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Order Passeriformes- Passeriformes, Family Wagtail- Motacillidae, - Anthus
Forest pipit, or forest gizzard (obsolete) - Anthus trivialis
Appearance.
The dorsal side is clay-grayish with dark streaks on the head and back, the belly is light, there are white stripes on the sides of the tail, an ocher tint and clear black streaks on the chest and sides of the neck. The legs are light pink, the claw of the hind toe is elongated and curved.
It sings while sitting on the top of a tree or bush, then takes off, describes a circle and sits down again (the so-called current flight). The song is a loud “sip-sip-sip--sia-sia-sia”, less often a slow “chi-chi-chi”, a cry - a short “cit”.
Habitats.
Lives in sparse forests, clearings and forest edges.
Nutrition. It feeds mainly on insects and spiders.
Nesting sites.
The forest pipit is an inhabitant of forest edges and small forests. Favorite nesting places are small deciduous, coniferous or mixed forests with grassy meadows and clearings, overgrown clearings and burnt areas, especially with solitary trees. He also lives on the light edges of large forests. It never ventures into the depths of a continuous forest and also avoids damp places. The attraction to light forests, edges, clearings and clearings is due to the fact that it collects food on the ground, in more or less open places.
Nest location.
The nest is always placed in a shallow hole on the ground under the cover of a hummock, a bush, a small Christmas tree, etc. As a rule, it is located among a tree stand, but no further than 30-50 m from the edge of a clearing or clearing, sometimes even in a meadow or clearing (up to 30 m from the forest border).
Construction material nests
The nest is quite neatly made from dry stems of herbaceous plants, larger ones in the outer walls, smaller ones in the inner ones. The large stems in the outer walls are intact, unbroken, their ends do not stick out at the edges of the nest, but are more or less bent and woven into the walls of the nest. There is no bedding in the nest, only occasionally horsehair can be found.
Shape and dimensions of the nest.
The nest is cup-shaped. Socket diameter 90-120 mm, nest height 60-70 mm, tray diameter 50-70 mm, tray depth 30-60 mm.
Features of masonry.
A clutch of 4-6 light gray eggs, often with a purple or greenish tint, covered with dark specks. Egg sizes: (19-23) x (15-17).
Nesting dates.
Arrives in April. In the first half of May, nests with full clutches are found. The duration of incubation is 9-11 days, the chicks stay in the nest for 9-10 days. In the first half of June, chicks are observed flying out of their nests. In June - July, forest pipits hatch their chicks a second time. In the second clutch the number of eggs is less than in the first. Departure takes place in September.
Spreading.
Distributed almost everywhere south of the tundra east to the upper Kolyma and Lake Baikal, in the highlands of Southern Siberia. In Central Europe from April to September.
Wintering. Some birds winter in the Mediterranean, some in Africa and India.
Description of Buturlin.
Of all the gizzards, this is the species most associated with woody vegetation. Characteristic places of summer habitat forest pipit - small deciduous or coniferous forests with grassy glades, clearings or cuts, among which individual young trees grow. It also lives along the light edges of large forests, but never climbs into the depths of a continuous forest, and also avoids damp places.
This inhabitant of the edges and small forests widely common throughout the entire strip of island forests of Europe and Asia. In the European part of Russia, it nests as far north as the White Sea (65° north latitude), and to the south it reaches the Crimea and the Caucasus. Beyond the Urals lives throughout Western Siberia(up to 60° north latitude), in the Kyrgyz steppes, in Altai and Tarbagatai (where it rises quite high into the mountains). To the northeast it occurs up to the headwaters of the Lena River and Yakutsk. Wintering grounds are in Africa (for European individuals) and in India (for Asian individuals).
It is remarkable that throughout this vast nesting territory, forest pipits vary very little. Only in the Pamirs and Tien Shan is one subspecies with a shorter beak identified. This feature is apparently related to the character coloring skate. It has absolutely no bright areas or spots in its plumage. From a distance the bird appears brownish-brown, lighter (buffy) below and with clear dark longitudinal lines on the chest. The male and female are colored the same. In general, the coloration of the tree pipit is very similar to the lark, for example with the coloration spinning tops. But in appearance and body proportions, these two birds differ very clearly. Their overall dimensions (length) are almost the same: the skate is about 17 centimeters, the skate seems smaller, since it is built slimmer than a spinning top and its tail is noticeably longer relative to the body. The shape of the skate is thin, the profile is sharp-nosed and flat-faced, and the spinning top looks stocky, broad-tailed, with a rounded head (sometimes even with a raised crest). You need to know these differences, since the forest pipit and the spinning top very often turn out to be neighbors in nature and display similar habits. For example, both love to sit on the tops of young fir trees or other small trees and rise up singing.
Spring singing the forest pipit is so characteristic that we will begin our description of the biology of this bird with it. In the central zone of the European part of Russia, forest pipits appear on nesting sites in the second half of April and immediately attract attention with their current flight. This flight is closely connected with the song, since during takeoff and descent its stanzas are very different. Starting to sing, the male takes off from the top of the tree and, quickly repeating crackling syllables (like “tir-tir-tir-tir-tir...”), rises along an oblique line about 5 meters up. Having reached this height, he breaks off the trill, trembles for a moment in one place and with long clear whistles (“siya-siya-siya...”), spreading his wings, spreading his tail and throwing his legs back, as if gliding down to another peak nearby or to the same one. By the time he sits down, the whistles gradually fade away, and, folding his wings, the singer falls silent. In the spring, at the height of mating, the song sometimes seems to double, and, having just finished whistling, the pipit again switches to a frequent crackling trill and sings it while sitting. But often it immediately rises into the air again, and then the current flight is repeated. Later, in the summer, the pipits sing while sitting on a tree and then begin the song either with whistles or with a frequent trill. This division of the song into two parts, corresponding to the ascent and descent of the singer, makes it possible to recognize the forest pipit among the polyphonic forest choir and distinguishes it well from the spinning top. Yula, taking off, sings her various stanzas, modulates them and flies in the air for an indefinitely long time.
Already from the spring arrival food Pipits' population consists exclusively of insects and spiders, which they search for in moss and among grass. Pipits eat small bugs and fillies, small caterpillars, as well as mosquitoes and midges and sometimes quickly run after them, but do not pursue high-flying insects. Such insect hunting is always done alone. Even the male and female, while feeding, scatter in different directions, and after catching the insect, the male flies to the female and feeds her his prey. And the autumn flocks, which often have to be flushed out along forest edges and clearings, always feed scatteredly, gathering together only during the flight. In the fall, they also pick up small grass seeds, but only as a supplement when there is a lack of animal food.
Soon after the spring arrival, the resulting pairs take a liking to a certain area and begin nesting. Pairs do not nest close to each other, but loud singing can be heard far away, and in suitable places one singer always seems to compete with another, staying at a distance. The nest is always made on the ground, under the cover of a bush, small fir tree, juniper or a simple tuft of grass.
The incubating female flies from the nest only at the very last moment, even frightening the excursionist with her unexpected appearance. For the most part, she immediately flies far from the nest. Sometimes she leaves the nest completely unnoticed and quietly runs away to the side. But if the nest already has chicks, then both parents, squeaking protractedly, hover around and worry.
Eggs The forest pipit is surprisingly variable in color. This depends not only on the main tone (sometimes greenish, sometimes light gray), but mainly on the number and shades of small specks and specks. They either almost completely cover the egg, making its color dark brown or brown, or concentrate into a clear corolla around the blunt end, or quite rarely, but evenly mottle the shell. There are indications that even in the same female, the first and second clutches in the summer have different patterns of eggs. Their length is about 20 millimeters, and there are no more than 6 pieces in a clutch. Incubation lasts the usual time for small birds, that is, twelve to thirteen days. Parents feed the brood for ten to fifteen days, and then, in favorable years, begin the second clutch. Broods gather in flocks, wandering throughout the autumn along forest clearings and edges. After the end of singing, the skates become very little noticeable, and it is difficult to trace their autumn departure.
Almost all of Siberia and east to the ocean (in Yakutia, the Ussuri region on Sakhalin, Manchuria, Transbaikalia, as well as in China and Mongolia) lives very close to the described Siberian, or spotted, forest pipit. It is distinguished by a greenish tint to its back (with dark spots) and biologically replaces the common one. It nests in pine and spruce woodlands with undergrowth. The current flight is, in general, similar to that described above, but the tones of the song are somewhat different (according to the observations of E.V. Kozlova, they are similar to the trills of a wren). In autumn it lives in flocks.
The atlas-identifier is intended for operational and simple definition scientific names of birds by schoolchildren and young naturalists. The diagnostic signs for identification are compiled in such a way as not to catch or scare away birds, and to treat the world of birds with care. Color portraits of 470 species of birds will help not only determine their names, but also the development attentive attitude to these animals, admiring their colors and habits.
Preface
More than 700 species of birds live in our country. They are found in any corner of nature and always attract attention either with loud melodic singing, or with the bright color of their plumage, or with interesting behavior. Almost all birds are beneficial to humans. Many of them destroy pests agriculture- insects or rodents, others give us meat, fluff, feathers, eggs. Without birds, it would be inhospitable and quiet in forests, parks, and gardens. Our feathered friends enliven nature and make up its wealth. We must treat birds very carefully and love them.
Nowadays, the importance of bird protection increases every year. The rapid development of technology, huge construction and agricultural work, deforestation, land reclamation, tourism, etc. one way or another affect the life of birds. Many of them cannot withstand changing conditions, and their numbers in nature are declining. Currently, 80 species and subspecies of birds are included in the Red Book of the USSR and require special protection measures. And in order to increase the number and protect birds, you need to be able to distinguish them from each other, to know them correct names, habitats, habits. This book, its definitive text and color tables with images of birds will help with this.
Before the name of each of the protected bird species in the book there is a sign
The main purpose of the identification atlas is to help schoolchildren and young naturalists learn the names of those birds that they can see in nature (without catching or scaring them away). Of course, we don’t talk about all the birds of the USSR here, but you can identify (find out) the most common ones in our country, the most common ones. In addition, the identification atlas contains drawings and descriptions of adult birds. It must be taken into account that very brief morphological and biological characteristics of the orders and families under consideration provide only a general idea of these groups of birds, which is necessary for the reader to understand the differences between them. Learning to identify birds in nature, to distinguish them from a distance by their habits, voice or appearance, is not an easy task. Here you need patience, observation, desire and experience - only then the amazing, beautiful and unique world of birds will open before you.
2. Very large birds with white plumage. They are found in river deltas and lakes in the south of the country. The beak is long with a leathery sac under the lower jaw.
3. Large and medium-sized birds with dark plumage. They are found exclusively near water: along the shores of seas, large lakes and in river deltas. They dive very well.
4. Birds of medium and relatively large size. The plumage color is white, gray or red. The legs are high, the neck is long, the beak is long and sharp. Birds stay near the banks of rivers, lakes, and in shallow waters.
5. Water birds that look a little like herons. The color is white or dark. They are found exclusively in the south of the country.
6. Large red-footed birds. The beak is sharp and red. The plumage is white and black or almost black.
7. Large semi-aquatic birds with very long red legs and a long neck. The plumage is predominantly white. Found only in the south of the country.
8. Large birds. The legs and neck are long. The plumage is predominantly gray. Inhabitants of open spaces, swamps, fields, steppes.
9. Large and medium-sized birds. The color of the plumage is dominated by reddish-gray and white colors. Inhabitants of steppes, semi-deserts, and fields.
II. Waterfowl of medium and relatively small size. They are very secretive. They swim and dive well. The color of the plumage is dominated by dark or gray tones, sometimes the buffiness is clearly visible.
III. Waterfowl are large, medium and relatively small. The neck is long, the legs are short. The characteristic appearance of a duck or goose. The color of the plumage is very diverse: from pure white to blue-black. Many species are very brightly colored.
IV. Large and medium-sized birds with the characteristic appearance of a predator. The plumage is mostly dark, red or grayish. Large predators often soar high in the air. Smaller ones fly in flapping flight. Found everywhere.
V. Birds are very different in size. They have a characteristic chicken appearance. The plumage is mostly dark, grayish or piebald. Found in forests, mountains, and fields. The flight is noisy.
VII. Birds of medium size. The plumage is gray. Twilight lifestyle. They are found in dry steppes, along river banks in sands and dunes, and in clay deserts.
VIII. Birds are very different in size: from relatively large individuals (about the size of a crow) to very small ones. They are found mainly on the coasts of various bodies of water, in floodplains, swamps, fields and steppes. The plumage is gray, whitish-gray, dark or mottled.
1. Small birds with a relatively long neck and long legs. Almost all representatives fly quickly and well. The beak can be short, long, sharp, straight, or curved up or down. Inhabitants of open landscapes: sea coasts, rivers, lakes, moss and grassy swamps, steppes and even deserts. Some representatives live in forests.
2. Birds with a short beak. The tail can be deep cut - forked, like a swallow, or short and cut straight. Birds fly and run well. Inhabitants of open spaces: steppes, meadows, river valleys and deserts. They prefer to stay close to bodies of water. 
3. Inhabitants of the northern sea coasts and tundras. The plumage is dark. The tail is wedge-shaped with an elongated central pair of tail feathers. Birds fly, swim and walk well.
4. Inhabitants of the shores of seas, rivers, lakes, low-lying swamps. Sizes range from small to quite large. Birds fly, swim and walk well. The plumage is most often white, sometimes black and white. 
5. Birds are inhabitants of the coasts of seas, rivers and overgrown lakes. The sizes are average. The beak is straight and sharp. The tail is deeply notched, forked, the wings are long and sharp. When hunting, they often hover in the air using a fluttering flight. They fly only by active flight. The plumage is white or dark. 
6. Birds are inhabitants of the northern sea coasts and islands. Sizes small and medium. The physique is dense. The neck is short, the beak is sharp. They swim and dive well. They fly very fast, low over the water. The plumage is dark or dark white.
IX. Birds with a dense massive body. The legs and neck are short, the wings are long and sharp. The beak is quite short, the nostrils are covered on top with leathery caps.
1. Birds with the characteristic appearance of a dove. The color of the plumage is bluish-brown or pinkish. Inhabitants of forests, mountains, suburban and urban parks, cities, towns and villages. 
2. Birds resemble pigeons in appearance. The tail is wedge-shaped or elongated to a point. Inhabitants of dry steppes and waterless deserts.
X. Forest birds that resemble a predator in appearance. The wings and tail are long. The flight is fast and maneuverable. The plumage is light gray, sometimes with an ocher tinge.
XI. Birds with the characteristic appearance of an owl. All birds are predominantly nocturnal. Body size varies. The plumage is usually brownish-gray or reddish. The eyes are large and directed forward. Inhabitants of tundras, forests, urban and suburban parks, villages.
XIII. Small birds that fly in the air all day long. The wings are very long and sharp. The plumage is dark. Inhabitants of mountains, forests and human settlements.
XIV. Birds of small and medium size, as a rule, are bright and variegated in color.
1. Small and medium-sized birds. The neck is short, the beak is long and straight. The flight is fast and straight. Inhabitants of the shores of reservoirs.
2. Small birds with bright plumage of bluish-green tones. The flight is very easy and maneuverable. Often found along roads. 
3. Small birds with a long awl-shaped beak and a motley crest on the head. The plumage is motley. The flight is slow, the bird often describes gentle circles in the air. Inhabitants of the southern half of the country. 
XV. Birds of small and medium size, with the characteristic appearance of a woodpecker. The lifestyle is exclusively arboreal. Inhabitants of forests, suburban and city parks.
XVI. Birds are predominantly small and medium in size. They are very different in appearance, lifestyle and living conditions. Found in all landscapes.
1. Small birds, inhabitants of open spaces and forest glades. The plumage is usually reddish, brown, sometimes dark. Many species often sing in the air while in flight. 
2. Small birds that constantly fly in the air. The plumage is predominantly whitish. Inhabitants of steep cliffs, cliffs, and urban settlements.
3. Birds with long tail, often run fast. The color is gray, whitish or yellowish. Inhabitants of open spaces, forests, mountains. 
4. Small birds with a “predatory” type beak and a long tail. They often sit on dry branches and on wires along roads. Inhabitants of open spaces with areas of bushes and forest edges.
5. Small in size, strongly built birds, found mostly late autumn, winter and early spring. The general tone of the plumage is pinkish-gray. They live on trees or shrubs in a wide variety of habitats. 
6. Small, densely built birds. The color of the plumage is dominated by dark and white colors. Found along the banks of fast rivers and streams. They can dive and run underwater while collecting food. 
7. Very small, densely built birds. The tail is short, often characteristically curled upward. The general tone of the plumage is rusty-brown. Inhabitants of undergrowth, forest windbreaks, and dense bushes. 
8. Small birds with brownish-buff plumage. They live in forest-tundra, forests, mountains, staying mainly on the ground, rocks, and less often on bushes. 
9. Birds are small and medium-sized, alive and active. The appearance is slender, the legs are quite long. Many birds sing well. The color of the plumage can be very different. In many species, dark or light brown tone, some have bright (red, blue) tones. Inhabitants of forests, open landscapes, coastal thickets. 
10. Small birds, mostly dimly colored, gray, brownish or yellowish-green. The body is slender, slightly elongated. Secretive lifestyle. Inhabitants of forest edges, gardens, parks, bush thickets, along the coasts of rivers, lakes, and seas. Some species live in grassy meadows.
13. Small birds with a long stepped tail. The coloration is dominated by white, black and red tones. Inhabitants of deciduous forests, floodplains, and parks. 
14. Small birds with a rather massive beak. The tail is short and notched. The color of the plumage is dominated by reddish-white tones. Inhabitants of the banks of reservoirs with extensive thickets of reeds, reeds and shrubs. 
15. Small arboreal birds. The beak is short, strong, cone-shaped. The color of the plumage contains mainly black, gray and white tones, less often yellow or red. Inhabitants of forests, gardens, parks. 
16. Small arboreal birds with a rather long straight beak and a short tail. The plumage is bluish-brown. Inhabitants of forests, gardens, parks. They stay on trees, usually moving slightly obliquely or in a spiral, not only up, but also down, with their heads towards the ground.
17. Small forest birds. The beak is long and sharp, curved like a saber. The plumage is predominantly gray. Birds climb trees very well and, unlike the nuthatch, always from the bottom up (in a spiral). Inhabitants of forests and parks.
18. Small, relatively thick-billed, slender birds. The color of the plumage can be gray, lemon yellow, brownish brown, white. They inhabit open landscapes: tundra, reed thickets (near the coast), swamps, forest edges, vegetable gardens. 
19. Small birds with a rather thick conical beak. The color of the plumage can be very different: from almost monochromatic brown or grayish to variegated and bright. Almost all species are inhabitants of trees or shrubs. 
20. Small birds of dense build. The beak is conical and strong. The plumage is brownish-yellow. They inhabit open landscapes: mountains, deserts; some have adapted to life in human settlements. They move on the ground by jumping. 
21. Birds of medium size. The beak is relatively long, straight, sharp. The color of the plumage is dark, almost black, with a noticeable metallic blue or green tint. These birds; They inhabit mainly open spaces, gardens, parks, and human settlements.
22. Tree birds are bright yellow or greenish in color. Inhabitants of crowns in light deciduous or mixed forests, gardens and parks. 
23. Large birds of strong build. The beak is strong and large. The color of the plumage includes black, as well as white and gray colors. They inhabit forests, mountains, deserts. Some species get along well with humans. 
So, you are familiar with the structure of the field guide, you have binoculars and you know how to use them, you can find a bird through binoculars without spending five minutes on it. Now all that remains is to learn how to compare the picture from the guide and what you see in binoculars. To complete the tutorial, let's look at a few useful techniques bird definitions.
First rule: don't make life difficult for yourself. There are two general rules things to remember for beginners:
1) before deciding which bird is in front of you, reduce the number possible options to a minimum;
2) most likely, this is some kind of bird that is common in our area, and not a rare species that somehow miraculously flew to us from Siberia.
These rules are interconnected and are aimed at making bird watching easier, reducing the options from which you have to choose. For example, in Belarus there are 3 species of swans: the mute swan, the whooper swan and the little swan. However, if you see a swan on a pond in a city park, then with a 99% probability it is a mute swan. The remaining two species are very rare among us.
One of the most effective ways exclude unnecessary species - view the key and mark the birds that are found in your area. Thus, in Belarus, over several years of observations, you can actually see about 250 species of birds. However, if you take into account only those of them that are found in your specific region, then this figure can be significantly reduced. Another way to eliminate incorrect options is to take into account the time of year in which the bird occurs in our country. For example, you won’t surprise anyone with a waxwing in winter, but seeing a waxwing in summer is a real bad luck.
What to pay attention to.
The behavior of some birds suggests that they are simply mocking and deliberately hiding their colorful plumage so that you cannot identify them. However, this behavior saves birds from predators. Often the rapid movement of birds allows you to see only a glimpse of a shadow. But still, even the most secretive bird can be identified using key signs.
There are 5 main signs that will help you figure out what exactly you are seeing:
- Bird silhouette
- Coloring and plumage
- Behavior
- Habitat
- Voice
It seems impossible to collect this amount of information, but in practice you will need one or two of these signs to identify a specific bird. Most often, to identify a bird you just need to know what to look for. With experience, identifying the most significant signs becomes easier.
Silhouette: shape and size.
Once you familiarize yourself with your identification guide, you can easily separate birds into groups based on silhouette alone. This puts you head and shoulders above the average observer, because... the number of possible options drops from 200 to 15 or so. As mentioned earlier, taking into account the time of year, this figure can be reduced. Moreover, this can be done even with the most poor lighting. Many birds can even be identified to species by their silhouette alone.
Of course, this is not easy to do at first. You need to learn to notice the smallest details silhouette: the bird’s legs are long or short, the edges of the wings are rounded or pointed, the tail is long or short, etc. The shape of the beak is also a very useful sign. Despite the apparent obviousness, many of these signs are often missed.
Size is also an important difference, so the guides list it next to the picture of the bird. However, unless you have some kind of comparison in mind, these numbers are of very little use. It is most convenient to compare with three well-known birds. The body length of a house sparrow is 16-18 cm, a jackdaw is 31-35 cm, a crow is 44-49 cm. Now, using characteristics such as “the size of a crow” or “slightly smaller than a sparrow,” you can very quickly determine the approximate size of the bird. If the bird is surrounded by other species known to you, then the size can be determined relative to them.
Coloring.
This is what drives many people to birdwatch - they love seeing the beautiful colors of the birds. The brightest distinctive features are called field signs. These are such features as the color of the chest, the mirror (a stripe along the rear edge of the wing), the eye (a colored stripe around the eye), the eyebrow and many others.
Of course, it is much more convenient to look at a calmly sitting bird, but some signs are visible only during flight. For example, a male meadow harrier can be easily distinguished from a male field harrier by the double black stripe running along the open wing.
Behavior.
The behavior of a bird is also a very important clue to its identification. Everything matters: how the bird moves on the ground, flies or just sits. Hawks most often fly in splendid isolation; jackdaws, on the contrary, are very sociable birds. Pikas climb up a tree trunk like an electrician climbing a pole. On the other hand, flycatchers will not crawl along a trunk, even if their life depended on it. They spend most of time, sitting on a perched branch. When they see an insect, they quickly break away, grab it and return to their branch, or to the next one.
Even the way a bird holds its tail helps identify it. The wren holds its tail up and often turns from side to side. The wagtail often twitches its tail. Blackbirds and flycatchers also often move their tails, but slowly and in wave-like movements.
Many birds can be identified by their flight. Thus, a wave-like flight path is characteristic of woodpeckers and some passerines. After a few short flaps, they fold their wings for a short rest. Some predators - buzzards - soar in the air on widely spread wings, most falcons fly using constant short and strong wing beats and rarely hover. Other predators, hawks, fly in a straight line, alternating between flapping their wings and soaring.
Habitat.
Even if a bird lives in your area, it is not a fact that you will find it wherever you go. Birds are distributed among suitable biotopes and are sometimes very picky about their habitat. Naturally, you will not look for ducks in the middle of the forest.
A beginning bedwatcher must spend many hours in the field before he learns to associate certain species with certain habitats. Meeting a bird in an uncharacteristic biotope is also a kind of luck.
The voices of birds are so specific that blind people could easily engage in birdlistening - identifying birds by their voices. Often birds that are outwardly indistinguishable (especially passerines) are easily distinguished by their voices. Just as you can confidently say that Uncle Vanya is talking to you on the phone and not Aunt Sarah by voice alone, an experienced ornithologist is able to identify birds.
Prepared by Denis Tabunov
Cover of the book "Birds of Russia. Key".
Sample spreads of the book "Birds of Russia. Key":
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Our copyright teaching materials on ornithology and birds of Russia: Computer (for PC-Windows) identifier containing descriptions and images of 206 bird species (bird drawings, silhouettes, nests, eggs and calls), as well as a computer program for identifying birds found in nature. |
List of species birds included in the guide
(total 278 species, in alphabetical order):
| 1. White stork |
| 2. Far Eastern stork |
| 3. Black stork |
| 4. Great cormorant |
| 5. Snipe |
| 6. Asian snipe |
| 7. Japanese snipe |
| 8. Beregovka pale |
| 9. Beregovushka, shore swallow |
| 10. Woodcock |
| 11. Bluethroat |
| 12. Great godwit |
| 13. House sparrow |
| 14. Stone sparrow |
| 15. Field sparrow |
| 16. Raven |
| 17. Gray Crow |
| 18. Black crow |
| 19. Eastern funnel |
| 20. Wood Pigeon |
| 21. Black-throated loon |
| 22. Brown-headed tit, plump |
| 23. Grey-headed chickadee |
| 24. Black-headed chickadee |
| 25. Jackdaw |
| 26. Tie |
| 27. Garnish |
| 28. Capercaillie |
| 29. Wood grouse |
| 30. Gogol |
| 31. Gray dove |
| 32. Rocky pigeon |
| 33. Large turtledove |
| 34. Ringed dove |
| 35. Common turtledove |
| 36. Rook |
| 37. Gooseberry |
| 38. White-fronted goose |
| 39. Gray goose |
| 40. Merlin |
| 41. Deryaba |
| 42. White-throated Thrush |
| 43. Pale thrush |
| 44. Brown thrush |
| 45. Golden thrush |
| 46. Red-throated Thrush |
| 47. Thrush naumanna |
| 48. Olive thrush |
| 49. Song thrush |
| 50. Gray thrush |
| 51. Black-throated Thrush |
| 52. Blackbird |
| 53. White-browed Thrush |
| 54. Fieldfare |
| 55. Grosbeak |
| 56. Dubrovnik |
| 57. Great snipe |
| 58. Mountain snipe |
| 59. Wood snipe |
| 60. White-backed woodpecker |
| 61. Green woodpecker |
| 62. Great spotted woodpecker |
| 63. Lesser spotted woodpecker |
| 64. Middle spotted woodpecker |
| 65. Gray woodpecker |
| 66. Syrian woodpecker |
| 67. Three-toed woodpecker |
| 68. Black woodpecker, yellow |
| 69. Field lark |
| 70. Horned lark, glass |
| 71. White-naped crane |
| 72. Sandhill crane |
| 73. Gray crane |
| 74. Black crane |
| 75. Japanese crane |
| 76. Demoiselle Crane |
| 77. Siberian crane |
| 78. Wood Accentor |
| 79. Robin, robin |
| 80. Greenfinch |
| 81. Common kingfisher |
| 82. Little plover |
| 83. Sea plover |
| 84. Ussuri plover |
| 85. Chaffinch |
| 86. Common oriole |
| 87. Ipatka |
| 88. Marsh warbler |
| 89. Thrush warbler |
| 90. Garden warbler |
| 91. Reed warbler |
| 92. Badger Warbler |
| 93. Moorhen |
| 94. Buzzard, rough-legged buzzard |
| 95. Common buzzard |
| 96. Night heron |
| 97. Kedrovka |
| 98. Keklik |
| 99. Spruce crossbill |
| 100. Pine crossbill |
| 101. Klintukh |
| 102. Kobchik |
| 103. Forest pipit |
| 104. Meadow Pipit |
| 105. Spotted Pipit |
| 106. Linnet |
| 107. Yellow-headed kinglet |
| 108. Red-headed kinglet |
| 109. Crake |
| 110. Black kite |
| 111. Wren |
| 112. White-winged tern |
| 113. Arctic tern |
| 114. River tern |
| 115. Black tern |
| 116. Lapwing |
| 117. Great curlew |
| 118. Medium curlew |
| 119. Mallard |
| 120. Common cuckoo |
| 121. Kuksha |
| 122. Oystercatcher |
| 123. Buzzard |
| 124. White partridge |
| 125. Bearded partridge |
| 126. Gray partridge |
| 127. Blue Tit |
| 128. White blue tit, princeling |
| 129. City swallow, funnel |
| 130. Barn swallow, killer whale |
| 131. Red-rumped swallow |
| 132. Rock swallow |
| 133. Whooper Swan |
| 134. Mute swan |
| 135. Marsh harrier |
| 136. Meadow harrier |
| 137. Harrier |
| 138. Steppe harrier |
| 139. Coot |
| 140. Morodunka |
| 141. Muscovy, little tit, black tit |
| 142. Yellow-backed flycatcher |
| 143. Small flycatcher |
| 144. White-throated flycatcher |
| 145. Pied Flycatcher |
| 146. Gray owl |
| 147. Tawny Owl |
| 148. Gray owl |
| 149. Red-headed pochard |
| 150. White-capped bunting |
| 151. Mountain oatmeal |
| 152. Yellow-throated Bunting |
| 153. Gall oatmeal |
| 154. Reed oatmeal |
| 155. Red-eared bunting |
| 156. Common oatmeal |
| 157. Garden oatmeal |
| 158. Grey-headed Bunting |
| 159. Taiga oatmeal |
| 160. Black-headed bunting |
| 161. Oatmeal crumble |
| 162. Oatmeal-remez |
| 163. Ogar |
| 164. Polovnik, long-tailed tit |
| 165. Buzzard |
| 166. Cowherd |
| 167. Peganka |
| 168. Green warbler |
| 169. Warbler |
| 170. Chiffchaff |
| 171. Warbler rattle |
| 172. Carrier |
| 173. Quail |
| 174. Mocking green |
| 175. Lesser white-fronted |
| 176. Pika |
| 177. Great grebe, great grebe |
| 178. Red-necked grebe |
| 179. Grey-cheeked grebe |
| 180. Black-necked grebe |
| 181. Small Crake |
| 182. Common Crake |
| 183. Baby Crake |
| 184. Common nuthatch |
| 185. Red-breasted nuthatch |
| 186. Rider |
| 187. Prosyanka |
| 188. Common kestrel |
| 189. Steppe kestrel |
| 190. Black-bellied sandgrouse |
| 191. Hazel grouse |
| 192. Saja |
| 193. Waxwing |
| 194. Wigeon |
| 195. Roller |
| 196. Great tit |
| 197. Whiskered tit |
| 198. Tufted tit, grenadier |
| 199. Common starling |
| 200. Pink starling |
| 201. Gray starling |
| 202. Garden warbler |
| 203. Gray warbler |
| 204. Hawk's Warbler |
| 205. Mill's warbler, whitethroat |
| 206. Black-headed Warbler |
| 207. Common bullfinch |
| 208. Gray bullfinch |
| 209. White owl, polar |
| 210. Short-eared owl |
| 211. Long-eared owl |
| 212. Hawk owl |
| 213. Jay |
| 214. Common nightingale |
| 215. Southern nightingale |
| 216. Magpie |
| 217. Gray shrike |
| 218. Black-fronted Shrike |
| 219. Shrike, common shrike |
| 220. Scops Owl |
| 221. White-bellied swift |
| 222. White-banded swift |
| 223. Needle-tailed swift |
| 224. Black swift |
| 225. Reed sutora |
| 226. House owl |
| 227. Thorn-footed owl |
| 228. Sparrow owl |
| 229. Grouse |
| 230. Hatchet |
| 231. Herbalist |
| 232. White wagtail |
| 233. Mountain wagtail |
| 234. Tree wagtail |
| 235. Yellow wagtail |
| 236. Yellow-headed wagtail |
| 237. Yellow-fronted wagtail |
| 238. Green-headed wagtail |
| 239. Kamchatka wagtail |
| 240. Masked wagtail |
| 241. Black-headed wagtail |
| 242. Japanese wagtail |
| 243. Deadlock |
| 244. Puffin rhinoceros |
| 245. European tuvik |
| 246. Hoopoe |
| 247. Large ulit |
| 248. Gray duck |
| 249. Common pheasant |
| 250. Owl |
| 251. Fifi |
| 252. Laughing |
| 253. Great white heron |
| 254. Red heron |
| 255. Gray Heron |
| 256. Small seagull |
| 257. Black-headed gull |
| 258. Herring gull |
| 259. Gray seagull |
| 260. Meadow mint |
| 261. Black-headed mint |
| 262. Sea blackening |
| 263. Black crested |
| 264. Chernysh |
| 265. Lentils |
| 266. Lapwing |
| 267. Teal-whistle |
| 268. Teal |
| 269. Pintail |
| 270. Shoveler |
| 271. Common goldfinch |
| 272. Black-headed goldfinch |
| 273. Dapper |
| 274. Green bee-eater |
| 275. Golden bee-eater |
| 276. Yurok, reel |
| 277. Sparrowhawk |
| 278. Goshawk |