel “A Hero of Our Time” by M.Yu. Lermontov?
Novel “Hero of Our Time” by M.Yu. Lermontov is a work of social and psychological orientation, consisting of five chapters. They are separate stories and are arranged not according to the plot, but according to the plot. This technique allows the author to most fully depict the psychological portrait of the main character, Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin, and the reader to imagine his character as objectively as possible.
Readers get an idea about Pechorin from various sources. In the first chapter of “Bela,” Pechorin is shown through the eyes of retired captain Maxim Maksimovich, his colleague. Next, the author-narrator describes Pechorin’s appearance and gives its social and psychological interpretation in the story “Maksim Maksimych”. In Pechorin's diary, which includes "Taman", "Princess Mary" and "Fatalist", the hero conducts internal introspection. But some features of his extraordinary personality can only be learned from other characters. Landscape images also play a significant role.
In my opinion, there are several reasons why the “Fatalist” chapter is the final one in the work.
Firstly, this is due to a kind of “composition ring”. The action of the novel ends in the same fortress in the Caucasus where the action of the story “Bela” takes place.
Secondly, throughout the novel Pechorin searches for the essence of existence and reflects on the purpose for which he exists in this world. In “Fatalist,” Officer Vulich claims that everything in life is subject to the law of predestination, and on the same day this is confirmed by his death. It does not come from a deliberate attempt to shoot himself, but from the hand of a drunken Cossack who accidentally met him on his way home. Under the influence of this event, Pechorin comes to the conclusion that perhaps there is a predestination, but contrary to the divine will, man himself determines whether to follow this law or not. According to Pechorin, “his whole life was a chain of continuous contradictions to the mind and heart,” therefore, in this situation, he independently assigns himself a sad fate - to destroy the destinies and happiness of other people.
Thus, Lermontov “like a doctor makes a diagnosis of a diseased eyelid,” but “does not indicate a way to cure this disease.” He makes readers think about the deep philosophical meaning of the chapter and leaves them in that state...
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