Will you go to Krasnoye?
What's there?
Why not? Can't sit still...
It was with this motivation that we went to the village of Krasnoe-on-Volga. They didn't know anything about him. We thought we'd look at a dusty little rural museum attached to a school or cultural center. Therefore, what we saw there amazed, stunned, shocked. But first things first.
Krasnoe-on-Volga is a village in the Kostroma region, regional center. It has about eight thousand inhabitants. But this village has a rich history. It is much older than the first documentary mention of it. Archaeological research and studies of the cultural layer indicate that people lived here before the 10th century. The area on the banks of the Volga was too good to remain empty for a long time.
The name of the village is associated with events of the past: according to legend, a battle with enemies took place here, in which so much blood was shed that the Volga flowed bloody and the earth turned red. According to another version, the places here were “red” and “beautiful.” According to the third version, the village received its name due to the beauty of the products of local folk crafts, for which it has been famous since ancient times.
Krasnoe-on-Volga has always been large and prosperous. The first mention of it in documents dates back to 1569, when it belonged to the Godunovs. In 1592, the Church of the Epiphany appeared in the village, built by Dmitry Ivanovich Godunov with the blessing of the first Russian Patriarch Job. At the beginning of the 17th century, two chapels were added to the Church of the Epiphany, and at the end of the same century a bell tower was erected. The temple still stands and is a unique monument of hipped stone architecture of the 16th century.
From later documents it is known that Krasnoye was taken into the oprichnina, and then Catherine II in 1762, on the basis of a Senate decree, transferred the village to her maid of honor: “... the maid of honor Praskovya Butakova, who was at our court, is now married to a lieutenant of the Life Guards of the Horse Regiment Baron Sergei Stroganov, and to her brother of the same regiment, retired captain Pyotr Butakov, we grant the village of Krasnoye with 325 souls in the Kostroma district.” Subsequently, the village again passed into the treasury, and at the beginning of the 19th century, Krasnoe and the surrounding villages were presented to the father of the poet Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky for services to the Fatherland. In August 1827 there was a terrible fire, the entire village burned down, including the Vyazemsky estate. Pyotr Andreevich gave large monetary benefits to all those affected by the fire, thanks to which the village was revived again. However, the poet did not restore his estate.
In 1864, the Peter and Paul Church was erected next to the Church of the Epiphany.
Together they formed a wonderful ensemble in the center of the village. It was surrounded by a fence, and a monument to Emperor Alexander II was erected in front of it.
Now all this can only be seen in old photographs. In the summer of 1919, an uprising broke out in Krasny. The punitive detachment of the Yaroslavl Gubernia Cheka under the command of Frenkel brutally dealt with the local residents: about 400 people were shot indiscriminately. Among the victims are clergy of local churches. The Peter and Paul Church and the monument to the Tsar were blown up, the Epiphany Church was converted into a warehouse, even the old cemetery was destroyed.
In 1950-1960, under the leadership of architect I. Sh. Shevelev, repair and restoration work was carried out in the Epiphany Church, and the temple was returned to its original appearance, which it had by the end of the 17th century. And in 1990, the temple was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church. This is the most important architectural landmark of the village.
Today the village of Krasnoe greets us with red poppies,
attentive glances of the local “lads”,
and careful sniffing.
Moreover, Vladimir Ilyich is somehow suspiciously peeping from behind the Christmas trees.
In the center of the village there is a picturesque green pond.
Local boys fish there.
What are they catching?
These are the fish. And the bite is good.
And then the village opens up to us from the other side. In the building behind the boy, there used to be an assay office - an organization that carries out hallmarking of jewelry products and state control over the compliance of products made of precious metals with the standards indicated on them.
The Upper Volga State Assay Supervision Inspectorate is more than 120 years old. It is a leader in Russia not only in terms of volume, but also in the quality of services provided. She now occupies this building.
And the fact that the largest assay office is located in this village is by no means an accident. Krasnoye is the leader in Russia in terms of the number of jewelers. On the territory of the urban settlement there are 10 large enterprises (factories “Diamant”, “Krasnoselskoe Jewelry Production”, “Yashma”, “Platina”, “Aquamarine”, “Rossa”, “Bizher”, “Silver of Russia”, “Golden Patterns”, "GROWTH"), medium - 5, small - 8, 98 individual entrepreneurs are registered. There is also a Krasnoselskoye School of Artistic Metalworking in Krasny-on-Volga.
How did it happen that an ordinary Volga village became the center of jewelry making? Precious metals or stones are not mined here; all raw materials are imported. This may be due to the fact that the land in these places is infertile and the climate is not warm. To feed the family, it was necessary to look for another, non-agricultural income. Archaeological research suggests that in the 10th century copper and silver were already smelted here and jewelry was made.
We learn about this at the Museum of Jewelry and Folk Applied Arts.
The history of local peasant life opens the exhibition. Along with traditional things that can be seen in local history museums throughout the country (spinning wheels, irons, towels,
barrels, harness),
Each Red family also had something special that you wouldn’t see in other places. Here is such a device, for example.
This is a drawing machine. It was used to make wire. It worked something like this:
This machine was also used for drawing wire.
And such a device is for making stamped jewelry.
The museum also has a set of hand tools that were used to make jewelry.
Household utensils, small metal objects, as well as various decorations were made directly in the houses where they lived. Old photographs preserved the daily work of Krasny jewelers: a family at work.
From century to century, traditions and secrets of working with metal were passed on from father to son.
Some were engaged in jewelry making on their own, while others were hired as apprentices. In the middle of the 19th century, in the village of Krasnoye and its environs, 2,000 artisans were engaged in jewelry production. Buyers and large workshops appeared. The village processed about 2.5 thousand pounds of silver per year, which was quite large-scale for that time.
By the end of the 19th century, the products of Krasnoselsky jewelry makers could be found at all major fairs in Russia. The main assortment was aimed at poor buyers - inexpensive copper and silver jewelry, crosses, stamped icons, small silverware.
With the advent of Soviet power in 1919, it was decided to create an artel to produce various jewelry for the needs of the country. But few villagers were happy about this turn of events. Being engaged in the jewelry business, the people lived richly and did not want to part with their goods. The artel was created in April, and in July of the same year the village rebelled, not wanting to accept the rules of the new government. These events remained in history as the “Krasnoselsky rebellion.”
But the uprising was suppressed, and the production association “Krasnoselskaya Labor Production Artel of Metal Products” (its better known name is “Red Handicraft”) began to work. In the 30s, the artel became an industrial collective farm. Local residents, in addition to their main jewelry production, were engaged in agriculture. And during the Great Patriotic War, many craftsmen went to the front, and the enterprise itself began to produce metal products for the needs of the front.
At the end of the 50s, the artel was renamed “Krasnoselsky Jeweler”. And in 1960, the Krasnoselskaya Jewelry Factory was organized, which included other artels (Metalist, Red Jeweler and Promkombinat). In 1973, the factory received the name "Krasnoselskaya Jewelry Factory", which later became the head enterprise of the Yuvelirprom production association.
Since the eighties of the twentieth century, Russian jewelers have had the opportunity to officially work with precious metals. Many private jewelry workshops have opened in Krasnoye, producing a variety of gold and silver products.
The entire history of Krasny-on-Volga is reflected in the museum’s exhibitions. Just like the development of different types of metal processing.
One of the oldest types is coinage.
With the help of such tools - coins - frames for icons were made, and sometimes the icons themselves.
Along with coining, casting and stamping were used.
Sometimes different metal processing techniques were used in one product. This is especially noticeable on book bindings.
Real works of art!
In addition to cult attributes, since ancient times silverware (brothers, glasses, salt shakers) and tools, decorative figurines and jewelry have been made from silver.
Used for decoration enamel,
and sometimes stones.
The cast figures simply fascinated me.
But filigree and wire lace brought wide fame to Krasnoselsky craftsmen.
The word “scan” goes back to the Old Russian verb “skati” - “to twist”, “to twist several strands into one thread.” Along with this word, “filigree” is also used (Italian filigrana, from Latin filum “thread” + granum “grain”). They mean one thing - a type of jewelry technique: an openwork pattern or a pattern made of thin wire, smooth or twisted, soldered onto a metal background. The materials for the products are alloys of gold, silver, platinum, as well as copper, brass, cupronickel, and nickel silver.
First, the wire is annealed to red heat, then bleached in sulfuric acid, straightened, and sorted by thickness. Then they either twist it (in the form of a rope, lace, braid, herringbone, track, smooth surface, etc.), or leave it smooth, roll it (slightly flatten it) in special devices - “rollers”.
The parts are bent (according to the sketch), large ones - with fingers, and small ones - with tools. The shapes of the parts are very different: curl, spiral, squares, rings, snakes, cucumbers, cloves... Smooth and twisted wire are combined to achieve a certain effect.
Scandinavian patterns can be openwork or applied. Openwork ones are first glued to the sketch, and then soldered on it. The invoices are glued to the background (metal plate) and then soldered.
The almost finished product is dipped into a sulfur solution to darken the metal, then polished.
Filigree is often combined with enamel (including enamel), engraving, and embossing. Filigree products are often complemented with grains (small silver or gold balls that create a play of chiaroscuro) and stones, crystal, and mother-of-pearl.
When you look at these vases, salt shakers, boxes, cigarette cases, glass holders, miniature sculptures, you understand how much work and love is put into each product.
We admired everyone.
Products made using the filigree technique or with filigree elements are very often (in order to enhance their appearance) silvered or gilded. Looks amazing.
This tea table can easily fit in the palm of your hand. And the cups and spoons are generally tiny.
Perhaps it will be just right for this family.
But, probably, like for many, for me the word “jeweler” is associated primarily with women’s jewelry. There are many of them in the museum. And everyone is different. You can’t help but wonder how it will look on you.
Every jeweler is an artist. Before creating a thing, the master draws it and works out all the details on paper. Therefore, it is not surprising that part of the museum’s exhibition is occupied by paintings by Krasnoselsky artists.
This is what the Fiftieth Psalm looks like.
And this is the path to the heights of wisdom.
Each enterprise in Krasny-on-Volga has its own store. We go to one of them after the excursion.
It's not the biggest, there are bigger ones. But even one store was too much for me. Because I have never been to such jewelry stores before. If you imagine an ordinary supermarket (“Magnit” or “Pyaterochka”), all the counters, display cases, refrigerators of which are filled with samples of (non-repeating) jewelry made of gold, silver and platinum, then it will be similar to the place where we ended up.
My head was spinning from the precious shine. You need to come here with a clear idea of what you want to buy. I didn't know. I wasn’t really prepared for the fact that I would end up in such a place. Therefore, I rushed around the store, wondering what I could buy for myself and as a gift for my family, and not overpay. Until I saw ionizers.
This is a silver product on a chain that you put in a glass of water for a while, and silver ions penetrate into the water. Water becomes useful for humans. In addition, silver kills bacteria. At least that's what the sales assistant said. I thought this was a good choice for a gift. Each ionizer was given a certificate. In general, we purchased such a product for ourselves and as a gift (time has shown that this was not the best choice).
While we were waiting for our group, we wandered around the village. Peering into the faces of passers-by, I thought: what kind of jewelers are they? They are no different from us. They go to shops, cultivate gardens, and walk along these streets. This is not at all similar to the “orthodox” image of a jeweler created in our cinema.
There is such an interesting place in the Kostroma region. Now I know exactly where to go if I want to buy something amazing.
On Saturday morning we woke up on the water and from our window we could see this:
This is the Ostrovsky Prichal Hotel (14 May Street), which was made in the former landing stage of the river port. Sleeping on the water is a special pleasure. I know that shamans often use it as medicine. The only important thing is that the current enters from the side of the head and exits through the legs. Then it takes away the internal debris with it. If you sleep on the contrary, the water collects all this internal garbage, but cannot remove it from the body and it remains at the level of the head, which is why it hurts in the morning.)
The hotel itself has no sound insulation, so you can hear people sneezing in the next room and the maids rattling mops in the morning, but, of course, all this is nothing compared to sleeping on the water and morning meditation without getting out of bed.
Each room on the ground floor has a balcony. And these are the views from here. You can probably catch fish in the summer.
Having thoroughly enjoyed the views from the room, we went to the village of Krasnoye on the Volga - the center of jewelry craft. Along the way we looked at Kostroma. The city from the car window seemed welcoming. For example, with houses like this. I would return to Kostroma again.
The village of Krasnoe on the Volga is located 35 km from Kostroma. And it is known as the center of jewelry making. Today, there are 570 registered jewelry enterprises in the village out of 750 in the region. And we have our own chamber that samples precious metals.
And in order to figure out what was what in this village, we first went to the local museum (Sovetskaya St., 49a) and booked a tour (350 rubles). Museum group in contact: (quite informative), museum website.
The photo shows the actual museum building. If you have time, go around the building on the left side (if you are facing it) and find a small brick extension. There they conduct filigree master classes for children and adults (200-300 rubles per hour)
So, the museum, Krasnoe Selo, has been known since the 9th century as a center of jewelry artisans who created jewelry mainly for the common people. For example, such crosses were taken to the fair in whole convoys (according to our guide).
Or these earrings and keychains, the original purpose of which was... to replace a watch on a chain if a person did not have enough money for last minute funds. (and it looked like there was something heavy lying in the watch’s breast pocket).
This is our guide next to the craft table, which, according to her, was and is in every hut in the village of Krasnoe on the Volga.
Or this technique of “casting on a natural object”, which allows you to convey all the natural “cracks” of the object. And the Object itself is then removed from the resulting form.
In Soviet times, the jewelry factory produced badges and brooches. And still like jewelry.)
But I even remember this brooch - a lily of the valley. Nostalgia.
In the next hall of the museum, filigree technology was presented, for which the local factory is famous. This is a technique of twisted wire - copper - silver or silver plated. Products from thimbles to huge pennants. In Soviet times they were in every home. For example, these vases.
Or these hedgehogs.
Well, of course, I was most worried about the decorations.
This set is also interesting.
And here are the sketches of the jewelry. When I get big and take up jewelry making, I will definitely make earrings like these - top right - according to F.P. Birbaum's sketch.
But this set is not about filigree. It's made of bone. But I agree.
In the last hall there was an exhibition of works by students of KUKHOM - the only metal processing school in Russia. This is their website . The KUKHOM building is located directly opposite the museum and the exhibition hall of the school also seems to host interesting exhibitions (judging by the website). Among the exhibits, for example, is this decorative vase, created as a thesis work.
Next time you will definitely need to check out the exhibition at this school. Well, among the student works in the museum there were not only jewelry, but also such amazingly decorated clothes. I'm sure you can buy it after the exhibition. And, for some reason, it seems to me that the price will be adequate. Because the prices in the village of Krasnoye are amazing in their adequacy.
Also in the museum, which occupies a pre-revolutionary building, which, by the way, previously housed the classes of this jewelry school, in the museum there is such a unique cast-iron staircase. Which itself looks like a piece of jewelry.
After thanking the guide for the story and asking her about where to go in the village to buy jewelry, we went after them. In fact, there are no secret addresses. Almost all stores from the main manufacturers are located on the central street (Sovetskaya), where the museum itself is located. So you don’t need to go far - everything is nearby. This, for example, is a huge store from the Krasnoselsky Jewelry Factory. It is located to the right of the museum, if you are facing the entrance to the museum.
There are THREE jewelry factories and more than 600 jewelry workshops in the village. Here is a list of major businesses with addresses and phone numbers. I think that some of them do not work with retail, but only with wholesale. Therefore, it makes sense to find out this in advance. I would visit the following stores:
1) Almaz Holding store in the factory building, next to the museum (Sovetskaya 49)
2) Shop "Krasnograd" (Sovetskaya str., 52). Opposite the factory and museum building. This is a collection store - where there are representatives of many local companies. Yes, prices are more expensive than in company stores at factories, but not significantly.
3) a store at the Sokolov factory (formerly "Diamant"). Their buildings will be on the right at the entrance to the village ( Yuvelirov Ave., 37). their website.
4) T.D. store Krasnoselsky Jeweler (will be on the left when entering the village) st. Sovetskaya 86 their website.
Also, I would love to find access to local jewelers who make designer jewelry. I saw some of the works at an exhibition in the museum. Very worthy. But where to find these masters?
The list of stores does not pretend to be complete. Moreover - rather the opposite - it reflects only a small part. Therefore, I will be glad if you share in the comments your experience of visiting the village of Krasnoye on the Volga or visiting jewelers. There is no doubt that we will return to this village again. My insightful husband Vitaly, having watched me “intoxicated” wandering through these shops, as if through Ali Baba’s cave, said, “Now I know exactly what to give you for your next birthday: a trip to the village of Krasnoe with a certain amount of money.”)
Well, about money. It's all true. The prices are amazing. In the first store, I even asked the seller how to read the price tag, because it didn’t fit in my head how, for example, silver earrings with a rather large insert of fionites, garnet, artificial topaz or emerald could cost... 400 - 600 rubles , and some silver ring without inserts - 150... Now imagine how drunk I got, realizing that with only 1-2 thousand rubles in my pocket I can buy myself almost any piece of jewelry.
Yes, the assortment is quite monotonous - reminiscent of the same “carts with crosses and icons” that were transported to the fair. But even among all this diversity you can find something interesting.
And yes, there is, of course, a department with diamonds and gold - platinum, but since I don’t know Moscow prices for them, I have nothing to compare with. But I suspect that they are also two to three times lower than Moscow, as are the prices for silver.
As a result, the following silver earrings with topaz from the Sokolov company went with me for 1800 rubles (which was an order of magnitude more expensive than similar earrings from other companies, but I liked these.) And a ring to go with them, also with topaz, but from a different manufacturer for 400 rubles .
In a word, having enjoyed the available beauty to the hilt, we finally left this glorious village, going to an equally beautiful one - Big Water of the Volga River. And then we finally understood the true meaning of the name of the village of RED on the Volga. See for yourself: Time:
See for yourself: two. (This is me trying to practically “drink the Don Volga with a helmet”)
See for yourself: three.
Well, we went to an amazing place - to a ferry crossing that operates in the summer. In the summer you can come to the village of Krasnoe without stopping at Kostroma and saving 30 kilometers.
Well, meanwhile the sun began to set and we turned our wheels back. We again drove through the village of Krasnoe, past the Church of the Epiphany, 17th century. We didn't get inside (it was closed).
And soon we were again in Kostroma (only 35 km) at the gates of the Ipatievsky Monastery, which was our next point for that day. However, as I already mentioned, the official tourist sites did not accept us on this trip. Because we arrived at 15:30, and the monastery was open until 16:00, it seemed unreasonable to pay about 1000 rubles for entrance tickets for 30 minutes, so we exhaled happily (because we were already filled with impressions and reflections for that day), We went to a local store and bought “linen towels” for souvenirs (Kostroma is famous for its linen factories).
and went to have dinner at the already familiar “Gastronomic Cafe” in the Trading Rows (In the village of Krasnoe we did not find food, only gold and silver, and therefore we were hungry). On the way to the cafe, we wondered where the Kremlin was in this city. At some point they realized that there was no Kremlin, but there were shopping arcades of immense size. Well, it’s true - a city of merchants - what a Kremlin it is.
We were delighted with this discovery, had a delicious dinner and headed to Yaroslavl, to the Modern Hotel. Finally resting for the next day and the journey home.
And to be continued.
The beginning of the story about this journey can be read here.
Krasnoe-on-Volga is a small village not far from Kostroma (35 km). Small, but not simple! Girls, hold on... In this small village there are more than 20 jewelry stores, some of which have become famous brands in Russia, and more modest factories and workshops will surprise you with their prices and designs! Intrigued? Well then let's go!!
I already heard about Krasnoe-on-Volga and its wonders during our first trip to Kostroma (review here). But since at that time we were carried away by walks around the city, we never got further than Kostroma. Our November trip was another matter: this time the trip was by car. Moreover, it took place on the eve of my birthday. Why not stop by for a gift?))
It was decided to spend half a day on the trip to Krasnoye-on-Volga (yes, we honestly promised that we wouldn’t go shopping for more than half a day), and spend the second part of the day in Ples. Eh, if it weren’t for the museum, Natasha and I would have completed it in exactly half a day. They promised Zhenya, he just didn’t know about the museum.
Krasnoe-on-Volga is a very small village with a population of just over 7 thousand people. However, its history is quite long and interesting. Thus, Krasnoye has its own architectural attractions, for example, the tent-roofed Church of the Epiphany (1592). There are also many houses from the early 20th century preserved here. But of course, this is not what attracts knowledgeable tourists here. The village has long been famous for its jewelers. In the 19th century, not a single Russian exhibition took place without Krasnosel products being presented there. Where there are factories, there are shops...
Before the trip, we scoured the Internet and outlined the addresses we wanted to visit. First of all, we wanted to go to the center of Krasnograd, where shops of different manufacturers are collected, and also visit the Museum of Jewelry Art.
Krasnoe-on-Volga: addresses of attractions and shops
After active shopping, you can refresh yourself, for example here.
At the entrance to the city, we noticed a sign for the Yashma plant and decided to turn onto Okruzhnaya Street. Having parked the car near the first plant (it was the Platinum plant), we went inside. We were not greeted very warmly there, especially when they learned that we were retail buyers. There was not a single price in the showroom; they refused to tell us the prices. At the same time, the consultants told us that we could order something, and then come in a couple of weeks to receive the finished product. This approach did not suit us (we would have to travel 400 km again to buy a piece of jewelry). We got into the car and went to the village itself.
After studying the information about the villages, we decided that we should immediately go to Sovetskaya Street. This is the main street, where all the most interesting things are concentrated.
At the beginning of Sovetskaya Street we saw the large Krasnograd shopping center. Can you imagine a shopping center with only jewelry stores in it? I just want to remember the words of the brother rabbit: “...just don’t throw me into the thorn bush.” Most of all we liked the store of the Golden Patterns factory.
Approximate purchase prices:
Silver earrings - 500-3200 rubles.
Silver ring - 1500 rubles (on average).
Short chain made of silver - 1200 rubles, long from 2000 rubles.
Gold pendant with a 0.16 carat diamond - 22 thousand rubles.
You can't take pictures inside, so we're sharing photos of our purchases.
Natasha bought a pair of earrings at the Sokolov brand store, the prices there are about the same.
After we were able to tear ourselves away from shopping through an effort of will (and I simply ran out of money), we went to the Museum of Jewelry Art. Initially, somewhat skeptical, we were surprised that the museum turned out to be large and interesting. When purchasing tickets, we also ordered a tour of the halls (the service cost only 300 rubles for everyone).
The museum certainly deserves special attention and is certainly worth the hour and a half spent on it.
Photos
Add a photoDescription of the place
30 km southeast of Kostroma there is a former village, and now an urban-type settlement, Krasnoe-on-Volge, commonly referred to simply as Krasny. Jewelry crafting in these parts has been known since the 9th century (even before Slavic colonization). In the 19th century, this trade was practiced in the area not only in the village of Krasnoye, but also in fifty villages and hamlets on both sides of the Volga. Krasnoselsky products made of filigree (the finest twisted silver web) with inserts of various stones are widely distributed on the Russian market, as well as individual stone charms, crafts made from them and other jewelry using precious metals.
Krasnoe-on-Volga lies on the left bank of the Volga River, 35 kilometers southeast of Kostroma. The village is included in the List of Historical Cities of Russia. The layout of Krasny is radial-ring, similar to the capital's - the center is Red Square, from which the streets radiate: Sovetskaya, Lenin, Lunacharsky and K. Liebknecht. All attractions can be combined into one simple route.
Local legend says that the name of the settlement comes from a bloody battle with foreign troops. After peace was concluded, the women “wiped away their tears with their hems.” According to another version, the village received its name due to the beauty of the products of local folk crafts, for which it has been famous since ancient times. The locals are called Krasnosels.
Nowadays, Krasnoe is a cozy green settlement, clearly ancient in appearance: in addition to five-story buildings, it is full of private wooden houses, as well as large stone mansions, which are undoubtedly architectural monuments. The latter are the most interesting and unusual. In Soviet times, Krasnoe was included in the Golden Ring, but not because of its jewelry focus, but because of a rare architectural landmark - the Epiphany Tent Church of 1592, standing exactly in the center of the village, on Red Square. Until the 1930s next to it stood a five-domed snow-white cathedral, which was later blown up. Now at this place there is nothing reminiscent of its existence - only a small square has been laid out.
The village of Krasnoye is obviously much older than the first documentary mention of it (1569). The area on the banks of the Volga was too good to be empty for a long time, it was not for nothing that it was called “red”, that is, “beautiful” (the toponym of the village has nothing to do with Soviet Newspeak). In addition, important trade routes converged here, nearby, just thirty-five miles away, already
Kostroma was founded in the 12th century, so the residents of Krasnoye had significant economic benefits from the location of the village. According to local historians, since ancient times there has been a pier where merchant ships stopped.
For some time, the village belonged to representatives of the Vorontsov-Velyaminov family, descendants of the semi-legendary Murza Chet, who came from the Horde, was baptized and entered the service of the Moscow Grand Duke. In 1567, the Kostroma district was taken into oprichnina, and the old patrimonial owners were evicted, providing them, however, with some compensation. The first document where Krasnoye is mentioned is precisely evidence of this compensation received by Ivan Vorontsov-Velyaminov for the village of Krasnoye confiscated from him:
“Behold, Ivan Dmitrievich son Vorontsov gave the village of Namestkovo in the Bezhetsky district to the house of the Trinity, and the Tsar and the Grand Duke granted Ivan that village of Namestkovo with villages instead of my patrimony, the village of Krasnoye with the villages that the sovereign took from me that village of Krasnoye in the Kostroma district.” .
From then on, Krasnoye was considered a palace village until it passed into the hands of the Godunovs, who rapidly rose to prominence under Ivan the Terrible and his son Fyodor, and thus returned to the descendants of the Chet we have already mentioned: the Godunovs, like the Velyaminovs, traced their origins to him.
In the 17th century, Krasnoe, having briefly been in the hands of the Godunovs, again became a palace. In 1648, according to the Tsar’s decree, clerk I. Yazykov and clerk G. Bogdanov delimited his lands from neighboring lands (which belonged, for the most part, to the Ipatiev Monastery), about which the corresponding entry was preserved in the census books:
“Summer 7157, by the sovereign’s decree and a letter from the Order of the Grand Palace signed by clerk Ivan Fedorov, Ivan Semenovich Yazykov, and clerk Grigory Bogdanov, the sovereign of the palace village of Krasnoe went to the villages and to the estate of the Ipatiev Monastery, the villages of Nefedova, the village of Ivanovskoye, and the village of Priskokovo, we went to the villages and those villages of the sovereign's palace village of Krasnoye were demarcated from the estates of the Ipatiev Monastery, and at the land survey there were noblemen: Pavel Kartsev, Ilya Bedarev, Andrei Butakov, and the peasants of Prince Vasily Volkonsky, Andrei Golovin. Yes, Epiphany priest Grigory, instead of the peasants, had a hand in the same signature of the village of Krasnoye.”
The fate of the palace peasants, compared with the lot of the serfs, was undoubtedly happier. But soon the Krasnosels had to “try on” the landowner’s yoke. Catherine II, who came to power at the edge of noble swords, after her accession generously distributed state estates to loyal people. On November 30, 1762, with a light hand, she granted “the village of Krasnoye with 325 souls” to “our maid of honor Praskovya Butakova, who was at our court, who is now married to Lieutenant Baron Sergei Stroganov of the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment, and to her brother of the same regiment, retired captain Pyotr Butakov "
In addition to Krasny, P.G. Butakov and his sister also received the Rybnaya Sloboda of Pereslavl-Zalessky and in the same Pereslavl district the village of Eskovo - in total more than 1000 male souls. But Praskovya Grigorievna did not really have to be a rich landowner: in 1763 she died, and her share went to her brother Peter. He also died childless, and after his death the entire rich inheritance was concentrated in the hands of his widow Avdotya Nikolaevna. However, according to the laws of that time, she was entitled to only one-fourth of her husband’s estate. The rest, due to failure to find heirs, became “escheated” and had to be returned to the treasury.
And then a long “redistribution of property” began. On the one hand, a distant relative of Butakov was found, who served in the Selenginsky district at the time of his death. On the other hand, the peasants of Rybnaya Sloboda and Krasny submitted a petition to the highest name, in which they expressed their desire to return to the Palace Department, pointing out their long-standing privileges and responsibilities in relation to the court.
At this point, Avdotya Nikolaevna Butakova also got into trouble, offended by the fact that the estates granted to her late husband would go to an unknown distant relative. The Senate was forced to reconsider the decision and ultimately decided: to give Nikolai Butakov the ancestral Butakov villages in the Kostroma and Buisk districts, leave the property to the widow, and return the rest to the Palace Department. So the Krasnensky peasants got rid of the landowners for some time, and Nikolai Butakov received only seventy-seven souls instead of the hoped-for thousand.
Soon, however, the process of enslaving the inhabitants of Krasny began again. In 1797, Paul I granted the former secretary of Mother A.V. Khrapovitsky 600 souls in the Kostroma district, including 17 souls in the village of interest to us. And a little later, Red was presented to A.I. Vyazemsky for services to the Fatherland and was inherited by his son Peter.
Pyotr Andreevich did not live in Krasnoye, but he often visited here. And in 1827, when there was a big fire in the village, he allocated serious sums to help fire victims. It is not known how badly the Epiphany Church was damaged at that time and whether it needed repairs, but the manor’s house burned down, and Vyazemsky decided not to restore it.
Apparently, the wooden temples also burned down at the same time. We don’t know which of them were restored and which were not. By the beginning of the 20th century, in any case, in the village there was an ensemble of two churches - the cold Epiphany and the warm Peter and Paul, built in the characteristic “Tonovsky” style in the 1860s with the money of parishioners. There was also a cemetery church. There was only one parish in the village; the clergy consisted of two priests, a deacon and a psalm-reader.
"Krasnoselsky rebellion"
July 1919 wrote a tragic page in the history of Krasny and the Epiphany Church. In Soviet historiography, the event in question was called the “Krasnoselsky rebellion.” It was told how, during the six-hour battle, a detachment of the Yaroslavl GubChK, led by Comrade. A.F. Frenkel, courageously fought against the counter-revolutionaries and restored the revolutionary order.
In reality, everything was somewhat different. Indeed, in Krasny - despite its supposedly “communist” name - “old regime” sentiments were extremely strong. The people, engaged in the jewelry craft, lived richly, did not sympathize with the arrival of the Bolsheviks, and did not want to serve in the Red Army. And the uprising really took place, since hundreds of deserters (many with weapons) were hiding in the village and its environs. However, the first victims of Frenkel’s punitive detachment were not them, but two deaf and mutes who were returning from the forest with berries. They were hacked to death right on the road. Next, the punitive forces killed a Red Army soldier who was on leave due to injury and showed a document about this. In general, apparently, they poorly understood Russian speech. Apparently, it was one of the so-called international detachments. Krasnensky old-timers who survived those terrible days later called their tormentors either Latvians or Czechs.
Events took an even bloodier turn when, in the neighboring village of Danilovskoye, one of its residents killed a member of the detachment, an employee of the Yaroslavl Cheka A. Shcherbakov. In the conclusion of the YargubChK investigative commission, the subsequent “operation” was described as follows: “The entire counter-revolutionary element and the kulaks of the village. Krasny was mercilessly shot on the same day for the murder of Comrade Shcherbakov.” Humanly speaking, this is what happened: they grabbed about four hundred people (without sorting them into “elements,” of course), scattered them into the basements of shops and, calling them by name, shot them in front of the whole people. It is known that the punitive forces forced local communists to take part in the execution - such a “Nechaev” practice.