Plates- percussion musical instrument with an indefinite pitch. Plates have been known since ancient times, found in Armenia (7th century BC), China, India, and later in Greece and Turkey. They are a convex disk made of special alloys by casting and subsequent forging. There is a hole in the center of the plate intended for securing the instrument to a special stand or for attaching a belt. Among the main techniques of the game: hitting suspended cymbals with various sticks and mallets, hitting paired cymbals against each other, playing with a bow. The sound stops when the musician places the cymbals on his chest. Typically, cymbal hits occur on the downbeat, at the same time as the bass drum. Their parts are written side by side. The sound of the cymbals in forte is sharp, brilliant, wild, in piano - mysteriously rustling and much softer. In an orchestra, cymbals primarily dynamically emphasize the climax, but often their role is reduced to colorful rhythm or special visual effects. In jargon, musicians sometimes refer to a set of cymbals as “hardware.”
Types of plates
- Paired plates
- Hi-hat- a type of paired cymbals that have orchestral cymbals in their origins. A hi-hat is a pair of cymbals on a common stand, controlled by a pedal.
- Hanging plates- these plates are installed on racks. The ride produces a long, ringing, somewhat hissing sound. The most commonly used rides are 20" in diameter, but the standard sizes are from 18" to 22". Large manufacturers make rides with a diameter from 16" to 26", but it is possible to find rides up to 8". Sizzle - ride cymbals to which rivets or chains or similar elements are added to change the sound. Their sound becomes louder and more cutting. Crash is usually used to emphasize accents with a loud, powerful, but relatively short sound. Splash - small and thin cymbals with a low, short, high-pitched sound. One of the main types of effect cymbals. Effect cymbals also include teapots with a loud, sharp, slightly dirty sound, which are used to create especially powerful staccato accents. Swish and pang cymbals belong to the same group as the tea cymbal, but differ in the shape of the dome and the curve of the body.
Story
Cymbals, together with an increase in the percussion section of the orchestra, probably first appeared in Gluck's scores. At the end of the 18th century, during the period of Haydn and Mozart, cymbals (along with the bass drum and triangle) were rarely found in opera scores, only to reflect the barbarian or Turkish flavor. They appear only once in symphonies, in Haydn's War Symphony, which was an exception for that time. IN concert works In the second quarter of the 19th century, cymbals were required more and more often, already in almost all scores. Berlioz complained about the imperfection of the orchestras of that time: “The cymbals were always either cracked or chipped.” In the last ten years of the 19th century, sharp hits on the cymbal with a stick or a “nail” from a triangle became a new effect in the orchestra. Debussy produces very subtle effects in his scores, a subtle tremolo of cymbals appearing and disappearing
The cymbal is a percussion musical instrument known since ancient times. Currently, there are dozens of varieties of cymbals that are part of the drum set, used in symphony and military orchestras, and are also regularly found in ethnic music all over the world. Copper-based alloys are used to make plates: brass, bell bronze, malleable bronze, nickel silver.
Let's look at the most popular types of plates:
Crash cymbals
Medium-sized cymbals (16-19 inches), have an explosive, bright, quickly decaying sound and are used mainly for accentuation. The crash sound can be heard well against the background of other instruments. The name “crash” was first used by the Zildjian company in 1928.
Ride plates
A large, heavy cymbal (18-22 inches) with a low, ringing, hissing sound. Most often used for playing the rhythmic outline of a drum line, but is also suitable for playing accents. The word “ride” usually refers to both the plate itself and its role in the game.
Hi-hat plates
A hi-hat is a modernized version of double orchestral cymbals, equipped with a stand and a special mechanism that allows you to compress and unclench them using a pedal. The modern hi-hat design dates back to the mid-1920s.
Plates splash
Splash cymbals are less common than the above types of cymbals, but they are one of the most popular types of effect cymbals. They are a small, thin crash with a diameter of 6-12 inches. They are distinguished by a very sharp, cutting sound with a strong attack. The very first splash was released by Zildjian specifically for the legendary drummer Gene Krupa.
Bell plates
Bell is a very small dish with a diameter of 5-9 inches, resembling a splash, but with a small cone in the center. Great for placing accents in any genre of music.
China plates
The ancestor of China cymbals is considered to be the gong, which is confirmed by their sound - sharp and loud, excellent for powerful accents and staccato. Distinctive feature These plates have a dome in the shape of a cylinder or a truncated cone and the edge of the plate turned in the opposite direction.
Crash/ride cymbals
An intermediate option between light and thin crash and thick, heavy ride. Allows you to play accents and maintain rhythm with just one cymbal.
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There is a hole in the center of the plate intended for securing the instrument to a special stand or for attaching a belt.
Among the main techniques of the game: hitting suspended cymbals with various sticks and mallets, hitting paired cymbals against each other, playing with a bow. The sound stops when the musician places the cymbals on his chest.
As a rule, cymbal hits occur on the downbeat, simultaneously with the bass drum. Their parts are written side by side. The sound of the cymbals in forte is sharp, brilliant, wild, in piano - mysteriously rustling and much softer. In an orchestra, cymbals primarily dynamically emphasize the climax, but often their role is reduced to colorful rhythm or special visual effects.
In jargon, musicians sometimes refer to a set of cymbals as “iron.”
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Paired plates
Cymbal alloys
Plates are made from 4 main alloys, each of which is based on copper: bell bronze, malleable bronze, brass and nickel silver, an alloy of copper, zinc and nickel.
Bell bronze, B20
Also known as bell metal, it is an alloy traditionally used to create high quality cymbals, gongs, and, as the name suggests, bells. As a rule, it is stated that the alloy consists of one part tin to four parts copper. This composition is the most common. Some manufacturers of bells, gongs and cymbals use small, but significantly changing the nature of the alloy, elements, namely silver, gold and phosphorus. This alloy belongs to the so-called two-phase - meaning that a certain part of the tin did not dissolve in the “grains” of copper, but was located between them. This makes the metal hard but more brittle than single-phase alloys, which also affects how the metal reacts to hammering and lathing of the metal. Thus, the use of mechanized production methods is very limited.
Standing out from the general range in this group is the Paiste Signature Alloy, formerly known as the Sound Alloy and patented in many countries. The US patent is particularly interesting as it discusses the comparative advantages of bell bronze and hammered bronze (see below) and provides indications that Paiste has a secret technology that allows cymbals to be made from sheet metal. IN big orchestras Typically, bell bronze cymbals are used, which have a greater dynamic range than any other.
Examples: Sabian HH and HHX, Sabian AA and AAX, most Sabian Signature, Zildjian A and A Custom, Zildjian K and K Custom.
Malleable bronze, B8
It is an alloy of tin and copper containing no more than 8% tin. This is a single-phase alloy and can be cold rolled into a sheet shape, which is impossible in the case of bell bronze (an exception is the mid-price cymbals of the new generation Sabian XS20; they are made by sheet rolling of the B20 alloy, which significantly reduces the cost of production, without a significant loss of sound qualities of cast plates B20). This alloy is available in finished form as sheet metal various categories and thickness levels. Most training plates are made from malleable bronze, which is a suitable material for this purpose. Malleable bronze plates good quality can be put into widespread production, are a profitable purchase and, since their sensitivity is lower than that of bell bronze, are more suitable for beginning musicians. Beginning in the mid-20th century, attempts were made to create superior quality plates from malleable bronze, initially for reasons of economy. As the already mentioned Paiste patent states: “Less than three decades ago, for the sake of economy, experiments were made with ordinary bronze sheets or plates containing 8 parts by weight of tin. As a result, the “old bronze rule” was confirmed and recognized as correct. It must be understood that by careful processing of a plate, significant results can be achieved in terms of quality using a bronze sheet or plate that contains 8 parts by weight of tin, but these results cannot even come close to what was achieved with traditionally made plates that contain 20 weight parts of tin." Not everyone will agree with this disappointing statement, written long after the creation of the highly successful Paiste 2002 series. In particular, premium malleable bronze cymbals have proven particularly suitable for loud music. The best of these are now approaching, and some claim to have achieved results equal in quality to the best bell bronze cymbals. [ ]
Examples: Harpy H, Meinl One of a Kind, Meinl Custom and Amun, Meinl Lightning and Raker, Meinl Classics and individual Generation X, Meinl Trooper and Cadet, Meinl Meteor and Marathon B18, Orion Solo Pro and Solo Pro Master, Orion Viziuss, Paiste 2002 and Giant Beat, Paiste 802 and Alpha, Paiste Pst8 and Pst5, Paiste 502 and selected Exotic Percussion, Pearl Pro, Sabian B8 and B8 Pro, Sabian Pro Sonix, Sabian APX, Saluda Glory, Zildjian ZXT and ZBT.
Brass
Some of the best traditional gongs and china cymbals are made from brass, but the alloy is primarily used for beginner and toy cymbals, as well as for the "display" cymbals that some drum kit manufacturers provide for display in store windows. Regular cymbal brass is about 38% zinc in copper, an alloy that is easily machined, readily available in the market in sheet form, and is the cheapest cymbal raw material commonly used. The sound timbre is warm but dull compared to any bronze and very few drummers use such cymbals.
Examples: Harpy B, Meinl HCS and Marathon M38, Orion Twister, Zildjian Planet Z, Sabian Solar and SBr, Paiste 302, Paiste PST 3, 101 Brass and some Exotic Percussion; Pearl, Royal and Stagg.
Nickel silver
It is an alloy of copper and nickel (usually no silver), and some types of student plates use about 12% nickel. Very few specialty plates top level are also made from this alloy, as are gongs, which take on a more modern and exotic sound.
Nickel silver is malleable and available in sheet form and has the bright tone without the shimmer and sensitivity of bronze tin alloys. In the first half of the 20th century, nickel alloy cymbals were produced and used on a much larger scale than today, and most older recordings were likely made using cymbals that contained significant amounts of nickel.
Examples: Some Foremost, Meinl Streamer and Marathon N12, Paiste 402, Trowa and some Exotic Percussion, Sabian Signature Glennies Garbage, Saluda SSX, some Zilco.
Other metals
Plates are also made of bronze with the addition of silicon and aluminum, but these alloys are not widely used.
The German company MEINL uses four different bronzes. These are alloys B20 (80% copper, 20% tin, traces of silver), B12 (88% copper, 12% tin, traces of silver), B10 (90% copper, 10% tin, traces of silver), B8 (92% copper, 8% tin, traces of silver).
Meinl FX9 is an alloy of copper, manganese, tin and aluminum, which is used in the production new series Meinl Generation X, released in 2003. Previous models in this series were made of malleable bronze. Meinl describes the FX9 alloy (69% copper, 15% manganese, 15% zinc, 1% aluminum) as not bronze, which should mean the base is not copper. However, there is an opinion that the word "bronze" should be used in relation to two-phase alloys that are used in these situations.
Saluda GH Alloys are a series of four different alloys, each based on copper and consisting of a total of eleven elements. All of them have already been discontinued. Saluda describes them as "flex bronze".
Unlike cymbals, some gongs are made from multiple metals fused together. Many different metals are used. Parts of some traditional gongs, such as the best "nipple" gongs, are made from iron-based alloys.
Secret alloys
In the past, the alloys used by some craftsmen were closely guarded secrets. Modern chemical analysis has made this approach impossible, yet some sources still make similar claims. Making plates contains many secrets, but the composition of the alloy is not one of them.
Cymbal manufacturers
Main article: List of percussion instrument manufacturers
30.04.2010
Plates (cymbals) is a more or less flat plate of metal, usually round in shape, made of a special alloy. Cymbals are used in many ensembles, ranging from symphony orchestras, percussion ensembles, jazz bands, ending with rock bands and military bands. Drum units usually include at least Crash (Crash Cymbal), Hi-hat andRide Cymbal.
Most modern cymbals are instruments of indeterminate height, i.e. noise. However, there are also tone cymbals, that is, those that give a certain note. Among modern plates are small bowl-shaped plates. There are also crotali (crotales, from Latin crotalum) - sets of tone plates that use flat plates about 10 cm in diameter with a nipple in the center. Such instruments bear little resemblance to modern cymbals and sound like small tonal bells. However, they are made by cymbal manufacturers from cymbal alloys; In addition, there are “intermediate” tone-noise instruments (for example, Zil Bell effect cymbals from Zildjian).
Structure of plates
Understanding the structure will help you select the right cymbals for your installation.
The structure of a regular plate includes: dome(or base, or bell, bell ) And body (bow , "slope"). In the very middle of the dome there is usually a hole necessary for attaching the plate. The body of the plate is conventionally divided into zone " crash "(closer to the edge) and zone" ride " (closer to the dome) - in accordance with how these types of cymbals are usually played.
There are only three surfaces for the drummer to hit, which determine the sound of the cymbal:
- When playing the dome, the sound is almost bell-like.
- in the ride zone, the sound of the cymbal does not seem to be revealed immediately, so here the sound will be clearer.
- When playing in a crash zone, the cymbal immediately shows its full sound, so clarity is reduced by increasing the power of the sound.
The two main and most obvious parameters that affect the sound of a cymbal are, of course, the size and its weight (thickness).
Plate size is its diameter, usually indicated in inches. Large cymbals tend to produce a louder sound, longer sustain (the sound takes longer to decay), and less attack than small cymbals. It also matters dome size: Cymbals with larger, more profiled domes produce more overtones (more ringing) and are louder.
Weight (thickness) greatly affects the volume of the sound, clarity/articulation, overall sound and power of the cymbal. Thinner cymbals have a faster attack (because the thinner metal vibrates faster) and sound richer. Thin crash"and give an explosive and juicy sound, but thin ride"s produce more tone and are more likely to "wind up" without giving much clarity. In general, thin cymbals sound better at low or medium volumes. Heavy cymbals have a wider and louder sound; heavy crash"and give more attack and cut better, and heavy hat's and ride"s produce crisp, clear articulation so that every hit is heard. Medium cymbals are a "one-size-fits-all" compromise, but it may be better to have both thin and heavy cymbals to get the most variety.
Conclusion: Heavy cymbals provide greater volume, sustain and pitch.
Plate profile (profile)
- another important parameter(see picture above). How more value profile, the higher the sound. Low sounds blend well with the music. High sounds- sharper and better suited for loud playing.
Conclusion: the higher the profile, the higher the sound, the brighter and more cutting through the sound.
Narrowing (taper) - the degree of reduction in metal thickness from the center to the edge of the plate, on which the more " crash"evy" or more " ride"new" sound. Metal thickness crash"it smoothly decreases immediately from the center to the edge of the plate, and the thickness of the metal ride"ov is almost the same and disappears only at the very edge of the plate.
By shape plates can be very different. The dome is usually in the shape of a cup or nipple, but its size can range from almost unnoticeable to about half the radius of the plate. However, in common types of plates, the dome most often has a bowl shape and a diameter of about 1/5 of the diameter of the plate.
The body of the plate can have different shapes, usually depending on the type of plate. The axis of the hole in the dome of the plate is most often round, but there are oval, octagonal and other shapes.
The profile of a plate can be absolutely flat, curved, or cone-shaped, but most often it is an ellipsoid (bowl-shaped), like a dome shape, only with a much larger radius of curvature. The edge of the plate can also be curved upward (for plates like china) and down. In addition, sometimes additional actions are performed on the cymbals in order to influence the timbre of the sound in one way or another, for example, they make holes, insert rivets or attach metal parts of a different shape, etc.
Plates are made using casting, turning, forging, pressing, after which they are sometimes minted using machines or manually. The slightest deviations in the curvature of the metal create mechanical stresses in it, which can seriously affect the sound. The size and location of the forging strikes are quite important: the more varied the distortion of the metal from forging, the richer the sound. Therefore, hand-forged plates are more valued: their location and force of forging blows are more varied and unpredictable.
Cymbal alloys there are very different ones. There are 4 main alloys, each of which is based on copper: bell bronze, malleable bronze, brass and nickel silver, an alloy of copper, zinc and nickel.
Markingplates
Modern plate markings include series, weight, plate type and diameter.
For example: 14"ACustomMediumCrash (ACustom - the name of the company's series of cymbalsZildjian,Medium - indicates the weight of the plate,Crash - type of plate).
The plate weight designation is usually chosen from the range extra-thin ("ultra-thin") or paper-thin ("thin as paper") - thin ("thin") - mediumthin ("semi-thin") - medium or without marking("average") - mediumheavy ("semi-heavy") - heavy ("heavy") - extra-heavy ("super heavy").
Other adjectives are sometimes used to indicate weight: studio ("for the studio" = mediumthin, semi-thin), stage ("for the concert" = mediumheavy, light heavy), rock ("for rock" = heavy, heavy), power ("powerful" = heavy, heavy), metal ("for metal" = extra-heavy, super heavy).
Also in the marking you can find the following words:
bell
("bell"), bright
("bright"), brilliant
("brilliant"), crush
("crushing"), dark
("gloomy"), deep
("deep"), dry
("dry"), fast
("with a quick attack"), full
("full"), fusion
("fusion"), light
("easy"), power
("powerful"), projection
("cutting") thrash
("piercing"), tight
("dense"), trash
(“dirty”) and others.
Each manufacturer has its own designations of this kind; they should help when choosing a plate, indicating the specifics of its sound. If you are dealing with signature-series, the plate marking consists only of a proper name, often without indication of weight or tone.
Types of plates
Crash cymbals
Sound: produces a powerful broadband atonal sound when playing.
Application
A pair of these cymbals are used as orchestral cymbals, and the sound is produced by striking the cymbals together, hence the English name hand cymbals.
One or more single hanging plates crash used in drum sets, and the sound is most often produced by hitting the shoulder of the stick on the edge of the cymbal.
In both cases, plates like crash mainly used for playing accents.
View
Cymbal type crash produce the most different weights, from the thinnest to very heavy, but the edge of the plate should be quite thin. In general, for a profile of plates like crash characterized by the greatest thickness at the dome, gradually decreasing towards the edge, due to which crash'and have a dense, wideband sound. Typical Size (Diameter) crash- plates - 16" or 18", although large manufacturers offer plates from 14" to 20", and they produce plates from 8" to 28" to order. Pairs of orchestra cymbals typically range from 16" to 21" in diameter, but pairs as small as 5" are produced.
Hi-hat
Hi-hat (English) hi-hat or hihat), often called simply "hat", is another type of double cymbal, having its origins in orchestral cymbals and then low-sock.
The hi-hat is a pair of cymbals (the same in profile as crash), mounted on a special stand with a foot mechanism that allows you to hit one plate against another, and the design of this stand has changed little since its creation.
Sound
There are open (cymbals apart) and closed (cymbals touching because the pedal is pressed) positions of the hi-hat, and the sound is produced both by hitting the stick in both of these positions, and by pressing the foot on the pedal, as a result of which the cymbals hit each other.
View
Drive design
Initially, the idea arose to “save the musician” playing the cymbals and combine his function with the “main” drummer. As a result of this, a mechanism for collision of plates was invented - the so-called low-sock, - which was a pedal drive mounted on the floor, to which a pair of orchestral cymbals was attached. This device freed up the drummer's hands to play other drums. The plates themselves were located near the floor, so it was impossible to play on them with sticks. Later, one of the legendary jazz pioneers, Gene Krupa, together with Armand Zildjian, came up with a modern stand design, where the cymbals were located horizontally above the snare drum.
In general, there are pedal drives of the type sock ("to hit") and type choke (“press”): in the first of them, the lower plate is movable, and in the second, the upper one. Modern drives are usually of the second type. In addition, there are cable drives that allow you to attach a pair of plates almost anywhere and control their impact with a pedal through a cable. Modern racks for hi-hat They also have a special adjusting screw that lifts one side of the lower plate, so that when you press the pedal, the plates do not collide simultaneously along the entire circumference, but as if starting from one edge. This direction of impact is necessary so that the air leaves the space between the plates faster.
Plate sizes
Until the 1960s, 14" and, less commonly, 13" hi-hats were produced. In the early 1970s, hard rock drummers, most notably John Bonham, began using 15" hi-hats. In the late 1970s, Sabian released their revolutionary 10" mini hats, giving a clear, cutting sound ideal for studio recording. Later, manufacturers began experimenting with rivets inserted into the bottom plate, but by the end of the 1990s it turned out that all these tricks did not catch on, and now in the vast majority of cases 13" or 14" plates are used without any rivets.
Technical solutions for rapid air outflow
Another interesting idea was an attempt to provide a quick outflow of air from the space between the cymbals - in order to obtain a clearer sound. Two technical solutions have taken root: holes in the bottom plate and a curved plane. The last solution has two options: the edge of the plate itself can be curved, or an additional wavy-shaped element can be inserted between the plates.
Modern hi-hats are usually much heavier than modern ones crash- plates that reflect general trend to heavier hats and lighter crash'to her. The latest innovation is to use different cymbals in the same hi-hat, with some drummers using cymbals from different series, different manufacturers, and even different sizes together.
Ride cymbals
Term ride used to indicate both the role of the cymbal in the drum part (i.e., to indicate the cymbal with which the rhythm is played), and the type of cymbal itself. Many cymbal manufacturers produce not only cymbals ride, but also like ride/crash or crash/ride. At the same time ride-the part, that is, the rhythmic outline, is often played on other types of cymbals - china, sizzle, swish, pang and even crash.
On the other hand, nothing prevents you from using a plate like ride How crash, that is, to play an accent on it. Quite a strong blow to the edge ride" and gives a powerful and long-fading sound. For example, Keith Moon generally only often used ride- plates, the largest of which also served crash’ami. In general, dividing the base plates into crash And ride- that's pretty modern solution. Old cymbals were named only by size and weight, or even not named at all, and each drummer decided for himself exactly how to use it.
Sound
When playing cymbal type ride gives a long ringing, somewhat hissing sound, as opposed to a quickly decaying sound crash'to her.
View
Most often used ride’s with a diameter of 20", but sizes from 18" to 22" are considered standard. Large manufacturers produce ride's diameter from 16" to 26", but it is possible to find ride's up to 8".
The bigger and thicker ride, the better it sounds in louder music, and, unlike crash'hey, edge of the plate ride usually quite thick. Often ride- the largest cymbal in the kit, but sometimes the drummers are like a second one ride use plates like china or sizzle, which in this case are larger, but thinner ride'A.
Sizzle plates
Cymbal type sizzle(translated from English as “hiss”, “crackle”) - this is ride's, to which some kind of rattles, most often rivets or chains, are added to change the sound.
Sound
In this case, the sound naturally becomes louder and more cutting, but the dynamic range is reduced, since with very quiet playing there may not be enough energy to make the rattles vibrate.
View 
First option- rivets. The rivets are installed in holes made in the plate so that the rivets can vibrate but do not fall out. In classical sizzle- the plate has rivets located in several (usually four or more) holes evenly spaced along the edge of the plate.
There were other options for the location of the rivets, but only one “took root” - the placement of only three rivets on the plate in the holes along the edge of the plate, side by side. Such plates, which were predicted to have a great future in the late 1980s and early 1990s, survived the peak of their popularity without becoming a replacement ride-plates.
There have been many attempts (mostly unsuccessful) to insert rivets into the bottom cymbals of hi-hats, into cymbals such as crash, splash and even bell-splash. Currently, except ride"ov, rivets are used in plates like swish and sometimes pang, which are more often used for playing in fusion style and 
jazz Some manufacturers say that if the rivets are removed from their cymbal, its tone will be restored, despite the holes. In most cases this is not the case and the holes make the sound worse, although some classic cymbals do restore their timbre.
Second option- use of chains, without additional holes. Undoubted advantage is that the chains can be easily removed, turning the plate into an ordinary one ride. Such rattles look like ball chains and come in two types:
- a chain (rivet sizzlers), which is attached to the counter with one end and hangs on the plate with the other,
A whole structure (chain sizzlers) made of chains that are attached to a horizontal bar. The bar is placed on the stand so that the chains touch the surface of the plate.
Splash type plates
Cymbal type splash- one of the main types of effect cymbals (along with cymbals china) are small and thin plates.
Look and sound
By design splash is very thin and small crash, and the body of the cymbal practically does not change thickness from dome to edge, and the dome is slightly thicker, so the sound produced is perceived as “empty” and less dense than crash, but, nevertheless, cutting and with a very sharp attack.
Splash cymbals are used to play accents, most often syncopated, and they are usually played very harshly. For quieter gaming, some manufacturers offer thin splash'and whose profile is similar to crash, but their edge is so thin that if hit with carelessly strong force, the plate can break.
China- plates with a diameter of 12" and smaller are often called china splash and sometimes mini chinese. There are, however, china splash"and which differ in shape from the classic china.
Another way to use plates splash was their use in conjunction with other plates, when the plate type splash is installed on the same stand so that it is in constant contact with the second plate.
Usually splash- plates have a diameter from 6" to 12". Some manufacturers make plates labeled as splash, with a diameter of up to 22", although they should rather be called thin crash’ami. However, the most popular sizes for splash 10" and 8" remain.
Tea plates (China)
Sound
Cymbal type china("Chinese") in Western music are cymbals whose sound is usually described as containing a "dirty" tone, making them similar to a gong.
View
Real type cymbals china have a dome of cylindrical or truncated-conical (that is, rectangular or trapezoidal in cross-section) shape, and the edge of the plate is turned upward, that is, against the main direction of the body bending. The body of the plate itself varies little in thickness from dome to edge, and the central area, including the inside of the dome, is usually unpolished. However, some china-cymbals lack some of these features, so they can be accurately determined more by timbre - their sound comes more from China than from Turkey, the birthplace of traditional Western cymbal production. Some manufacturers, however, distinguish china, swish And pang, while others denote all these three types in one word china, although in fact the plates swish And pang combine some characteristics of Turkish and some Chinese design.
Plates china Available in sizes from 6" to 27" in diameter. Cymbals measuring 12" and smaller are often referred to as china splash or mini chinese. Sometimes these plates are hung with the dome up, like ordinary ones, but more often they are hung with the dome down. As part of a drum kit, they are considered effect cymbals.
It is known that some ordinary cymbals, if hung with the dome down, can produce a dirty tone, which, however, is far from the brilliant “Chinese” timbre. And vice versa, plates china, if hung with the dome down, can give a greater breadth of timbres, but you need to play carefully, as there is a risk of splitting if the edge is turned out china with such a suspension it will come under a strong blow.
They play according to china- plates like crash- and so ride-parties, and the latter require a dome, so some china They have an inverted dome so that they can be hung with the dome up, but the inverted edges are directed downwards and are not subject to impact.
Swish and Pang cymbals
Cymbal type swish And pang- these are “Chinese group” cymbals, intended more for playing ride-parts (i.e. keeping the rhythm, rhythmic outline), which appeared more or less as a result of the collaboration between Gene Krupa and the Avedis Zildjian Company.
View
AND swish And pang have an inverted edge, like china, and a similar timbre, but a regular round dome. However, some (but not all) manufacturers call them china.
Common sizes for plates swish- from 16" to 22", and pang- from 18 to 20".
Sound
Swish has a higher tone than pang, more blurred and with less noticeable ringing, and there is a suspicion that the names of these cymbals come from the sound they make. Difference in timbres swish And pang significant, since initially the plates swish sold with rivets (see. 
sizzle- plates), and pang- without rivets. Naturally, some brave drummers immediately tried to remove the rivets from swish, and also insert rivets into pang. After some time, both types of plates appeared on sale in regular and in sizzle-version, which gave two different timbres.
At the end of the twentieth century, interest in these plates completely fell, but at the very beginning of the new century swish-cymbals again appeared in the catalogs of leading manufacturers, for example, Zildjian and Paiste, and pang- plates, in principle, can be purchased from several lesser-known companies, for example, Istanbul. However, as mentioned earlier, in the catalogs of some manufacturers, for example, Sabian, you can find many models china, which are “china” only in name, but in form and timbre are actually swish-plates.
*Other types of plates
Finger cymbals
Finger cymbals, or zil(Turkish. zil- "plate"), were originally used in belly dancing. Kit zil-plates consists of four plates worn on the fingers (a pair for each hand). The plates are attached to the fingers using elastic bands: one is put on the middle finger, the other on the thumb.
Zil-plates are made more often from brass than from bronze, with a diameter of about 2". Based on the timbre of a belly dancer, a distinction is made between "silver tone" and "golden tone" zil’ov, they know a whole series techniques for playing them and can have several sets for different dances.
IN modern music zil's are rarely used. In this case, they are simply called "finger cymbals" and are used to give music a "Middle Eastern" sound.
Classification of plates
in terms of quality and cost
Plates are sold separately from the installation and come in:
- Sub-entry level
- Entry level
- Student level
- Pro level.
A standard cymbal set for a beginner on a five-drum kit consists of a 20" ride cymbal, a 16" crash cymbal, and a pair of 14" hi hats.
If you don’t plan to stick with beginners and already know a thing or two, it’s better to skip the plates from the lower categories and buy a decent option.
1. Sub-Entry Level Cymbals ($100 to 150 per set)
Cymbals in this price range typically do not contain bronze, dull-sounding brass alloy, or nickel-plated silver. They fade quickly, and since they are very thin, they are short-lived.
- Paiste 302
- Sabian Solar
- Pearl Cymbals
- Meinl Marathon
- Meinl Headliner
- Camber
- Yamaha Cymbals
- Zildjian Planet Z
2. Entry Level/beginner Cymbals ($150 to $250 per set)
Many models are pretty good choices. Most alloys used contain B8/CuSn8 bronze (92% Copper, 8% Tin). The standard sizes of the set are 14" hi-hats, 16" crashes and 20" rides. The set may include splash and china cymbals. This is the best price option for the very first installation.
- Zildjian ZBT
- Sabian B8
- Paiste 502, 802
- Meinl MCS
3. Student Level Cymbals ($200 to $300 per set)
Wide selection of models, best choice to start with, but if you change your level set entry/beginner, then it’s better to ignore this option and turn to more expensive plates. Plates student level stronger entry/beginner, but there is not much difference. The same B8 alloy is used.
- Sabian B8 Pro
- Sabian XS20
- Zildjian ZXT
- Paiste Alpha
- Tosco by Sabian (B20 alloy)
- Alchemy A.R.T. (by Istanbul Agop, b8)
- Meinl Raker
- Meinl SoundCaster
4. Professional Level Cymbals ($300 per set and above,
As a rule, each plate is sold separately)
Bronze alloys are used. The "European" B8 alloy sounds bright, while the "Turkish" B20 alloy (20% tin and 80% copper) is more tonally rich. Over time, the difference between these alloys has become blurred, and combinations of both are now common.
- Avedis (A), A Custom by Zildjian
- AA, AAX, HHX and Evolution by Sabian
- Sound Formula, Dimensions, Signature, Innovations by Paiste
- Meinl M-Series
- Meinl One of a Kind
* Rock Cymbals
Specially designed series with pronounced loud sound and high frequencies.
- Sabian AA Metal X
- Sabian Pro Sonix
- Zildjian Z Custom
- Paiste Rude
- Zildjian Z
- Bosphorus Gold
- Meinl Mb20
- Meinl Mb10
- Meinl Mb8
* Jazz Cymbals
In this classification, cymbals have a dryish sound with “dark” tones and are intended for playing jazz music.
- Sabian HH (Hand Hammered)
- Paiste Traditionals
- Zildjian K (Kerope)
- Zildjian K Custom
- Zildjian K Constantinople
- Bosphorus Antique, New Orleans, Turk, Traditional, Versa, Master, Hammer
- Wuhan
- Istanbul Agop
- Istanbul Mehmet
- Turkish
- Spizz (Spizzicino)
- Meinl Amun, Byzance