Thoughts that were created based on real life events are most interesting for readers. From such creative works we learn about real historical events that filled the past. One of these thoughts is the great work “The Death of Ermak”. Its creator was K.F. Ryleev. It was the main character, the Cossack Ermak Timofeevich, who played a very important role in the difficult process of unification of the Siberian region and Russia.
These historical actions took place during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. Cossack Ermak was able to destroy the army of Khan Kuchum, although the khan himself fled. And at night, the khan staged a sudden raid on the Cossack settlement, and the latter had to retreat.
While crossing the river, the Cossack Ermak died in a stormy and deadly river. It is the night of the Cossacks’ retreat that the author depicts with all the formidable elements of nature - lightning flashed, the rain was constantly noisy, a storm hovered over the earth.
Many Cossacks were criminals in their former lives, but now they are loyal to the service of the Tsar. Ermak reflects on the fact that all these Cossacks have long since washed away their offenses with the blood of their enemies. After all, now they stand to death and give their lives for Holy Rus'.
At this time, he still does not know that a difficult battle awaits them ahead. After all, at night, Khan Kuchum secretly attacks the Cossack camp and they fall in battle without even fighting.
Such a vile and low character as Khan Kuchum is contrasted with the strong and powerful Cossack Ermak. During the retreat, the glorious hero was unable to cross the river and overcome the stormy anger of the water element. He's drowning. And the reason for this is the heavy shell, which was a gift from the king.
A Cossack dies defending his native land and serving Russia. It was to her, and not to the king. This is a very important detail that the author emphasizes in his thought.
Literature test The Death of Ermak (K.F. Ryleev) with answers for 8th grade students. The test consists of 2 options, option 1 has 7 tasks, option 2 has 8 tasks.
The storm roared, the rain made noise;
Lightning flew in the darkness,
And the thunder roared incessantly,
And the winds raged in the wilds...
Breathing passion for glory,
In a harsh and gloomy country
On the wild bank of the Irtysh
Ermak sat, overcome with thought.
Companions of his labors,
Victories and thunderous glory,
Among the pitched tents
They slept carelessly near the oak grove.
“Oh, sleep, sleep,” the hero thought,
Friends, under the roaring storm;
At dawn my voice will be heard,
Calling for glory or death!
You need rest; sweet dream
And in a storm he will calm the brave;
In dreams he will remind you of glory
And the strength of the warriors will double.
Who did not spare his life
In robberies, mining for gold,
Will he think about her?
Dying for holy Rus'?
Washed away with your own and the enemy's blood
All the crimes of a violent life
And deserved it for the victories
Blessings of the Fatherland, -
Death cannot be scary to us;
We have done our job:
Siberia was conquered by the king,
And we did not live idly in the world!”
But his fate is fatal
Already sitting next to the hero
And looked with regret
Looking at the victim with a curious look.
The storm roared, the rain made noise,
Lightning flew in the darkness;
And the thunder roared incessantly,
And the winds raged in the wilds.
The Irtysh boiled in steep banks,
Gray waves rose
And they crumbled into dust with a roar,
Biya on the coast of the Cossack boats.
With the leader, peace in the arms of sleep
The brave squad ate;
With Kuchum there is only one storm
I didn’t sleep on their destruction!
Fearing to enter into battle with the hero,
Kuchum to the tents like a despicable thief,
Snuck along a secret path,
Tatars are surrounded by crowds.
Swords flashed in their hands -
And the valley became bloody,
And the formidable one fell in battle,
Without drawing your swords, squad...
Ermak woke up from his sleep
And, death in vain, rushes into the waves,
The soul is full of courage,
But the boat is far from the shore!
Irtysh is more worried -
Ermak is straining all his strength
And with your powerful hand
It cuts through the gray trees...
Floating... the shuttle is already close -
But power gave way to fate,
And, boiling more terribly, the river
The hero was noisily consumed.
Having deprived the hero of his strength
Fight against the furious wave,
Heavy armor - a gift from the king -
Became the cause of his death.
The storm roared... suddenly the moon
The boiling Irtysh turned silver,
And the corpse, spewed out by the wave,
The copper armor lit up.
The clouds were rushing, the rain was noisy,
And the lightning still flashed,
And the thunder still roared in the distance,
And the winds raged in the wilds.
1 option
1. Name the genre of the work.
2. What is the repetition of identical consonant sounds in poetic speech called in order to enhance its expressiveness: A storm roared, the rain made noise, lightning flew in the darkness, and thunder thundered continuously?
3. Write the name of the term denoting a hidden comparison: “With one’s own and the enemy’s blood, washing away all the crimes of a violent life.”
4. Indicate the name of the figurative and expressive device: “Kuchum, like a despicable thief, crept towards the tents along a secret path.”
5. Name the hero of works of oral folk art to whom Ermak is likened.
6. What is the role of the description of nature in this work?
7. In what literary works do you know the hero dreams of exploits and glory?
Option 2
1. What century's events are depicted in the work?
2. What are the artistic definitions in the work called: “a harsh and gloomy country”, “wild coast”, “loud-sounding glory”?
3. Indicate the name of the artistic device: the text uses the phrase “A storm roared...” three times.
4. What is the name of the means of allegorical expressiveness: “With Kuchum the storm did not sleep”?
5. Determine the meter in which the poem is written.
6. Who is to blame for the death of Ermak and his associates?
7. What makes this work similar to works of oral folk art?
8. Can Ermak, in the portrayal of Ryleev, be called a true hero? Justify your point of view.
Answers to the literature test The Death of Ermak (K.F. Ryleev)
1 option
1. Duma
2. alliteration
3. metaphor
4. comparison
5. hero
Option 2
1. 16
2. epithets
3. repeat
4. personification
5. iambic
Ryleev's reputation as a poet is ambiguous. Among his contemporaries there were many people who did not rate his poetry very highly. You need to understand that his reputation is determined not only by his writing abilities, but also by his civic position. For many, Ryleev was a man of enormous merit, a hero and a righteous man, due to the fact that he became one of the participants in the Decembrist movement.
Ryleev was the first Russian poet to be executed for his beliefs and social activities. He lived only 30 years. During this short period he managed to do a lot. Like many Russian nobles, the poet served. Ryleev would have come from a small-scale family, his father looked after someone else's estate and was under the authority of a larger landowner. First, Ryleev served in military affairs, and later in civilian affairs, as an assessor in the Civil Chamber, and at the end of his life he served in the Russian-American Company.
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Ryleev and duels The institution of dueling played a huge role in Russian noble life. Many writers fought duels, many were seconds. In addition to such famous duels as those in which Pushkin and Lermontov were killed, there are many others in the history of Russian literature, famous and dramatic (Fig. 1). Rice. 1. A.A. Naumov. Duel of Pushkin with Dantes Ryleev also took part in duels, and some of them are very famous. One of these famous duels was the duel between Chernov and Novosiltsev, in which Ryleev was a second. Chernov was a friend of Ryleev, a poor nobleman, and Novosiltsev was an aristocrat and a rich man. As often happens, the duel happened because of a woman. Chernov had a sister, and Novosiltsev wooed her, they were engaged, but after some time, under the influence of his mother, Novosiltsev “reversed.” The engagement was called off. Such situations occurred quite often, but in this case the acuteness was that Chernov was a “small fry”, and Novosiltsev was an aristocrat. From the point of view of Ryleev and other future Decembrists, this was a cruel insult: the strong and rich insulted the poor and weak. The matter ended in a duel. As a second, Ryleev did everything to ensure that the duel took place and was as bloody as possible (this is contrary to the principles: usually the duty of seconds is to try on duelists or soften the conditions of the duel). Ryleev and his comrades handled things in such a way that the duel turned out to be terrible. They placed the duelists at such a distance that it was almost impossible to miss, and as a result both died. Chernov's funeral turned into a demonstration. The Decembrists did everything to expose this situation in the light of the political discord within high society. This case shows us how tough Ryleev was in matters that concerned the honor and dignity of a person. He was ready to sacrifice not only his own, but also the lives of others in order to defend his beliefs. |
Creativity of Ryleev
Ryleev not only wrote poetry, but also published the almanac “Polar Star”. Much later, in the 1850s, this is exactly what A.I. named his magazine. Herzen (Fig. 2).
Rice. 2. Almanac “Polar Star”
In Russian literature, the word "polar" referred to the north. Publishing such an almanac in St. Petersburg is a completely natural thing. Ryleev published it not alone, but together with his like-minded person A. Bestuzhev.
In their work, the Decembrists were guided by Gabriel Romanovich Derzhavin. The name of this writer is associated with classicism, with high style and ode as a favorite genre. This is poetry focused on serious, sublime topics. The future Decembrists were quite harsh-minded people not only in their private lives, but also in the sphere of literature and art. Poetry as an adornment of life or the poetry of light themes was completely alien to them. If we look at the literary map of Russia at that time, the main controversy was between the Derzhavinites and the Karamzinists. Supporters of Karamzin's sentimental aesthetics believed that poetry could be light in style, vocabulary, and choice of topics. The stern Decembrists were for the old style, the minted style of Lomonosov and Derzhavin, and it was in this vein that Ryleev tried to write. The Decembrists were also people focused on exploits and achievements. And for heroism they turned to ancient Roman history.
All these features of the literary taste and choice of the Decembrists and Ryleev are clearly visible in one of his works, in “Ode to a Temporary Worker.”
A temporary worker is a person who, by the will of a strong patron (usually a monarch), finds himself in power for a while, achieving a high position and honors.
“An arrogant temporary worker, and vile and insidious,
The monarch is a cunning flatterer and an ungrateful friend,
Furious tyrant of his native country,
A villain elevated to an important rank by slyness!
You dare to look at me with contempt
And in your menacing gaze you show me your ardent anger!
I don’t value your attention, scoundrel;
From your mouth blasphemy is a crown worthy of praise!
Ryleev scolds and vilifies the temporary worker very rudely and furiously, but uses a high syllable for this. Next, the author moves on to threats. Let's see how he addresses the temporary worker.
“Tyrant, tremble! he may be born
Or Cassius, or Brutus, or the enemy of the kings, Cato!
Oh, how I try to glorify him with the lyre,
Who will deliver my fatherland from you?
Cassius, Brutus and Cato are heroes of ancient Roman history.
Ryleev did not just want to imitate Derzhavin, he tried to find his own syllable and style. Dumas are large works with heroes - Russian and Ukrainian historical figures. Heroes of thought usually reflected on the fate of the Fatherland, and all of them, in one way or another, sacrificed themselves for the sake of the people's good. For example, Ivan Susanin, well known to us from history, gave his life for the Tsar and Russia.
And again we are convinced that Ryleev’s poetry is poetry of serious, tragic themes, and in the center there is always civic interest, a common cause. The ideological and artistic paradox of Ryleev’s works was that he portrayed anti-romantic heroes through romantic techniques. One of these heroes is Ermak from the thought “The Death of Ermak” (Fig. 3).
Rice. 3. Illustration for the Duma “Death of Ermak”
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Ermak Ataman Ermak Timofeevich is one of the most famous Cossacks in the history of Russia. He stands on a par with such characters as Bulavin, Pugachev and Razin. But these people are rebels who opposed the authorities, against the state. Ermak is a slightly different character, he is also a representative of a free anti-state force, a robber and brigand who decided to serve the Fatherland. But Ermak pursued selfish goals in the attack on the Siberian Khanate. It is immediately clear that the attack would allow him to loot a lot, and in case of victory he would receive a reward from the sovereign. But robbery outside the state, which it also supports, is no longer a crime, but becomes a military feat. Ermak's success was one of the positive events of the times of Ivan the Terrible. Ermak is at the same time the embodiment of riotous free power and a servant of the sovereign. This attracted not only Ryleev, A.K. Tolstoy brought out Ermak in the novel “Prince Silver,” but did it in a rather unusual way. Ermak himself never appears on the pages of the novel; others talk about him. In Tolstoy, Ermak is a saving ray against the background of the oprichnina described in the novel, an image of a bright future. |
Ermak is a real character in Russian history of the 16th century. He was a Cossack chieftain who went to conquer Siberia, which was under the rule of Khan Kuchum. Ermak died by drowning in the river during a sudden attack by the Tatars. It was with Ermak’s campaign in Siberia that the annexation of these lands into the territory of the Russian state began.
Readers already know its outcome from the title of the Duma.
“The storm roared, the rain made noise,
Lightning flew in the darkness,
And the winds raged in the wilds...
Breathing passion for glory,
In a harsh and gloomy country,
On the wild bank of the Irtysh
Ermak sat, overcome with thought.”
The description is romantic: the hero is presented to us surrounded by nature and completely alone. Next we read the Cossack’s address to his squad.
"Comrades of his labors,
Victories and thunderous glory,
Among the pitched tents
They slept carelessly near the oak grove.
“Oh, sleep, sleep,” the hero thought,
Friends, under the roaring storm;
At dawn my voice will be heard,
Calling for glory or death!
You need rest; sweet dream
And in a storm he will calm the brave;
In dreams he will remind you of glory
And the strength of the warriors will double.”
Here we understand that dramatic events will soon begin. It is important to note that Ermak addresses the sleeping people, hoping that they will hear him. Readers of Ryleev's time, when reading this passage, immediately arose an association with the prayer for the cup in the Garden of Gethsemane from the Gospel (Fig. 4).
Rice. 4. V. Perov. "Prayer of Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane"
Before his execution, Jesus prays, and his disciples-apostles sleep nearby. And we foresee a tragedy. This parallel is not accidental.
"Who did not spare his life
In robberies, mining for gold,
Will he think about her?
Dying for holy Rus'?
Washed away with your own and the enemy's blood
All the crimes of a violent life
And deserved it for the victories
Blessings of the Fatherland, -
Death cannot be scary to us;
We have done our job:
Siberia was conquered by the king,
And we did not live idly in the world!”
Ermak says that in the past they all sinned, but now they have the opportunity to atone for their sins. And we see the subtext: here it is, exactly the sacrifice made for the sake of the Fatherland. And this feat can redeem everything, and yesterday’s sinner can become a saint.
“But his fate is fatal
Already sitting next to the hero
And looked with regret
Looking at the victim with a curious look.
The storm roared, the rain made noise,
Lightning flew in the darkness,
The thunder roared incessantly,
Stormy nature no longer acts as a silent witness, but becomes the embodiment of fate, taking up arms against the hero.
“The Irtysh was boiling in steep banks,
Gray waves rose,
And they crumbled into dust with a roar,
Biya o breg, Cossack boats.
With the leader, peace in the arms of sleep
The brave squad ate;
With Kuchum there is only one storm
I didn’t sleep on their destruction!
Ermak is sleeping, and his fate is approaching him closely - we understand that he is doomed. This fits within the framework of the Christian faith. What is important is not victory, but sacrifice, feat. Then follow the lines about the attack of enemies.
“Afraid to enter into battle with a hero,
Kuchum to the tents like a despicable thief,
Snuck along a secret path,
Tatars are surrounded by crowds.
Swords flashed in their hands -
And the valley became bloody,
And the formidable one fell in battle,
Without drawing your swords, the squad..."
An unfair battle takes place, and the Tatars exterminate the Cossacks. Ermak takes flight.
“Ermak rose from sleep
And, death in vain, rushes into the waves,
The soul is full of courage,
But the canoe is far from the shore!
Irtysh is more worried -
Ermak is straining all his strength
And with your powerful hand
It cuts through the gray trees...”
In these lines we observe Ermak’s struggle with nature, as in the ancient tragedy, here nature acts as an evil fate. The character continues to fight injustice and is again shown as a romantic hero. But, like the most powerful Greek hero Achilles, Ermak has a weak spot. For him, this is a gift from Ivan the Terrible, heavy armor that pulls him to the bottom.
“The shuttle is floating... the shuttle is already close -
But power gave way to fate,
And, boiling more terribly, the river
The hero was noisily consumed.
Having deprived the hero of his strength
Fight against the furious wave,
Heavy armor - a gift from the king
Became the cause of his death"
In this fragment one can see the poetic convention of Ryleev’s thought. It's not about reality, but about some poetic side of things. Next, the author shows us the dead, but in some sense not defeated Ermak.
“The storm roared... suddenly the moon
The boiling Irtysh turned silver,
And the corpse, spewed out by the wave,
The copper armor lit up.
The clouds were rushing, the rain was noisy,
And the lightning still flashed,
And the thunder still roared in the distance,
And the winds raged in the wilds.”
In the finale, Ryleev masterfully uses lines that are already familiar to us, but now they have a different shade. If you think about it, the final picture reminds us of an honorary funeral for a military man, only nature is involved in this procession.
Conclusion
Three years have passed since the creation of the “Death of Ermak” Duma, and a speech took place on Senate Square. This was the crown of Ryleev’s political and civil life. This temperamental man was the soul and engine of this uprising. The Decembrist uprising was suppressed, Ryleev was arrested and spent his last months in prison. He was sentenced to death and hanged along with four of his comrades. The poet accurately predicted his fate in the Nalivaiko Duma.
“I know: destruction awaits
The one who rises first
On the oppressors of the people, -
Fate has already doomed me.
But where, tell me, when was it
Freedom redeemed without sacrifices"?
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Ryleev in prison The adamant Kondraty Ryleev could be patient and gentle. He was a Christian (Fig. 5).
Rice. 5. K. Ryleev His Christian position was especially visible at the end of his life. Ryleev accepted the verdict without anger or protest. The letter he wrote to his wife in his last hours has been preserved. Usually a suicide letter was written before a duel, where the outcome was unknown. Ryleev had no doubts. It's interesting what he writes to his wife. He asks her to come to terms with what is happening and not to be angry with either God or the sovereign who sentenced him. “God and the Sovereign have decided my fate: I must die and die a shameful death. May His holy will be done! My dear friend, surrender to the will of the Almighty, and he will console you. Pray to God for my soul. He will hear your prayers. Do not complain either at him or at the Emperor: this will be both reckless and sinful. Can we comprehend the inscrutable judgments of the Incomprehensible? I never once grumbled during the entire time of my imprisonment, and for this the Holy Spirit wonderfully comforted me. Marvel, my friend, and at this very moment, when I am busy only with you and our little one, I am in such a comforting calm that I cannot express to you. Oh, dear friend, how saving it is to be a Christian. I thank my Creator that He has enlightened me and that I am dying in Christ.” Ryleev died reconciled and said goodbye to his wife. He accepted death as a humble man, and not as a rebel, as we first remember him. |
As he wanted, as he dreamed, he suffered for a just cause. And it turns out that he was a real romantic. He actually professed the romantic principle: live as you write, write as you live. And so it happened: that Kondraty Ryleev lived, wrote and died as a romantic.
Questions for notes
Make a table in which you enter the titles of the microtopics. In each column, write down key words, phrases, fragments of micro-topic sentences (according to Ryleev’s thought “The Death of Ermak”).
Write an essay “The role of the Decembrists in the development of social thought in Russia.”
Answer in writing the question: “Why are the fate of the author and the fate of the hero Ermak parallel?”
Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev (1795-1826) was a poet, public figure and one of the leaders of the Decembrist uprising.
Not a poet, but a citizen
Freethinker, romantic and revolutionary. Since 1823 he was a member of the Northern Society of Decembrists. Later he led its most radical direction, putting forward the ideas of a republican social system. He was one of the five Decembrists, the leaders of the movement, who were executed after the uprising.
Ryleev accepted his fate without anger or malice, did not renounce his views and beliefs, and tried more to save his comrades than himself. He walked to his execution calmly, with the confidence that he was dying for a just cause.
The poet's work
Ryleev's creativity, saturated with the ideas of freedom and universal equality, received mixed assessments from his contemporaries. The great A.S. Pushkin spoke skeptically about his “Thoughts”. But Ryleev himself always positioned himself first of all as a citizen, and only then as a poet. In his work, he expressed his civic position boldly and with youthful ardor. For descendants, his poems serve not only as a literary, but also as a historical monument. Ryleev's work was of great importance for the revolutionaries of the 19th and 20th centuries. In it they received an example of how to live for an idea and be ready to die for it.
Together with Alexander Bestuzhev, Ryleev published the almanac “Polar Star”. The Decembrists published their works in it. Several poems by Pushkin were also published there. 30 years after the Decembrist uprising, A. Herzen began publishing an almanac, which he named the same, thereby paying tribute to the Decembrists and expressing commitment to their ideas.
Like other Decembrists, Kondraty Fedorovich based his creativity on G.R. Der-zha-vina. This is the poetry of the classical style; it is characterized by lofty and serious themes. Frivolous poetry, which delights the ear, but does not carry any moral principles or ideas, was alien to him. In the center of Ry-le-e-va are civic ideas. Its peculiarity is also that he, using techniques characteristic of Romantic poetry, portrayed heroes who were far from romantic ideals. A similar hero is Ermak from the thought “The Death of Ermak” by Ryleev. An analysis of this work shows that the author outlined his ideals and beliefs in it.
Who is Ermak
One of the most famous Kazaks in Russian history is Ataman Ermak Timofeevich. He, unlike the rebels Razin and Pugachev, who fought against government officials, served the Fatherland. Of course, in conquering the Siberian Khanate, Ermak pursued his own selfish interests. Robbery during war is not an act of crime, and such actions were supported by the attacking state. With his campaign, Ermak marked the beginning of the conquest and annexation of Siberia to Russia.
Thus, Ermak is a rather versatile character. He is both a free Cossack and a warrior acting for the glory of his state. Therefore, his image attracted Ryleev.
Cossack on the river bank
In the analysis of “The Death of Ermak” by Ryleev, it should be noted that the author demonstrates a romantic bias in the Duma. The enthusiastic description of nature and the philosophical thoughts of the main character are confirmation of this. At the beginning of the thought, the poet describes a strong storm that broke out at night. Ermak sits alone on the banks of the Irtysh River. The Cossack is tormented by the question: are he and his friends living correctly? Many Cossacks in the recent past were desperate robbers, but later switched to the tsarist service.
In the analysis of Ryleev’s thought “The Death of Ermak” it should be shown that Ermak does not condemn his friends, but admires their courage and daring. He is sure that the Cossacks atoned for their past crimes, fulfilling the royal will, not sparing their own lives. The Cossack turns to his sleeping comrades, hoping that they will hear him, but their sleep is sound. An analysis of Ryleev’s “Death of Ermak” suggests that Ermak Timofeevich has a presentiment of his imminent death.
Death of the squad
In the process of analyzing “The Death of Ermak” by Ryleev, it becomes obvious that the author contrasts the courageous and fearless ataman Ermak with the vile and treacherous Khan Kuchum. Khan is not considered a worthy opponent of Ermak and his squad. He cowardly attacks the sleeping Cossacks, being careful not to engage them in a fair fight. Kuchum and his people kill almost the entire squad. In the analysis of Ryleev’s work “The Death of Ermak,” it must be said that brave warriors died without even taking up arms.
The only way of salvation is the waters of the Irtysh. But now the stormy nature is not a silent witness to the events taking place. She becomes the embodiment of evil fate. A terrible storm, strong winds and heavy rain make the river deadly. In the analysis of Ryleev's poem "The Death of Ermak" it is necessary to indicate that the forces of nature have taken up arms against the hero.
Death of Ermak
Ermak enters into an unequal struggle with nature, like the heroes of ancient tragedies. Here he fights injustice. But how can a person fight the elements? In addition, he is wearing too heavy armor, donated by Ivan the Terrible. Ermak has no strength left to resist. He drowns, carried down by the royal gift.
An analysis of Ryleev’s “Death of Ermak” gives an idea of what exactly the author considers to be the cause of the death of his hero. Undoubtedly, heavy armor destroyed Ermak. The Cossack, who accepted an expensive gift from the Tsar, died. He exchanged his freedom and convictions for faithful service to autocratic power. As a Decembrist, Ryleev placed the problem of personal freedom especially highly. He did not consider service to the Tsar and service to Russia to be identical concepts. In the analysis of Ryleev’s work “The Death of Ermak,” it should be shown how, while admiring the heroism of Ermak Timofeevich and his service for the benefit of his native state, the poet is indignant when he sees that the Cossack does not value freedom. No, it was not the river that destroyed Ermak, but the royal gifts.
The poet ends the thought with a description of the raging elements. The lines familiar to the reader now take on a different meaning. An analysis of Ryleev’s “Death of Ermak” helps to understand that the final of the Duma honors the fallen warrior. But only nature participates in the funeral procession.
This work, written in 1822, quickly gained incredible popularity. Critics have repeatedly analyzed Ryleev's thought. “The Death of Ermak” was fragmentarily set to music, becoming a song widely popular among the people.
(historical basis of the Duma
K.F. Ryleeva “The Death of Ermak”)
teacher of Russian language and literature MOU
“Lyceum No. 1”, Chamzinka village, Republic of Mordovia
Pechkazova Svetlana Petrovna
- prepare for the perception of K.F. Ryleev’s thought “The Death of Ermak”,
- introduce the historical basis of the work,
- analyze the features of the Russian national character shown by K.F. Ryleev in the image of Ermak,
- cultivate patriotic feelings
Konstantin Fedorovich Ryleev (1795 - 1826) -
Russian poet, public figure, member of the Northern Secret Society, Decembrist
During Kondraty Ryleev’s lifetime, two of his books saw the light:
in 1825 the collection “Dumas” and the poem “Voinarovsky” were published.
The poet included more than 20 works of this genre in the collection “Dumas”:
“Oleg the Prophet”, “Boyan”, “Mstislav the Udaly”, “Death of Ermak”,
“Ivan Susanin”, “Peter the Great in Ostrogozhsk” and others.
Konstantin Fedorovich Ryleev
He set before his poetic work the task of reminding youth of the military patriotic exploits of their ancestors, acquainting them with significant eras of people's history, instilling sincere affection for the homeland, genuine love for the fatherland.
Dumas of K.F. Ryleev
"Mstislav the Udaly"
"Peter the Great in Ostrogozhsk"
"Boyan"
"Oleg the Prophet"
"Death of Ermak"
"Ivan Susanin"
Duma is a poetic genre of Russian literature, which represents the poet’s reflections on philosophical, social, family and everyday topics.
Duma by K.F. Ryleev “The Death of Ermak”
based on real historical events.
Cossack Ermak Timofeevich played an important role in the annexation of Siberia to Russia during the era of Ivan the Terrible. He defeated the army of Khan Kuchum, but Kuchum himself fled to the steppe.
At night, he unexpectedly attacked Ermak’s camp, the Cossacks fought courageously, but they had to “give in to the force and surprise of the blow.” They were forced to flee, but there was only one way to salvation: swimming across the Irtysh.
The historical basis of K.F. Ryleev’s thought “The Death of Ermak”
This happened on August 6, 1585. Ermak Timofeevich with a small detachment of 50 people spent the night on the banks of the Irtysh at the mouth of the Vagai River. Kuchum attacked the Cossacks and destroyed almost the entire detachment. Only a few Cossacks managed to escape.
According to the recollections of eyewitnesses of that terrible night, the ataman was burdened with his armor, in particular, two chain mail donated by the king. Trying to swim to the plows, he drowned in the Irtysh.
It is quite possible that Ermak was also wounded. According to Tatar legends, Ermak was mortally wounded in the throat with a spear by the Tatar hero Kutugai.
The historical basis of K.F. Ryleev’s thought “The Death of Ermak”
According to legend, Ermak’s body was soon caught from the Irtysh by Tatar fisherman Yanysh. Many noble Murzas, as well as Kuchum himself, came to look at the ataman’s body.
They say that the Tatars shot at the ataman’s body with bows for several days and feasted.
Later, having divided his property, in particular, taking two chain mail donated by the Tsar of Moscow, he was buried in the village, which is now called Baishevo. They buried him in a place of honor, but behind the cemetery, since Ermak was not a Muslim.
Vocabulary warm-up
1. Explain the meaning of the phrases:
Breathing passion to glory -
wanting fame.
Companions of his labors -
fighting friends, like-minded people.
We did not live idle in the world -
not in vain.
Fatal destiny -
unlucky fate.
Woke up from sleep -
woke up.
2. Choose synonyms for the words:
thicket, wilderness, thicket.
Wilds -
Embraced -
surrounded, embraced.
Tent -
tent, camp.
Warrior -
warrior, warrior.
Cheln -
ship, boat.
Armor -
armor, chainmail, armor .
Vocabulary warm-up
Holy Rus' -
Motherland, fatherland, native land.
Blessing of the Fatherland -
mercy of the homeland, wishes for victory and happiness.
- Explain why the events at the beginning of the Duma take place at night, during a thunderstorm?
- What does Ermak think about the night before the fight?
- How do you understand the hero’s words: “And we did not live idly in the world”?
- How did Ermak’s squad die? What does the author see as the reason for her death and who does he condemn for this?
- What is the theme and idea of Ryleev’s Duma?
- What feelings was the author trying to convey?
- Find patriotic-sounding lines in the text of the Duma.
- Re-read the thought out loud expressively. Why does it especially excite the hearts of readers?
- What features of the Russian national character did K.F. show? Ryleev in the image of Ermak?
- What works of oral folk art are close to Ryleev’s Duma?
B. Dekhterev. "Death of Ermak"
What episode from the thought “The Death of Ermak was depicted by the artist B. Dekhtyarev”?
Monuments to Ermak
The world's first linear icebreaker "Ermak"
Stele to Ermak
in Tobolsk
Monument to Ermak
in Novocherkassk
Don money - Ermak, 100 rubles. Rostov, 1918